EDUC 400 Final

Simulation

An artificial setting or situation that parallels a real-world setting or situation and allows students to practice problem-solving skills.

Direct Instruction

Teacher-initiated and directed whole class learning.

b. child abuse

Teachers in most U.S. states are mandatory reporters of suspected: a. bullying. b. child abuse. c. drug abuse. d. alcohol abuse.

d. social promotion

Teachers in the 1970s and 1980s found that using threats and rewards to manage their classrooms became more difficult due to an increase in: a. application of social and behavioral research. b. family mobility. c. breakups of the traditional family. d. social promotion

b. False

Teachers should expect students to follow classroom rules without question right from the first day of school. a. True b. False

b. False

Teachers should respect students' preferences not to respond to questions. a. True b. False

b. False

Teachers should train only those students with natural leadership ability to be the leaders of small-discussion groups. a. True b. False

b. False

According to the text authors, a well-prepared teacher should interrupt a lesson if a teachable moment comes up. a. True b. False

a. Providing feedback to improve logic and systematic thinking

According to the text authors, what is likely the most important element of assessing higher-level thinking activities? a. Providing feedback to improve logic and systematic thinking b. Establishing that a student correctly uses desired processes or skills c. Evaluating the validity of students' answers d. Determining if a student meets established criteria

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

(level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization

Higher Level Thinking

A multistage construction of meaning that analysis and synthesis. Also called critical thinking.

a. Recognizing that letters represent sounds b. Recognizing sight words e. Identifying the letters of the alphabet

A first-grade teacher has planned a lesson with the terminal objective of understanding a text. Which enabling skills are needed for students to attain this objective? Select all options that apply. a. Recognizing that letters represent sounds b. Recognizing sight words c. Retaining what was read d. Understanding the author's point of view e. Identifying the letters of the alphabet

a. Use self-created materials in addition to the textbook. b. Use a questioning hierarchy such as Bloom's taxonomy.

A fourth-grade teacher wants to develop higher-level thinking in her students. Which of the following actions will help the teacher achieve this goal? Select all options that apply. a. Use self-created materials in addition to the textbook. b. Use a questioning hierarchy such as Bloom's taxonomy. c. Use only higher-level questions on summative tests. d. Increase the complexity of the content and skills taught. e. Encourage more individual activity and less group activity.

c. a concept hierarchy.

A language arts teacher is teaching a lesson on the use of a comma between two independent clauses. He starts the lesson by demonstrating the characteristics of both a comma and an independent clause. This is an example of using a sequencing technique based on: a. a progression from concept-related examples to concept description. b. the arrangement of independent enabling skills. c. a concept hierarchy. d. a progression from concrete to abstract concepts.

unguided inductive inquiry

A learning process in which students discover specific facts or ideas by themselves and then make their own generalizations based on what they have learned.

Wait Time 2

A silent period that occurs after a student responds to a teacher's question.

c. Add complexity to the lesson.

A social studies teacher is presenting a lesson on the Nineteenth Amendment and asks, "What do you know about the rights of women back in the Thirteen Colonies? Why weren't women given the right to vote in the Constitution?" This question is an example of which principle of sequencing? a. Begin with an abstraction. b. Use concrete examples. c. Add complexity to the lesson. d. Begin with a simple step.

a. Videos b. Student activities c. Guest speakers d. Assigned readings

A social studies teacher tends to use an inductive presentation mode for teaching most lessons. The teacher decides to alter this method and use a deductive mode of presentation for a unit on the Civil War. Which elements is the teacher most likely to include for this unit? Select all options that apply. a. Videos b. Student activities c. Guest speakers d. Assigned readings e. Teaching questioning

b. Dates and key events

A social studies teacher used an inductive strategy to teach concepts about the Gulf War. The teacher's self-created test included a short-answer section on image analysis, a multiple-choice section on key concepts, a matching section on dates and key events, and an essay on the causes and effects of the war. Students did well on the test, except for one section. Which section did students most likely do poorly on? a. Key concepts b. Dates and key events c. Causes and effects of the war d. Image analysis

