EDUC 532 Chapter 6

Today's secondary schools are geared almost exclusively toward _____.

college-bound youngsters

ADHD has a strong _____ component

genetic

ADHD has a strong ______ component

genetic

Shelly has always excelled at math and science. As a freshman, Shelly is taking senior-level advanced placement classes in both math and science. She has won state awards for her scientific discoveries and is already receiving offers from major universities throughout the country. Shelly's abilities in math and science classify her as _____.

gifted

Schools are potentially important tools of social _____, because it is through schools that the greatest number of young people can most easily be reached.

intervention

School violence is especially common in ____ schools

middle

Toward the end of the twentieth century, the ____ school gained in popularity.

middle

Schools are among the (safest/riskiest) _____ places for adolescents to be.

safest

Students achieve and are engaged more in school when they attend _____.

schools that are responsive and demanding

Students who are disengaged from school are more likely to ____. (Select all that apply.)

misbehave and engage in substance use

Students and teachers are more satisfied in classes that combine a (low/moderate/high) _____ degree of structure with high student involvement and high teacher support

moderate

Subdivisions of the student body within large schools created to foster feelings of competence are referred to as _______ ______ ______

schools within schools

During the early high school years, students' ______

self-esteem increases

In urban areas, the availability of private schools contributes to _____.

racial segregation

At the turn of the twentieth century, only ___ in 10 young people ages 14-17 were enrolled in school.

1

In a national survey of secondary schools students in American public schools, 1 out of every ___ students has been a victim of violence in or around school.

4

About 1 in ____ school-age children is at risk for a learning disability

5

About 1 in _____ school-age children is at risk for a learning disability

5

In children and adolescents with ADHD, stimulant medication is helpful in about ____% of cases

70

Today, more than ____% of high school students graduate on time.

80

Which of the following parenting styles is associated with adolescents' academic success?

Authoritative

Several studies report that (Black/White) _____ and (Latino/Asian) _____ students perceive their teachers as having low expectations and holding stereotypes about their likelihood of misbehaving.

Black; Latino

According to the American Psychological Association, which of the following policies work best for dealing with student misbehavior and violence? (Select all that apply.)

Carefully train staff in how to respond to disruptive behavior; Require school police officers to have training in adolescent development; Reserve suspension or expulsion for only the most serious disruptive behavior; Define infractions carefully; Implement preventative measures to improve school climate and increase students' attachment to school

Students profit from the social capital associated with a _____ school, because the lessons taught in school are reinforced at home, at church, and in the neighborhood, and because the links between home and school are stronger.

Catholic

Identify the three subtypes of ADHD

Combined; Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive; Predominantly inattentive

The _____ school was an educational institution that promised to meet the needs of a diverse and growing population of young people.

Comprehensive high

Identify three common types of specific learning disabilities

Dyslexia,

Common Core is a set of standards in ____ that schools across the country would be expected to use to evaluate whether their students were learning what they ought to learn in each grade. (Select all that apply.)

English language arts; mathematics

True or false: With the transition to secondary school, students' scores on standardized achievement tests decline

False

Which student is especially likely to say that he/she is bored at school?

Gary, who is a sophomore in high school

Which U.S. president signed into law the No Child Left Behind Act?

George W. Bush

which of the following factors helps students adapt more successfully to school transition?

Having friends before and during the transition

Identify the three most important historical and social trends that contributed to the rise of secondary education in America.

Industrialization, Urbanization, Immigration

Which of the following is a disadvantaged associated with providing instruction to children with learning disabilities in separate classes?

It may foster social isolation and stigmatization

According to research, which of the following teenagers is most likely to become disengaged from school during early adolescence?

J.R., who is Black

Which of the following students would be at greater risk for social promotion?

Jerome, who is African American

(Low/High) - _____ achieving students, when mainstreamed, end up comparing themselves to students whose performance is better.

Low

Which of the following adolescents is likely to use stimulant medication to improve their test performance during the school year?

Rhianna, who comes from an affluent family

Which of the following statements about class size is true?

