EDUC 301 Final

The stage and language acquisition when children move from babbling to authentic speech at about 12 months is referred to as the _______ stage.

Holographic

when a specific assessment shows that a large number of students have a specific instructional need, a teacher should consider doing which of the following? A. Compare the class scores with a Norming group. B. Immediately perform an additional assessment of the skill or concept. C. Provide direct instruction of the skill or concept, during shared or guided reading. D. A and C only

C. Provide direct instruction of the skill or concept, during shared or guided reading.

Which of the following is the best definition of direct, systematic phonics instruction? A. A program that provides direct instruction of necessary compendium of skills building on a developmental sequence. B. A program that spends the majority of literacy instructional time focused on decoding development. C. A program that teaches phonics skills, two children as the skills are encountered in an authentic reading situation. D. all of the above.

Answer - A. A program that provides direct instruction of the necessary compendium of skills building on a developmental sequence.

which of the following is not a guideline for helping non-English speakers to become phonemically aware? A. Use worksheets, quick drills and word memorization B. Treat students as English speakers who are struggling to hear the sounds in English. C. Intensify instruction, three or four times a week building on students progress in oral English. D. Speak slowly and use lip mouth and tongue training in an active enjoyable approach.

Answer - A. use worksheets quick drills and word memorization

Why should opportunities to experiment with print through writing be made available to young children A. writing develops fine muscle coordination. B. Writing helps children understand that print should be meaningful. C. Writing develops proficient handwriting ability. D. writing teaches children, the value of correct spelling.

Answer - B. Writing helps children understand that print should be meaningful.

Which of the following is the best definition of phonics instruction? A. A method emphasizing worksheets, and rote activities. B. an instructional model requiring that generalizations about letters and sounds in the English language be memorized. C. explicit instruction and systematic teaching of the relationships between letters and sounds D. A transactional collaborative model of instruction.

Answer - C. explicit instruction and systematic teaching of the relationships between letters and sounds

The goal of standards development is to do which of the following? A. Make the selection of textbooks easier. B. Enable teachers to work through the basal stories and workbook pages. C. enable teachers to use a cookbook approach towards literacy teaching D. Enable school systems to set clear targets for their students.

Answer - D. enable school systems to set clear targets for their students

which of the following is considered a difficult subscale of phonemic awareness? A. determining which of two words is the longest. B. Replacing one speech sound with another. C. Putting together an onset and rime provided by the teacher. D. rhyming a one syllable word.

Answer -B. Replacing one speech sound with another.

Why is it important to teach high frequency words? A. these are the words that are the easiest to decode, and thus build a readers confidence. B. These words are often overlooked in traditional phonics programs. C. Approximately 50% of the words students read are high, frequency, words. D. such words are the most concrete and easiest for children to remember.

Answer -C. Approximately 50% of the word students read our high frequency words

sound boxes are best used to meet the needs of children who need more support in which of the following areas? A. phoneme manipulation B. Phonics. C.phoneme segmentation D. Rhyming.

Answer -C. phoneme segmentation

which of the following is not a true statement about fluency? A. having a student repeat the reading of a text four times is sufficient to improve fluency. B. Word by word readers, who lack automaticity need more basic instruction in phonics. C. Fluent readers read with appropriate expression. D. Decoding automaticity does not affect comprehension.

Answer -D. Decoding automaticity does not affect comprehension.

Reading aloud to young children, does which of the following? A. teaches them to predict what will happen next. B. Teaches them to match spoken words with print. C. Models how to write the letters of the alphabet. D. All of the above. E. A and B only.

Answer -a and B only

Which of the following is a fundamental characteristic of the reading process? A. It is a memorizing process B. It is a summarizing process. C. It is a strategic process. D. It is a cumulative process.

Answer- C. It is a strategic process.

what are the first six skills that should be taught in phonics instruction?

1. know letters 2. CVC. (consonant vowel consonant) words 3. Consonant blends. 4. Digraphs. (th, ph, ch, etc) 5. Long vowel, silent E. 6.Predictable vowel teams.(for example ai always says "a") 7.Unpredictable vowel teams. 8."r" controlled vowels (ir, er,ar)

why is choosing a topic for informational writing, often easier for young children than choosing a topic for narrative writing? A. All of the above B. Teachers can engage children and using the Internet to find ample information about almost any topic. C. They are less likely to feel they don't know what to write about when they have so many topics to explore. D. Children enjoy, researching and writing about their discoveries about a wide variety of topics.