a. Role-playing

A social studies teacher wants to challenge students to understand the perspectives of different groups of people who are concerned about issues related to mining in South America. Which of the following types of small-group discussion are best suited to this purpose? a. Role-playing b. Inquiry-centered c. Task-directed d. Brainstorming

a. True

A student portfolio is often a better indicator of student achievement than a multiple-choice test. a. True b. False

a. Metacognition

A teacher asks students to keep a record of the environments in which they study at home and to rate the factors in those environments as either useful or distracting. What thinking skill is the focus of this assignment? a. Metacognition b. Discovery c. Problem solving d. Guided inquiry

a. Austin's father says, "Austin's mother reports that Austin is getting good grades. He's been coming over to my place several times a week and I've been helping him with his homework." b. Taylor's grandfather says, "I'm in charge when Taylor's mother is working. If Taylor doesn't turn in her work, call me and I'll take care of it." c. Alyona's uncle says, "I'm so pleased Alyona is starring in the play. When is it?" d. Maliah's mother says, "Is there any way Maliah can still try out for a role in the play? I did not know the tryouts were last Tuesday."

A teacher has many students whose parents live apart but share custody, as well as students who live with extended family members. For some of these students, both a parent and another family member may attend school activities and student-teacher conferences. Which of the following comments show the need for the teacher to improve communication with a parent or other family member? Select all options that apply. a. Austin's father says, "Austin's mother reports that Austin is getting good grades. He's been coming over to my place several times a week and I've been helping him with his homework." b. Taylor's grandfather says, "I'm in charge when Taylor's mother is working. If Taylor doesn't turn in her work, call me and I'll take care of it." c. Alyona's uncle says, "I'm so pleased Alyona is starring in the play. When is it?" d. Maliah's mother says, "Is there any way Maliah can still try out for a role in the play? I did not know the tryouts were last Tuesday."

b. Skills d. Attitudes

A teacher is monitoring students' behavior as they work in cooperative groups. The teacher is trying to decide whether the rules for working in groups need to be reinforced. Which areas is the teacher assessing? Select all options that apply. a. Thinking b. Skills c. Knowledge d. Attitudes e. Aptitudes

d. The jigsaw technique

A teacher notices that several students do not participate in small-group discussions. Which of the following can the teacher use to compel each member of the group to contribute to the group's goal? a. Brainstorming b. Simulation c. Inquiry-centered discussion d. The jigsaw technique

a. "Micheal, check the thesaurus and revise two words in your poem to make them more vivid. In ten minutes I want you to read your poem to the class."

A teacher observes Michael throwing spitballs during a poetry writing lesson. Which statement would be most effective to change Michael's behavior? a. "Michael, check the thesaurus and revise two words in your poem to make them more vivid. In ten minutes I want you to read your poem to the class." b. "Michael, stop that! I do not tolerate spitballs in my class." c. "Michael, you are never going to complete the assignment if you keep that up." d. "Michael, you helped create the rules for this class. What did the rules say about spitballs?"

d. The teacher determined the final grade based on the halo effect

A teacher spent the weekend reading and scoring essay tests. In the wee hours of Monday morning, the teacher was reading the last set of three extended-response items. The student had demonstrated an in-depth understanding of the content and concepts in the first two responses. With drooping eyes, the teacher skimmed the last response and gave the test the highest grade. What assessment error did the teacher demonstrate? a. The teacher used analytic scoring rather than holistic scoring. b. The teacher used holistic scoring to evaluate all responses instead of each response. c. The teacher lacked reliability due to impaired attention. d. The teacher determined the final grade based on the halo effect.

a. to appeal to different learning styles

A teacher used an Irish song to teach first-graders about numbers. The teacher most likely chose this song: a. to appeal to different learning styles. b. to cover math and music in one lesson. c. to expose students to a different culture. d. to recognize the students' diverse cultural backgrounds.

d. Simulation

A teacher wants students to examine issues related to the refugee problem in Europe before they engage in a research project on the same topic. Which is the best type of small-group discussion for this purpose? a. Inquiry-centered b. Brainstorming c. Task-directed d. Simulation

d. Write a letter or create a poster urging people to attend a meeting on school reform

A teacher wants to give students opportunities to demonstrate their learning through both right- and left-brain assessments. Which pair of assessments gives students the option to choose either a right- or left-brain assessment? a. Write a speech or participate in a debate about the dangers of global warming. b. Create a diorama or draw a picture of family life in ancient Egypt. c. Create an infographic or draw storyboards for a video about pollution in your community. d. Write a letter or create a poster urging people to attend a meeting on school reform

a. Add the sentence: Remember to synthesize the chapter material rather than repeat it.