Small classes benefit young elementary school children

True or false: In some respects, the transition from high school to college parallels the transition from elementary to secondary school

True

Many adults believe that adolescence is _____.

a difficult time for teenagers and those who work with them

In schools in which ____ is not valued, students are less likely to achieve grades that match their ability.

academic success

In general, schooling affects adolescents' (cognitive/achievement) _____ scores more than their performance on tests of (cognitive/achievement) _____ skills

achievement; cognitive

As a result of Brown v. Board of Education, many school districts _____.

adopted measures designed to make schools more diverse

The big fish-little pond effect has been documented _____.

around the world

More advanced tracks result in _____

better teaching

For some students, academic and behavioral problems in elementary school lead to more problems during the transition into middle school. This is referred to as ______ effects

cascading

Standardized assessment, as outlined by NCLB, did not evaluate students' ______ ______ skills, which involve analyzing, evaluating, and interpreting information, rather than simply memorizing it

critical thinking

From the onset of NCLB, states complained that they _____

did not have the resources to conduct the mandated assessments

In one program, parents participated in an 11-week program designed to increase their understanding of adolescent development and their effectiveness as parents. The children whose parents participated _____.

did not show the decline in functioning often associated with the transition to middle school

"Race to the Top" (did/didn't) ____ change high school achievement

didn't

Five key aspects of school organization include: ________.

different approaches to age grouping; the ethnic composition of schools; school and classroom size; public versus private schools; tracking

Changes in school climate create a mismatch between what adolescents need and what their schools provide. This leads many adolescents to ____ from school

disengage

Students in urban schools report less a sense of "belonging" to their school, which leads to ____.

disengagement and poor achievement

One way of assessing the contribution of schools to adolescents' intellectual development is by comparing changes in knowledge _____.

during the school year with changes during the summer

Dropouts are likely to show achievement problems (early/late) ____ in their education

early

students who are just (emotionally/behaviorally/cognitively) _____ disengaged report the highest rates of depression

emotionally

Schools with more than 50% _____ _____ students are especially likely to be overcrowded

ethnic minority

About ____ or more of all children diagnosed with ADHD will continue to have the diagnosis in adulthood.

half

Just 10% of the high schools in the United States produce ____ of the country's dropouts

half

Good schools _____. (Select all that apply.)

have teachers who are committed to students; are well-integrated into the communities they serve; emphasize intellectual activities; encourage students to be active participants in the learning process

The comprehensive (junior high/high school) _____ _____ is a distinctively American institution

high school

Some studies have found that students' test scores are (higher/lower) _____ in private schools, especially Catholic schools

higher

Students' attachment to school is (higher/lower) ____ when they attend schools where relatively more of their classmates are from the same ethnic group.

higher

For high-ability students, within-classroom ability grouping results in ____.

higher expectations for academic achievement

The education crisis, and its implications for the labor force, is especially urgent within ____ schools

inner-city public

About half of all community college students _____. (Select all that apply.)

intend to transfer to a four-year college; are working toward a specific associate's degree

A difficulty with academic tasks that cannot be traced to an emotional problem or sensory dysfunction is called a(n) _____ ______

learning disability

Researchers agree that in good quality schools, ______.

learning is more important to students that athletics or extracurricular activities

compared to middle school teachers, teachers in junior high schools are

less likely to trust their students

Research shows that student performance and interest in school improve when schools are (less/more) _____ bureaucratic and (less/more) _____ intimate

less; more

Teacher expectations have a cumulative (short-term/long-term) _____ - ____ impact on student achievement

long-term

In a small school, (most/few) ______ students find themselves on a team, in the student government, or in an extracurricular organization.

most

Students at community colleges tend to be (older/younger) ______ than students at four-year institutions.

older

Nearly _____ of students who enter full-time, two-year college programs drop out after 1 year.

one-third

One factor that helps protect low-income students against the impact of low teacher expectations is having high expectations for achievement from their _____.

parents

Standards-based reform refers to ______.

policies designed to improve achievement by holding schools and students to a predetermined set of benchmarks measured by achievement tests

The most common treatment for ADHD is ______.

stimulant medication

_____ _____ is the extent to which students are psychologically committed to learning and mastering the material rather than simply completing the assigned work

student engagement

Tracking can polarize the student body into different _____ that are often hostile toward each other

subcultures

Young people who drop out of high school before graduation are at risk for _____. (Select all that apply.)

substance abuse, unintended pregnancy, delinquency, unemployment

School transitions, whenever they occur, ______.

temporarily disrupt the academic performance, behavior, and self-image of adolescents

Ability grouping is another term for ____.

tracking

About _____ of students in American schools are not fully engaged

two-thirds

There is considerable (stability/variability) _____ among charter, for-profit, and private schools, as well as among homeschooling environments, just as there is among public schools.

variability

The increase in college enrollment has been especially dramatic among (men/women) ______.

women

_____ _____ is a get-tough approach to adolescent misbehavior that responds serious or excessively to the first infraction.

zero tolerance