A. All of the above

which of the following is the most effective and formal test for measuring a students overall strengths and needs and reading? A. An informal reading inventory. B. Oral reading from a basal reader. C. A cloze test. D. A story retelling

A. An informal reading inventory.

which of the following statements is/are true, regarding the place of questioning and guided reading? A. questions should be included that go beyond asking students to restate what they have just read. B. Questions should always be able to be answered with a simple yes or no C. Questions asked after reading should be designed to help students internalize the text and identify with the main character. D. A and C.

A. Questions should be included that go beyond asking students to restate what they have just read.

which of the following is an important idea to keep in mind when following basal manual instructions for introducing new meaning vocabulary? A. use as many senses as possible, when introducing new words. B. Begin instruction, assuming that students do not already know the new vocabulary. C. Encourage students to look up each word in the dictionary. D. All of the above.

A. Use as many senses as possible, when introducing new words.

which is the best statement concerning the potential of technology to enhance instruction in a comprehensive literacy program? A. Technology use is highly effective when it supports the literacy goals the teacher has already established. B. Technology applications, help children, acquire new vocabulary by communicating with others online. C. Technology is most compatible with conventional literacy, goals, district, benchmarks, and state, and national standards for literacy. D. Technology applications are superior because they motivate students and provide more opportunities for critical and creative thinking.

A. Technology use is highly effective when it supports the literacy goals the teacher has already established.

what is the name of the initial stage of spelling development that occurs at about the time the child learns the alphabet and discovers that words are composed of letters? A. The pre-communicative stage. B. The phonetic stage. C. The transitional stage. D. The pre-literate stage.

A. The pre-communicative stage

Why might teachers use story frames with early writers? A. to help writers understand the components of narrative structure. B. to show writers how informational/explanatory writing differs from narrative structure C. All of the above. D. To urge learners to write longer stories.

A. To help writers understand the components of narrative structure.

assessment and instruction should ______ with state standards

Align

Which of the following is not a true statement about the stages of language development? A. when they enter kindergarten children, whose first language is English are able to use to a greater or lesser extent, all linguistic constructs in the English language. B. Children in the two words stage are considered in the telegraphic stage. C. Children move from babbling to authentic speech at approximately 12 months. D. The acquisition of a second language follows different stages than those of first language development.

Answer-D. The acquisition of a second language follows different stages than those of first language development.

which of the following statements best describes an effective spelling program for early literacy? A. A program that includes memorization of grade level, lists, appropriate to the age and developmental level of the students to be taught. B. A program in which teachers help students explore, and understand the patterns and useful generalizations about the relationships within and between words C. A program in which students learn the sounds of the letters in the alphabet and then learn to apply these letters systematically to sounds D. A program in which students are continually exposed to the regular patterns of words.

B. A program in which teachers help students explore and understand the patterns and useful generalizations about the relationships within and between words.

Why is encouraging young students to use experimental spelling a positive practice for beginning writers? A. coupling experimentation with systematic instruction in the visual patterns of our language will help students learn to spell correctly. B. All of the above. C. Observations of experimental spellings can tell teachers a good deal about the students knowledge of sound spelling relationships. D. Attempting to sound out words offers the students important opportunities to experiment with sound spelling relationships.

B. All of the above.

which of the following organizational models can be used for expository frames? A. Problem/theme and episode/resolution B. Cause/effect and problem/solution. C. Character/setting and event/ending. D. plot/problem and theme/resolution

B. Cause/effect and problem/solution.

which of the following is most critical for encouraging parents to come to school to discuss their children's progress? A. An agenda that is both interesting and informative. B. Flexible scheduling that includes a variety of options for parents. C. Publicizing the meetings on local radio and television stations. D. Refreshments that reflect the cultural diversity of the surrounding community.

B. Flexible scheduling that includes a variety of options for parents.

Which of the following is a good reason to teach young children to read and write informational text? A. informational text helps students express their ideas in a more naturally creative way using informational text. B. Most of the reading and writing that students will be asked to do in their later school years will involve comprehending informational text. C. Publishers are beginning to use this genre, almost exclusively, and basal readers. D. Informational text is less difficult to read than narrative text with fewer nuances.

B. Most of the reading and writing that students will be asked to do in their later school years will involve comprehending informational text.

The experience text relationship is an effective activity to use with students when the teacher wants to do which of the following? A. provide motivation for an expository piece. B. Relate students experiences to a topic before reading about it. C. Have students experience an event firsthand D. Offer a wide range of questions to inexperienced readers

B. Relate students experiences to a topic before reading about it.

what is the primary reason a teacher would use a picture walk with students? A. To focus attention on the contribution of children's illustrators B. To encourage students to think about what is going to happen thus Aiding comprehension. C. To allow English learners to create their own text D. To revisit the story for the purpose of retelling.