A tenth-grade civics teacher assigns a section of the textbook chapter to each student and gives the following instructions: "Give a ten-minute lecture about the content in your assigned section. Include a visual or advance organizer outline to illustrate concepts in your lecture. Be prepared to ask and answer questions during a five-minute recitation period following your lecture." How can these instructions be revised to help students create a first-rate lecture? a. Add the sentence: Remember to synthesize the chapter material rather than repeat it. b. Add the sentence: Use an overhead projector or whiteboard to display your visual or advance organizer. c. Increase the length of the lecture to twenty minutes. d. Delete the information about the recitation period.

formative assessment

A type of classroom assessment devoted entirely to the enhancement of student learning and achievement via specific feedback.

b. Students expect to follow classroom norms.

According to the text authors, why is it unnecessary for teachers to exercise significant power to create supportive learning environments? a. Teachers' energy should be directed at teaching, not classroom management. b. Students expect to follow classroom norms. c. Rules administered by teachers should be tempered with wisdom and fairness. d. Discipline should be based on democratic principles.

a. True

According to the text, playing the game of Twenty Questions helps students to develop critical thinking skills. a. True b. False

d. The learning process is shut down. e. Students' enjoyment of learning is decreased.

According to the text, which are consequences of using questions for punitive purposes? Select all options that apply. a. More thoughtful responses are promoted. b. Lower-level thinking skills are reinforced. c. Inappropriate behavior is modified. d. The learning process is shut down. e. Students' enjoyment of learning is decreased.

c. Ways she can enhance her future learning

Alexis is a highly motivated and high-achieving ninth-grader. She is preparing for a student-led conference in which she will discuss her performance in an "introduction to engineering design" class. She has received top scores on all tests and projects, but is frustrated because she feels the coursework is not challenging. Which of the following is most likely to be the focus of the conference? a. Her performance on projects and tests b. A display of her performance portfolio c. Ways she can enhance her future learning d. Ways in which she demonstrated her learning

b. produces consistent test results

An assessment that has reliability: a. is free of all types of bias. b. produces consistent test results. c. relates to a specific task or content. d. measures what it is intended to measure.

problem solving

An inquiry learning process in which students seek answers to a question that is relevant to themselves and their culture.

Diagnostic Test

Assessment tool that pinpoints students' strengths and weaknesses, specifically what students need to learn in designated fields.

b. False

Concept learning takes place primarily during early childhood and the first three years of elementary school. a. True b. False

a. James favors questions with no right or wrong answer. d. James questions everything his teachers say. e. James loves to play the devil's advocate.

During a parent-teacher conference, James' mother expresses concern about her son's thinking skills. The teacher replies that James displays many attitudes that promote effective thinking. Which examples, if true, would support the teacher's claim? Select all options that apply. a. James favors questions with no right or wrong answer. b. James is quick to form and express his opinions. c. James believes everything he reads on the Internet. d. James questions everything his teachers say. e. James loves to play the devil's advocate.

b. Promote student-to-student interactions c. Encourage greater engagement in learning e. Promote greater student reflections

For which teacher objectives is discussion an appropriate technique to use? Select all options that apply. a. Assess understanding of key concepts in the textbook b. Promote student-to-student interactions c. Encourage greater engagement in learning d. Practice direct control of learning e. Promote greater student reflections

a. True

Gagné's research shows that the order in which instructional elements are taught influences student performance. a. True b. False

b. False

Identical assessments can usually be used to measure the progress of all students in a classroom, including those with special needs. a. True b. False

c. Both encourage students to create knowledge by applying process skills

How are constructivism and inquiry learning alike? a. Both are question-based instructional models. b. Both see inquiry as the sole learning model for all content. c. Both encourage students to create knowledge by applying process skills. d. Both require students to collaborate and interact with other students.

b. Model giving positive feedback to students in whole-class settings. d. Make students responsible for giving feedback in small-group settings.

How can a teacher promote positive feedback in small-group settings? Select all options that apply. a. Intervene when students in small groups are giving negative feedback. b. Model giving positive feedback to students in whole-class settings. c. Give positive feedback to each student in a small-group setting. d. Make students responsible for giving feedback in small-group settings. e. Model giving positive feedback to students in small-group settings.

b. Prompt the student to clarify or add more information.

How should a teacher respond to a student who gives a partially correct response? a. Supply the correct answer for the student. b. Prompt the student to clarify or add more information. c. State that the answer is wrong. d. Ask the student to try again.

a. True

In subject areas where an accepted content hierarchy exists, a teacher is unlikely to sequence instruction based on personal preference or experience. a. True b. False

feedback

Information that students can use to improve their performance.

d. problems.

John Dewey influenced inquiry teaching in the United States by advocating for a curriculum based on: a. small-group activities. b. explorations. c. constructivism. d. problems.

Cooperative learning

Learning based on a small-group approach to teaching in which students are held accountable for both individual and group achievement.

a. True

Peer tutoring that combines feedback and formative evaluation is the most effective instructional variable in increasing achievement. a. True b. False

Graphic Organizer

Pictures, outlines, sketches, or some pictorial display that help the learner to obtain a quick mental perception or image of the topic.

Evaluative questions

Question that asks students to make a personal judgment and then defend their position with criteria that support the position taken.

reflective question

Questions requiring students to develop higher-order thinking skills. A reflective question attempts to elicit motives, inferences, speculations, impact, and contemplation.

Divergent questions

Questions that encourage students to give complex, creative, longer answers

Convergent questions

Questions that require students to give factual or specific answers.

a. True

Research shows that, although questioning tends to be a universal teaching strategy, no single questioning strategy is applicable to all teaching situations. a. True b. False

b. False

Small discussion groups help students develop process skills but do not increase students' understanding of course content. a. True b. False

process objectives

Statements that focus on the way students learn (how) rather than the specific outcomes of learning (what).

Objective item

Test items that have a single best or right answer.

Short-answer

Test items that pose a question and require students to give a brief, two- to three-sentence response.

Holistic Scoring

The assessment of a student's work in its entirety rather than through judgment of specific parts.

Analytic scoring

The assessment of student performance by means of a rating system

Multiple Intelligences

The concept that intelligence does not take just one form but exists in eight facets: verbal/ linguistic, bodily/kinesthetic, intrapersonal, logical/mathematical, musical/rhythmic, visual/spatial, interpersonal, and naturalistic.

Reliability

The degree to which a test consistently measures a given attribute

Validity

The degree to which a test measures what it is intended to measure.

Classroom Management

The methods of organization, disciplinary procedures, and routines established by the teacher to ensure positive student behaviors that are conducive to learning and social interaction.

a. True

The more knowledge one has, the greater one's thinking skills. a. True b. False

b. False

The most effective teachers are those who are experts in the subject matter they teach. a. True b. False

b. False

The primary purpose of assessments is to rank student scores and achievements. a. True b. False

b. False

The primary purpose of maintaining student records is to accurately track and record assignments, class participation, tests, and other activities that will be used to establish a student's grade. a. True b. False

a. True

The problem-solving model focuses on achieving objectives rather than experiencing the process of inquiry itself. a. True b. False

Deductive reasoning

The process of discovering specific examples or facts from a generalizing framework; a thinking process that moves from the general to the specific.

Inductive inquiry teaching

The process of inferring generalizations from a set of specific ideas or facts

inductive reasoning

The process of studying examples or facts to develop generalizations or concepts; a thinking process that moves from the specific to the general.

task analysis model

The process of subdividing the content, concepts, or processes of a lesson into smaller, sequential steps that begin with the least complex and progress to the most complex.

Hemisphericity

The study of where in the brain—in the left hemisphere or the right hemisphere—different types of mental functions occur.

multi-methodology

The teaching practice of using a wide variety of techniques during lessons so that every student will benefit from at least one mode of every presentation.