B. To encourage students to think about what is going to happen, thus aiding comprehension.

appropriate reading material to suggest for parents of a five or six-year-old child would include which of the following? A. informational books with some plot development. B. Washable cloth books containing animals and familiar objects. C. Predictable books where the child can chime in. D. Vinyl or cardboard books with large and colorful picture.

C. Predictable books where the child can chime in.

Which of the following is the best definition of comprehension? A. making predictions about text. B. Decoding text C. Building a mental construction of a text. D. Building a schema for text.

C. Building a mental construction of a text.

In this chapter, how was grouping used in the classroom? A. Avoid grouping that feels stigmatized. B. Groups are only used for reading. C. groups that are flexible and change frequently, depending on the activity being used D. Uses groups for recreational reading only

C. Groups that are flexible and changed frequently, depending on the activity being used.

in which area do new standards call for deeper vocabulary, knowledge and application? A. opinion, text, reading and writing. B. Reading and writing of literature. C. Informational, reading, and writing. D. Personal narrative, reading, and writing.

C. Informational, reading, and writing.

which of the following is true about learning to write? A. Students should not compose before. They are completely proficient in handwriting, because if they cannot form the letters correctly, each time, their thought process will be hampered. B. Teachers should correct each mistake on a piece of writing, or the student may develop some bad habits. C. Student writing should be personally meaningful to them. D. It is motivational for students to always write in response to prompts or topics generated by the teacher choice regarding writing topics is overwhelming for students.

C. Student writing should be personally meaningful to them.

how my adding word processing software to a writers workshop, improve students writing? A. student spelling skills will decline because of the spellcheck feature. B. Students will effortlessly learn keyboard skills. C. Students will tend to write more prolifically and enthusiastically. D. Students will begin to show a marked preference for informational text.

C. Students will tend to write more prolifically and enthusiastically.

Which of the following is not a purpose for shared reading? A. to develop concepts about print. B. To explore language. C. To develop oral fluency. D. To improve comprehension skills through listening.

C. To develop oral fluency.

The most successful vocabulary enhancing activities are those that do which of the following? A. allow students to memorize definitions in their own way. B. Require students to use the dictionary. C. Involve active engagement with words taken directly from the reading. D. Prepare students to pass standardized reading test.

C. involve active engagement with words taken directly from their reading

instructional plans emanate from ongoing assessment and are adjusted according to students _________.

Changing needs

Why is it important that readers monitor their understanding of a text? A. readers are making sure that what they read conforms to what they already know. B. Readers can assure themselves that they haven't missed something. C. Readers can determine if they need to reread something that does not seem to make sense. D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

how can students best be taught about critical viewing of videos and other media? A. Teachers should always identify a purpose for viewing. B. Students can be encouraged to identify stereotypes, lack of multiple perspectives, and gaps and information just as they do to literature. C. Teachers can offer a think about how they are interpreting the content of the media piece and share their personal connections to it. D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

which of the following practices, according to research, make learning to read more difficult for young students? A. Making oral reading the most important literacy goal. B. Using workbooks with every reading lesson. C. Focusing on skills at the expense comprehension. D. All of the above. E. None of the above.

D. All of the above.

according to this chapter, what is perhaps the most critical decision in setting up the classroom? A. Carefully, considering how the desk should be placed. B. All of these are equally critical. C. Deciding which basal reader to use. D. Deciding how to use the limited time available.

D. Deciding how to use the limited time available.

brainstorm three classroom centers that young students could visit while a teacher conducts a guided reading activity for each center/activity discuss the steps. A teacher must take to ensure the rest of the students will be thoroughly engaged. You can use ideas that you have learned from your fellow students throughout the semester as well.

Essay

which of the following is the highest level at which a student can read satisfactory yet be challenged to acquire new skills and strategies? A. Independent level B. Reading capacity level. C. Frustration level. D. Instructional level.

D. Instructional level.

which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the relationship between reading and writing? A. Children should delay written, experimentation with print until they are aware of short and long vowel sounds. B. Children must have experienced some success with reading before they begin to write. C. Writing can develop easily as soon as children have the rudiments of the sound symbol relationship. D. reading and writing processes are mutually supportive of each other

D. Reading and writing processes are mutually supportive of each other.

how should a teacher of young students answer a parent who is asking "how do I help My child become a better reader?" A. tell the parents to restrict television and computer time. B. Offer general advice, such as read to him or her. C. Offer the parents, alphabet and letter sound drills. D. Offer specific activities that will help children succeed.