Halo effect

The tendency of a teacher to assess a student's later performance based on the quality of earlier performance rather than being totally objective.

b. False

The text authors recommend that teachers use an A-B-C chart to become aware of their own disinviting behavior. a. True b. False

Wait Time 1

The time between when a teacher poses a question and then calls on a student to answer it

b. False

Using cooperative groups is an effective way to introduce students to unguided inductive experiences. a. True b. False

a. To elicit multiple responses b. To develop listening skills c. To encourage creative thinking d. To promote higher-level thinking

What are some of the goals of the divergent questioning strategy? Select all options that apply. a. To elicit multiple responses b. To develop listening skills c. To encourage creative thinking d. To promote higher-level thinking e. To test students' knowledge of facts

a. Adopt an inquiry-based teaching strategy. b. Consciously infuse thinking in all learning situations. e. Use methods and teaching techniques based on the inquiry model.

What are the essential elements of the three-fold approach to the teaching of thinking? Select all options that apply. a. Adopt an inquiry-based teaching strategy. b. Consciously infuse thinking in all learning situations. c. Select course materials that focus on higher-thinking skills. d. Focus on the higher-level skills of analysis and synthesis. e. Use methods and teaching techniques based on the inquiry model.

a. To ensure the curriculum is appropriate b. To verify that learning is occurring c. To provide students with feedback about their learning

What are the main purposes of a formative assessment? Select all options that apply. a. To ensure the curriculum is appropriate b. To verify that learning is occurring c. To provide students with feedback about their learning d. To identify what students need to learn in a specific subject e. To determine students' knowledge prior to a lesson

d. Both male and female teachers interact more with male students than female students.

What do research studies reveal about teacher-student interactions in high school science classes? a. Male teachers interact more with female students than with male students. b. Female teachers interact more with male students than with female students. c. Both male and female teachers interact more with female students than with male students. d. Both male and female teachers interact more with male students than with female students.

b. Encourage students to try as many group roles as possible. d. Expect mastery of the cooperative learning model to take one year or longer.

What do the text authors recommend in terms of initiating cooperative learning in the classroom? Select all options that apply. a. Ask students to set academic and social goals for their cooperative groups. b. Encourage students to try as many group roles as possible. c. Keep cooperative learning groups together for the school year. d. Expect mastery of the cooperative learning model to take one year or longer. e. Form groups of one above-average student, two average students, and one below-average student.

b. Continually make connections between previously taught concepts and new material.

What does the text propose as an alternative to distinct review sessions? a. Use questioning techniques that promote multiple responses. b. Continually make connections between previously taught concepts and new material. c. Assess gaps in students' knowledge with a formative assessment. d. Use student-generated questions rather than teacher-constructed questions.

b. National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) data showing stable or increased student achievement e. A TIMSS International Study Center study showing that US advanced placement students outscored international students in physics and advanced math

What evidence does the author cite to show that teachers have been successful at teaching thinking? Select all options that apply. a. Common Core assessments showing the percentage of students who met stated goals b. National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) data showing stable or increased student achievement c. College entrance exams, such as the SAT, showing stable or increased national averages d. Teacher reports showing the percentage of students who passed end-of-course tests e. A TIMSS International Study Center study showing that US advanced placement students outscored international students in physics and advanced math

a. Students do not understand how to develop or frame their own criteria.

What explanation does the text give for the difficulty students often have in responding to evaluative questions? a. Students do not understand how to develop or frame their own criteria. b. Students lack sufficient knowledge about the topic. c. Students lack the higher-level skills needed to view multiple perspectives. d. Students have not formed a judgment on the topic.

a. The study of different types of mental functions and whether they occur in the left or right hemisphere of the brain

What is hemisphericity? a. The study of different types of mental functions and whether they occur in the left or right hemisphere of the brain b. The cognitive, affective, and physiological traits that individuals exhibit during the learning process c. A theory of how the brain isolates individual pieces of knowledge and connects them to a larger organized body of knowledge d. The practice of subdividing content into more narrow ideas, isolating each fact, concept, or generalization within a hierarchy of knowledge

c. Teachers want to test what they taught

What is one reason that many teachers create their own tests rather than use the ones provided with a textbook? a. The teachers can teach to the test. b. The teachers can create tests with greater reliability and validity. c. Teachers want to test what they taught. d. Teachers have greater control over test security issues.

a. Brainstorming

What is the best type of discussion group if the objective is to generate ideas with a high level of creativity? a. Brainstorming b. Role-playing c. Inquiry-centered d. Simulation

a. Helping students develop representations of standards c. Providing formative feedback to students d. Providing clear goals and standards

Which actions have high potential for helping low-achieving students? Select all options that apply. a. Helping students develop representations of standards b. Having students grade their own performance c. Providing formative feedback to students d. Providing clear goals and standards e. Having students determine standards and goals

a. Students have greater understanding of the rules. b. Students are more vested in maintaining order. e. A foundation for equity is established in the classroom.

Which are benefits of involving students in establishing classroom rules? Select all options that apply. a. Students have greater understanding of the rules. b. Students are more vested in maintaining order. c. The teacher transfers responsibility of classroom management to the students. d. Students use peer pressure to encourage compliance with rules. e. A foundation for equity is established in the classroom.

a. Allows for content differentiation b. Uses a deductive mode of learning d. Shows relationships among concepts

Which are characteristics of a graphic organizer? Select all options that apply. a. Allows for content differentiation b. Uses a deductive mode of learning c. Emphasizes left-brain processes d. Shows relationships among concepts e. Organizes concepts sequentially

a. Expect rain if you visit Australia in December. d. Australians are friendly to tourists.

Which are examples of a generalization? Select all options that apply. a. Expect rain if you visit Australia in December. b. Most Australians live along the coast due to the dry interior. c. Australia is the smallest continent. d. Australians are friendly to tourists. e. Australia attracts tourists from around the world.

a. A fifth-grade student realizes Robert Frost's poem "The Road Not Taken" is about decisions. e. A kindergartener decodes a word for the first time.

Which are examples of an individual experiencing a relative discovery? Select all options that apply. a. A fifth-grade student realizes Robert Frost's poem "The Road Not Taken" is about decisions. b. A middle schooler successfully repeats a challenging experiment. c. An infant recognizes her mother's voice. d. A high school student explains how William Blake's poetry relates to contemporary issues. e. A kindergartener decodes a word for the first time.

c. A teacher reads a passage from a book about Nelson Mandela, and then asks students to identify what the passage reveals about apartheid in South Africa. d. A teacher shows images of a mudslide on a hill and an eroded coastline, and then asks, "What do these two land forms have in common?" e. A teacher shows a video of Alabama state troopers attacking civil rights marchers in 1965, and then asks students to speculate how this event changed social perceptions during the civil rights movement.

Which are examples of inductive modes of presentation? Select all options that apply. a. A teacher explains that if A = B and B = C, then A = C, and then asks students to give examples to prove the logic of this equation. b. A teacher defines population density, and then shows students a population density map of the United States and asks, "What states have the highest population density?" c. A teacher reads a passage from a book about Nelson Mandela, and then asks students to identify what the passage reveals about apartheid in South Africa. d. A teacher shows images of a mudslide on a hill and an eroded coastline, and then asks, "What do these two land forms have in common?" e. A teacher shows a video of Alabama state troopers attacking civil rights marchers in 1965, and then asks students to speculate how this event changed social perceptions during the civil rights movement.

a. To make inferences c. To speculate on causes e. To consider unintended consequences

Which are goals of the reflective questioning strategy? Select all options that apply. a. To make inferences b. To determine what is good or bad c. To speculate on causes d. To understand how something works e. To consider unintended consequences

a. Formative assessments occur during learning, summative assessments occur after learning. c. Formative assessments are for learning, summative assessments are of learning.

Which characteristics differentiate formative and summative assessments? Select all options that apply. a. Formative assessments occur during learning, summative assessments occur after learning. b. Formative assessments are evaluative, summative assessments are not. c. Formative assessments are for learning, summative assessments are of learning. d. Formative assessments provide feedback, summative assessments do not. e. Formative assessments gauge growth, summative assessments measure achievement.

b. Students revise their work based on self-assessments. c. Students use a variety of learning strategies. d. Students monitor their own learning. e. The teacher and students share the same understanding of a lesson's goal.