D. offer specific activities that will help children succeeded

Technology is a very important resource for classrooms today name three ways you intend to use technology in your classroom when you have your own classroom in the future please explain each of the ways you intend to use technology in your classroom.

Essay

when a child reads to a parent and then leads a discussion about the book while the parent listens and asks questions, the pair are engaging in ______.

Dialogic reading

The ______ describes the gap and access to technology between middle-class and low income families. This gap can be partly addressed by providing opportunities for effective technology use in the schools.

Digital divide

Talk about why teaching is a noble profession

Essay

List of the stages of developmental spelling and provide an example of each. Why do you think it is important for classroom teachers to be able to identify approximately the stage that each of their students are in?

Essay- -precommunicative; learning alphabet, doesn't know which sound to which letter -pre phonetic or pre literate stage; understands letter sound relationships, understands reading is left to right, uses sound to form words. "see is c" -phonetic stage; refining skills of pre phonetix; memorize site words; elephant is lafint (inventive spelling) - transitional stage; close to correct spelling know that some words have spellings you can't hear (third grade) -conventional spelling- they can tell of word looks right; some words sound the same but have different spellings

Describe each of the stages of language acquisition, including the approximate ages, at which the stages occur, and the characteristics of each

Essay- - pre birth; in womb- mothers voice help neurological development - infancy; 9-18 months- coos, babbles, response to stimuli. begins to immitate sounds they hear around them. no meaningful words- no replicated babbling. echolalia- repeat words without understanding - holographic; 12 months- begins with first word; one word phrases; begins understanding words - telegraphic; 12-24 months; one more word to create a phrase - preschool to fluency- 2-5; language explosion with sentences and understanding; questions 5 Ws - primary grades; 5-8; all linguistic constructs; understand past tense

Explain what you think would be the most vital components of a balanced comprehensive early literacy program containing elements from both a skills based and a holistic approach

Essay- -build on a child's background on how print functions - build a foundation of anemic awareness -be clear and direct -focus on reading words rather than memorizing rules of phonics (total reading program) -word recognition strategies

explain why phonemic awareness is an important component of any literacy program for preschool kindergarten and first grade students site research that supports your answer

Essay- phonemic awareness is ability to hear and identify and manipulate individual sounds words out loud not on paper once sounds are mastered, match them to symbols in phonics

Using________ can help students understand expository or informational structures by providing a systematic way to write about content material they have previously read

Expository frames

primary grade students understanding of ________ usually lags far behind their understanding of narrative structure

Expository structure

fluency is the rate, accuracy and speed that a person reads True or false

False; fluency is the rate accuracy and prosody that a student reads

to encourage a wide range of reading interests in the early literacy classroom a teacher should select children's literature from a wide range of _______.

Genres

and inviting specialized, setting, providing a series of self-selected independent tasks that are found in the classroom is called a _________.

Learning center

A meeting held to communicate with parents about the academic progress of their child, is called a _______

Parent- Teacher Conference

adjusting the level of modeling needed for understanding text according to students needs is called _________.

Scaffolding

when teachers respond to the language of learners in the early stages of language acquisition by elaborating on their one or two word expressions, they are using the process of ________

Scaffolding

background knowledge for the topic being considered is called a ________.

Schema

_______ our important vehicles for helping students put together related information and develop additional words for the same concept.

Semantic maps

Match the cueing system to is definition Involves using clues in the text to determine the meaning of an unknown word

Semantic system

_______ focuses on the use of tests that measure reading and spelling skills as well as the sub skills of those areas.

Skills - based assessment

Match the cueing system with its definition Gives the reader clues from the sentence structure

Syntactic system

teachers can model how narrative and informational text differ by reading the material and doing a ________.

Think aloud

holistic instruction, which involves negotiating with students about their ideas concerning what they're reading and writing is often called a _________ of literacy instruction.

Transactional model

phonics instruction has sometimes been associated with the _______ of instruction.

Transmission model

Reading is the mechanical scale of turning printed syllables into sounds of the language True or false

True

raiders theater makes a story immediately accessible to English learners by providing a _______ for the words that are read.

Visual context

A _______ as an activity designed to help students locate information online

WebQuest

why are decodable texts advocated for early phonics instruction? A. they provide interesting stories for discussion and later, creative writing. B. the language patterns provide important fluency development for students for whom English is a second language. C. their inherent rhyme rhythm and repetition make them motivational for young learners. D. They incorporate the exact phonic element that students are learning, thereby providing immediate reinforcement

answer - D. they incorporate the exact phonic element that students are learning, thereby providing immediate reinforcement

meaning, making and vocabulary are part of which cueing system? A. syntactic. B. Semantic. C. graphophonic D. Pragmatic

answer- B. semantic

which of the following are visual, and sound features of words? A. Semantic information. B. Pragmatic information. C. Syntactic information. D. Graphophonic information

answer- D. Graphophonic information

reciprocal, teaching, fosters comprehension by helping students monitor their thinking through reading summarizing, questioning predicting, and ________.

clarifying

Describe from beginning to end how you would set up a parent teacher conference, so that the parents are comfortable gain knowledge about their child's literacy, strengths, and needs, and feel that they have established a partnership with you

essay

What are two centers that you could use with students to practice phonics skills

essay

make a list of five teaching goals that you believe will be nonnegotiable for your classroom. Please explain why you chose these specific goals for your classroom.

essay

you need to think like you are a kindergarten teacher. You have two children that have came to your class in the telegraphic stage of language development. What will you as the classroom teacher do to help these students progress to where they need to be what will you do with the rest of the class that are in a higher level of language development?

essay

A child in your first grade classroom brings in a picture of his new baby brother for the rest of the class to see describe how you might use this picture as the stimulus for using the language experience approach, making sure to describe steps involved.

essay Steps in the language experience approach : -Provide a stimulus for discussion and writing -Conduct an oral discussion -Brainstorm -Help students compose a passage -Read the passage aloud reread several times -Recruit students to read individual sentences -Have students name the passage -Conduct a mini lesson -Duplicate the passage and print or digital form.

List the types of strengths and needs that could be determined through the use of an informal reading inventory then discuss the important teacher considerations for selecting, administering and interpreting the results of this informal reading device for a student in a second grade classroom.

essay possible answer: The informal reading inventory allows the teacher to identify each child's instructional frustration and independent reading levels, as well as their listening comprehension level. The IRI also allows the teacher to determine strengths and needs and decoding and comprehension abilities, as well as to understand how students are using syntactic, graphophonic, and cues to make sense of reading. Lastly, the IRI allows the teacher to compare how a student decodes words and isolation with how that student decode words in the context of meaningful sentences.

describe the skills used in the reading process then explain how each each skill is necessary for becoming a proficient teacher.

essay- letter sound relationships acquiring a sight vocabulary gaining meaning from context

What is your definition of direct, systematic, phonics instruction describe how direct, systematic instruction in phonics fits into a balanced comprehensive literacy program

essay- teach basics in order- syllables onset and rime phoneme phonological awareness blending direct systematic approach allows students to figure out words on their own both use predictable texts to help comprehension

List the comprehension strategies you might select for use in a second grade classroom with students from three different language groups. What are the reasons for your selections?

essay- types of comprehension strategies: previewing and making predictions Tuning into prior knowledge Visualizing Making connections Monitoring, understanding Generalizing Evaluating Asking and answering questions

what are the two types of meaning vocabulary instruction explain the purpose for each type of instruction, and given an example of an activity you might use to develop each.

essay- explicit instruction and independent vocabulary strategies. explicit instruction includes specific instruction, provided by the teacher regarding unknown words. independent vocabulary strategies are strategies that help the students determine the meanings of words on their own.

approximately ______ of English words are considered regular and their spelling sound correspondence

fifty percent of

Match the curing system with its definition: Helps readers to sound out words

graphophonological system

Reading is a ________ process, whereby the various sub skills such as decoding finding the main idea and locating important details must be integrated to form a smooth coherent whole

holistic

A short lesson focused on a single, narrow topic is called a ______.

minilesson

when teachers deliberately admit words in a story, and then paused to allow the students to supply these words, they are using an activity known as ______.

oral cloze

with guidance students will soon discover that all 44 or so ________ and the English language can be represented by letters or groups of letters

phonemes

30 years of research into the literacy, achievement of early readers have indicated that _____ maybe the most important factor leading to success

phonemic awareness

________ is the ability to hear, identify and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words

phonemic awareness

Match the cueing system to its definition Using the background in the context of the reading, the reader has certain expectations for the text

pragmatic system

The degree to which emergent readers are aware of the individual sounds, and spoken words very often_______ future reading, success

predicts

The new literacies require children to be proficient in reading, writing, listening, speaking viewing and _______.

visually representing

according to recent research students _______ also supported by proficiency in spelling.

writing