Which conditions need to be present in order for students to achieve the full benefit of formative feedback? Select all options that apply. a. The teacher provides immediate feedback to the students. b. Students revise their work based on self-assessments. c. Students use a variety of learning strategies. d. Students monitor their own learning. e. The teacher and students share the same understanding of a lesson's goal.

a. Ability b. Aptitude c. Cultural background d. Language e. Socioeconomic status

Which factors influence students' learning styles? Select all options that apply. a. Ability b. Aptitude c. Cultural background d. Language e. Socioeconomic status

b. They require more than a short answer. c. They engage and hold students' interest. d. They require serious, creative thinking. e. They involve questions with no correct answer.

Why are controversial issues and moral issues excellent topics for small-group discussions? Select all options that apply. a. They require no source materials. b. They require more than a short answer. c. They engage and hold students' interest. d. They require serious, creative thinking. e. They involve questions with no correct answer.

a. Peer assistance is inferior to teacher instruction. b. Cooperative learning does not provide sufficient challenge for gifted students. c. Students who do high-quality work may receive a low grade because another group member failed to perform satisfactorily. d. Cooperative learning does not provide sufficient opportunity for students with special needs to improve basic skills.

Which is a criticism of cooperative learning? Select all options that apply. a. Peer assistance is inferior to teacher instruction. b. Cooperative learning does not provide sufficient challenge for gifted students. c. Students who do high-quality work may receive a low grade because another group member failed to perform satisfactorily. d. Cooperative learning does not provide sufficient opportunity for students with special needs to improve basic skills. e. Schools should focus on academic skills, not social skills.

b. A reflective journal writing exercise d. A brain teaser activity

Which is a desirable ending activity of a class period? Select all options that apply. a. A short physical activity b. A reflective journal writing exercise c. A brief question-and-answer session d. A brain teaser activity e. A teacher reminder about class assignments

a. Reflects preferred learning styles for students from other cultures. b. Strengthens conflict-resolution skills. c. Reduces teacher workload. d. Fosters development of social skills. e. Improves interpersonal relations.

Which is a rationale for cooperative learning? Select all options that apply. a. Reflects preferred learning styles for students from other cultures. b. Strengthens conflict-resolution skills. c. Reduces teacher workload. d. Fosters development of social skills. e. Improves interpersonal relations.

b. Letter grades provide a means of comparing and ranking students.

Which is an advantage of using a letter grade for summative assessments? a. Letter grades are stronger motivators than periodic reports. b. Letter grades provide a means of comparing and ranking students. c. Letter grades give teachers and parents a common terminology for discussing student performance. d. Letter grades provide clear and comprehensive information about student achievement.

a. What is the Kyoto Protocol? e. Which countries have signed the Kyoto Protocol?

Which is an example of a convergent question? Select all options that apply. a. What is the Kyoto Protocol? b. Why has the United States refused to ratify the Kyoto Protocol? c. What is likely to happen if the Kyoto Protocol is not ratified by more countries? d. Should the United States ratify the Kyoto Protocol? e. Which countries have signed the Kyoto Protocol?

a. The teacher is given the opportunity to observe students' nonverbal cues. d. Students are given time to think of responses. e. Students' attention is increased, as they may be called on for a response.

Which of the following are reasons that teachers should use wait time after asking a question? Select all options that apply. a. The teacher is given the opportunity to observe students' nonverbal cues. b. The teacher is able to reframe the question if students do not immediately respond. c. The teacher's expectations about the significance of the question are communicated. d. Students are given time to think of responses. e. Students' attention is increased, as they may be called on for a response.

b. Declarative statements

Which questioning technique elicits lengthier and more complex student responses? a. Open-ended questions b. Declarative statements c. Closed questions d. Higher-level questions

c. Observing d. Inferring

Which skills should students have mastered before participating in an inquiry-centered discussion group? Select all options that apply. a. Synthesizing b. Leadership c. Observing d. Inferring

b. The process is often more important than the academic content learned. c. Inquiry learning requires greater teacher effort and time. d. The teacher plays a supportive role in planning, conducting, and evaluating student work.

Which statements are basic tenets of inquiry teaching? Select all options that apply. a. Students typically prefer questions for which they already know the answers. b. The process is often more important than the academic content learned. c. Inquiry learning requires greater teacher effort and time. d. The teacher plays a supportive role in planning, conducting, and evaluating student work. e. The solutions, alternatives, and responses provided by learners should be available in the class's textbooks.

c. Look around the room before calling on a student to answer a question. d. Ask students to respond to other students' answers, to encourage student interaction. e. Ask questions that require both group answers and individual answers.

Which statements describe questioning as an effective monitoring strategy? Select all options that apply. a. Only call on students who volunteer, to foster a supportive environment. b. Ask questions in a predictable manner, to give students time to prepare their answers. c. Look around the room before calling on a student to answer a question. d. Ask students to respond to other students' answers, to encourage student interaction. e. Ask questions that require both group answers and individual answers.

c. Intelligence is multifaceted and changeable. d. A person's intelligence can be increased through learning experiences.

Which statements reflect key findings about human intelligence? Select all options that apply. a. Intelligence is fixed and cannot be developed. b. Verbal intelligence is the most important type of intelligence. c. Intelligence is multifaceted and changeable. d. A person's intelligence can be increased through learning experiences. e. IQ tests provide an accurate measure of an individual's intelligence.

c. "I don't like it, but it's the school's policy." d. "It's up to me if we take a break soon." e. "If everyone reads five books this month, we will have a pizza party."

Which teacher statements demonstrate external management control? Select all options that apply. a. "What kind of classroom do you like to work in?" b. "What does an orderly classroom sound like?" c. "I don't like it, but it's the school's policy." d. "It's up to me if we take a break soon." e. "If everyone reads five books this month, we will have a pizza party."

b. Focus on the development of self-esteem and self-actualization c. Correction of the student's act, not of the student e. Creation of an environment based on value and respect

Which traits characterize Maslow's humanistic approach? Select all options that apply. a. Recognition of the teacher as a moral authority b. Focus on the development of self-esteem and self-actualization c. Correction of the student's act, not of the student d. Emphasis on developing personal and civic virtues e. Creation of an environment based on value and respect

b. A student's academic well-being can be damaged. c. Students receive mixed messages about the purpose of assessments. e. Students can lose respect for their teacher.

Why are the textbook's authors against the use of assessments for classroom control and punishment? Select all options that apply. a. The teacher may find it more challenging to gain classroom control. b. A student's academic well-being can be damaged. c. Students receive mixed messages about the purpose of assessments. d. A false measure of a student's performance is provided. e. Students can lose respect for their teacher.

b. Students spend more time on in-depth analysis of the content.

Why do teachers who use the inquiry method cover less content? a. Students spend significant time pursuing false avenues of questioning. b. Students spend more time on in-depth analysis of the content. c. Content needs to be presented repeatedly and in multiple formats for understanding. d. Content is unimportant; the process is what matters.

c. Focus is put on the teacher, not the student. d. Time is wasted.

Why do the text authors warn against repeating students' responses? Select all options that apply. a. Favoritism is shown. b. Student morale is defeated. c. Focus is put on the teacher, not the student. d. Time is wasted. e. Students' ability to develop logical response systems is hampered.

a. Asking questions promotes active learning rather than dependency on the teacher. b. Interactive classrooms reflect meaningful learning experiences. d. Student-generated questions focus on students' opinions and ideas. e. Shifting the burden of inquiry onto students makes them more responsible for their learning

Why does the constructivist method of teaching encourage students to ask questions? Select all options that apply. a. Asking questions promotes active learning rather than dependency on the teacher. b. Interactive classrooms reflect meaningful learning experiences. c. Self-directed learning is more responsive to students' learning styles. d. Student-generated questions focus on students' opinions and ideas. e. Shifting the burden of inquiry onto students makes them more responsible for their learning

c. develop criteria to organize and evaluate ideas.

Writing a summary promotes thinking behaviors because it requires an individual to: a. become aware of his or her thought processes. b. recall key facts and details. c. develop criteria to organize and evaluate ideas. d. identify what is known and unknown about a topic.

Bloom's Taxonomy

knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation