Educational Psychology Practice Quizzes

Multiple intelligence theory argues that: intelligence consists of metacognition, performance components, and knowledge acquisition the main types of intelligence are fluid and crystallized abilities intelligence consists of combinations of context, operations, and products there are 8 or more fairly separate and isolated forms of intelligence such as linguistic, spatial, and musical

there are 8 or more fairly separate and isolated forms of intelligence such as linguistic, spatial, and musical

What is a characteristic that should be part of all multiple choice distracters (wrong answers)? they should be complete sentences they should be longer than the correct answer they should be plausible they should be simple and straightforward

they should be plausible

Expert teachers can best be described as those teachers who have taught for many years who possess elaborate systems of knowledge for understanding problems in teaching whose training has surpassed the undergraduate level who are born with a natural ability to teach

who possess elaborate systems of knowledge for understanding problems in teaching

Jason is stuck while doing a titration in a chemistry class. Mrs Wolf gives him a hand in using the equipment so he can complete the task. What is the BEST term to describe Mrs. Wolf's actions? zone of proximal development problem solving accommodation metacognition

zone of proximal development

Which one of the following teacher statements is most consistent with the recommendation that classroom rules and procedures should be presented in an informational (rather than controlling) manner? "When you write your compositions, remember that I can read what you've written more easily and can give you more useful feedback if you write clearly." "Remember to do your own work on this assignment. This is not like the cooperative activity we did yesterday." "Tomorrow you should bring in a newspaper or magazine article about one of the countries we are studying in current events this week." "You should always do your math homework on wide-ruled paper and make sure your answers are lined up in rows that are easy for me to grade."

"When you write your compositions, remember that I can read what you've written more easily and can give you more useful feedback if you write clearly."

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of functional fixedness? A boy who cannot reach a box of cereal on the shelf doesn't think to use a ruler to reach it A woman who cannot find the cork for a half-finished bottle of win, pours the wine into a jar A man who cannot find his hammer uses a rock to hammer a nail back into the floor board A woman who cannot find her turkey pins straightens out some paper clips to use instead

A boy who cannot reach a box of cereal on the shelf doesn't think to use a ruler to reach it

Which one of the following teaching practices is definitely an example of evidence-based practice? A high school art teacher encourages students to choose a medium (e.g., clay, watercolor paints) that they can best use to express themselves. A fourth-grade teacher uses a reading program that research has shown to be effective for fourth graders. A seventh-grade science teacher asks students to conduct experiments in which they must determine which one of several variables makes a pendulum swing fast or more slowly. A kindergarten teacher asks students to bring something from home that begins with the letter B.

A fourth-grade teacher uses a reading program that research has shown to be effective for fourth graders

Which of the following is the best example of a summative assessment? An elementary teacher asks a student to explain his reasoning on a mathematics task A sixth grade class takes the statewide assessment A teacher provides feedback on a first draft of a writing assignment A high school teacher observes students as they complete a biology laboratory

A sixth grade class takes the statewide assessment

Which one of the following is the best example of action research? A college professor recruits sixth graders to come to his lab, where she assesses their responses and reaction times in a variety of challenging problem-solving tasks. Her results will help her refine the theory of problem solving she has been developing. A graduate student quietly observes adolescents' behaviors in the school cafeteria. He plans to describe his observations in his master's thesis. A teacher gives her students a questionnaire that asks them to describe how often they study and what kinds of strategies they use when they study. She will use the results to develop several lessons on effective study skills. All of the school districts in a particular state are instructed to give the same mathematics achievement test to their high school juniors. The average test scores for each district will be presented in a report that will be released to the general public.

A teacher gives her students a questionnaire that asks them to describe how often they study and what kinds of strategies they use when they study. She will use the results to develop several lessons on effective study skills.

Dr. Kenney conducts a study in which she gives some students (chosen randomly) logically organized learning material; she gives other students the same material presented in a haphazard, unpredictable sequence. She finds that students with the organized material remember more. This study can best be described as: A correlational study A theoretical study A descriptive study An experimental study

An experimental study

Which one of the following best illustrates inclusion as it is defined by special educators? Amy, who has dramatic mood swings, joins a regular class on the days when she is well-behaved Andrew, who is deaf, joins a regular class when it goes to art and physical education Alex, who is intellectually disabled, is taught in a general education classroom, where his teacher and a specialist both design and deliver instruction Alice, who has multiple physical disabilities, has a special classroom where she and a student with severe cerebral palsy are taught

Alex, who is intellectually disabled, is taught in a general education classroom, where his teacher and a specialist both design and deliver instruction

A step by step procedure for solving a problem is called a(n): Algorithm Heuristic Means-ends analysis Analogy

Algorithm

In educational psychology, a theory can best be characterized as: A description of the results of a particular research study A statement that describes how a particular variable affects learning or development An explanation of how and why learning or development occurs A theory explains how a phenomenon works. An objective measure of how a person behaves in a particular situation

An explanation of how and why learning or development occurs

Which of the following is the best description of intrinsic motivation? A type of achievement motivation in which one strives to be the best at whatever one does The innate drive to seek activities that involve social interaction and give a feeling of belonging An environmentally created reason to initiate or persist in an interaction An inherent propensity to engage in one's interests and to exercise and develop one's capacities

An inherent propensity to engage in one's interests and to exercise and develop one's capacities

What term is used to describe a reinforcement schedule that is based on time? A continuous schedule A ratio schedule An interval schedule A variable schedule

An interval schedule

A student receives a poor grade on a project and says "Its because my grandmother needed me to help her last week. I'll do better on the next one." Which of the following BEST describes what the student is demonstrating? An optimistic explanatory style A lack of performance focus A pessimistic explanatory style A lack of self-regulation

An optimistic explanatory style

Which emotion is associated with a student exhibiting learned helplessness? Enthusiasm Happiness Apathy Accomplishment

Apathy

As a beginning teacher, you may sometimes find yourself overwhelmed by the many decisions you will have to make on a daily basis. The situation will improve over time, however, because: Fellow teachers are usually more helpful and supportive later in the school year, after they've gotten to know you better. Most students know that they should behave when they have an older and more experienced teacher. As you gain experience, you will be able to make some classroom decisions more quickly and easily. Children are typically more calm and cooperative during the winter months than they are in the fall.

As you gain experience, you will be able to make some classroom decisions more quickly and easily.

You have several students in your class who speak a dialect other than Standard English. If you follow the textbook's recommendations for handling this situation, you will: Teach them to speak and write Standard English exclusively, and as quickly as possible Ask them to use Standard English in formal situations (e.g. oral reports) but encourage them to use their own dialect in other situations Allow them to use their own dialect or version of English exclusively in all school classes and activities Strongly discourage them from speaking their dialects, even when they are off school grounds

Ask them to use Standard English in formal situations (e.g. oral reports) but encourage them to use their own dialect in other situations

Which best describes the differences between self-efficacy versus mastery beliefs? Belief in your ability versus belief in ability to control the environment Setting goals versus initiating action towards those goals Being able to control outcomes versus setting reasonable goals Belief in your social skills versus belief in your academic skills

Belief in your ability versus belief in ability to control the environment

A student's self-concept is based upon Descriptions of positive role models Teacher expectations Beliefs about the students' definition of who they are Evaluations students make about their peers

Beliefs about the students' definition of who they are

Four students are sitting in the cafeteria describing their new teachers. From the perspective of the textbook, which student is describing the most effective classroom climate? Darren says, "Marianne came in late yesterday looking really upset. My teacher stopped for a minute to talk quietly with her but didn't give her too much static about being late for class." Brandon says, "My teacher is a little scary at times. When Harry came in late one day, she looked over her reading glasses at him until he crawled into his seat, and she suggested that if he was late again, he might as well not show up." Adele says, "My teacher is really cool. He pretty much lets us do our own thing. He doesn't pressure us if we don't feel like paying attention. In fact, one girl was crying in the corner the other day, and he didn't say a word to her." Chelsey says, "My teacher makes class really fun. He tells lots of jokes to make us laugh. If we don't get anything done one day, we just try to do twice as much the next day."

Chelsey says, "My teacher makes class really fun. He tells lots of jokes to make us laugh. If we don't get anything done one day, we just try to do twice as much the next day."

Jennifer feels that her students are always whining about their grades and asking her what grades she is going to give them on a certain assignment. Which of the principles of assessment might she want to consider in order to alleviate the situation? Bias Fairness Communication Growth

Communication

Sternberg's theory of intelligence postulates that intelligence is: Based primarily on classroom learning Comprised of a component that contains creativity Measured by how quickly one remembers a list of nonsense syllables The ability of people to have positive relationships

Comprised of a component that contains creativity

Flow is a desired motivation state because students who experience flow Have the ability to determine the best time to study Care more about school than about leisure activities Concentrate completely on the task at hand Rely on lessons from their teachers

Concentrate completely on the task at hand

A 9th grade English class just finished reading "A Tale of Two Cities." In order for students to clearly visualize the interrelationships among characters and make misconceptions apparent, a teacher could have his/her students construct the following: Concept map An overgeneralization scheme Hierarchy Coding system

Concept map

Which of the following best describes elaborative rehearsal? Focusing attention very selectively so that information presented only briefly can be sensed and processed Connecting meaning to information so that it is transferred into long-term memory Practicing a task repeatedly until it can be done without conscious thought Focusing attention very selectively so that information presented only briefly can be sensed and processed

Connecting meaning to information so that it is transferred into long-term memory

Which one of the following is the BEST example of problem-based learning? Learning the logic behind certain problem-solving procedures in mathematics Devising a way to move a large, heavy object using the principles of physics Solving a series of mathematical word problems that gradually progress in difficulty Learning history by reading detective novels set in certain historical eras

Devising a way to move a large, heavy object using the principles of physics

Roger has a big test coming up in two weeks. He lays out a schedule that involves studying for the test for one hour every other day. What is this an example of? Distributed practice Mnemonic strategies Depth of processing Massed practice

Distributed practice

Which one of the following is the best illustration of metacognition? Connie is preparing to take the SAT Reasoning Test, so she checks out an SAT preparation book from the local library and reads it from cover to cover Andrea is studying for a spelling test. She writes each spelling word five times in her nicest handwriting Betsy stays up late studying for a geography test. The following morning in school, she is too tired to think straight during the test Dolly is studying for a history test. She knows that she has trouble with dates, so she checks herself by giving herself a short quiz after each chapter

Dolly is studying for a history test. She knows that she has trouble with dates, so she checks herself by giving herself a short quiz after each chapter

The textbook offers several suggestions for studying a textbook effectively. Which one of the following is not necessarily recommended? Take detailed notes on the book's content. Occasionally stop and check to make sure you understand. Relate new ideas to things you already know. Draw inferences from the things you read.

Draw inferences from the things you read.

Mr. DeLisi is about to start a new biology topic completely different from any the class has done before. He thinks about which of his students would be motivated and which ones would not. He wants to maximize student engagement. Which of the following assumptions that Mr. DeLisi makes about his class and engagement is NOT true? Engagement is a stable characteristic of students and does not change It is almost impossible to learn without engagement Engagement predicts student achievement Teachers can understand how well students are motivated by monitoring engagement

Engagement is a stable characteristic of students and does not change

Teachers who model their classroom management strategies on authoritative parenting are most likely to do which one of the following? Impose strict, nonnegotiable rules for behavior Explain why certain behaviors are unacceptable Assign a lot of drill-and-practice exercises that promote automaticity Be aloof and non-emotional in interactions with students

Explain why certain behaviors are unacceptable

Cooperative learning often enhances academic achievement but it can do more. Working with students from different groups can promote positive racial attitudes and promote cross-groups friendships. Which of the following is the most helpful step a teacher can take to promote such outcomes? Assign roles to each group member with associated assignments and expectations Thoroughly explain the requirements of the assignment Assign the same grade to all group members, regardless of their contributions Explore how all members of the group can contribute to the group's success

Explore how all members of the group can contribute to the group's success

When teaching students who come from challenging circumstances, it is your responsibility to help the children succeed to the best of their ability. What is the most appropriate places to focus your concern on a daily basis? Focus on teaching while making sure you know your students individually, and have the same standards for each of them Concentrate your efforts on reaching out to the most disadvantaged students in the classroom Changing the circumstances to elevate the living standards of your school population Teach all students as though they were equally situated, so that no one is ignored

Focus on teaching while making sure you know your students individually, and have the same standards for each of them

Why do students typically react more positively to formative assessment than summative assessment? Formative assessments are designed to help students in their learning Students do not like multiple choice assessments Formative assessments are usually more fun Summative assessments are harder than formative assessments

Formative assessments are designed to help students in their learning

Mrs. Jones asks her students to tell the class about one thing they learned during a recent class trip. She hopes to encourage public speaking as well as learn about her students' interests. Several of her students have recently moved to the US, and have limited fluency in English. What should Mrs. Jones do to help these students complete the assignment successfully? Allow the students to answer last so that they can model what the other students are saying Give students notice the day before so that they have time to think about their answer and rehearse what they will say Only ask the particularly eager students Allow the ELL students to write their answers rather than speak them

Give students notice the day before so that they have time to think about their answer and rehearse what they will say

Which one of the following does the textbook suggest as a strategy teachers can use to demonstrate that they care for and respect their students? Remind students periodically that if they need someone to talk to, they should feel free to make an appointment to see the school counselor. Give every student at least three compliments every day. Take students aside individually at least once a week and ask them how things are going at home. Greet each student with a smile as he or she enters the classroom at the beginning of the day or class period.

Greet each student with a smile as he or she enters the classroom at the beginning of the day or class period.

What is the best description of the social-motivational approach to peer learning? Group rewards are based on individual accountability and productivity The assumption that students help one another because they care about one another Engaging tasks tend to focus on higher level cognitive abilities Homogeneous groupings are necessary to minimize ability differences

Group rewards are based on individual accountability and productivity

Three of the following teaching strategies should promote critical thinking. Which strategy, although beneficial in other ways, will NOT necessarily promote critical thinking skills. Have students debate a controversial topic by taking a perspective that is in direct opposition to what they actually believe Have students relate new information to things they already know about the world Ask students to read a persuasive essay and look for possible flaws in the author's line of reasoning Portray the sciences and social sciences as disciplines that will evolve as new evidence comes in

Have students relate new information to things they already know about the world

The projects for Ms. Doubleday's fourth grade class's assignment on different types of trees in the neighborhood have just been handed in. Of the 23 students in the class, only 14 were on time and only about 6 or 7 were of the quality Ms. Doubleday had hoped for. Which of the following might be the best change in the assignment for next year in order to improve performance here? Have the students hand in regular progress reports on the assignment Talk to the parents about how to help the students Replace this assignment with a paper and pencil report for students Make the assignment a larger part of the grade for the marking period

Have the students hand in regular progress reports on the assignment

Which one of the following issues is usually most important to consider when a student behaves in an unacceptable fashion in the classroom? Whether the student has been a chronic behavior problem What the misbehaving student's mood is How much the behavior disrupts learning Why the student has decided to behave that way

How much the behavior disrupts learning

Which of the following is the best example of a teacher concern with regard to classroom assessment? Will being successful on the assessment be worth the effort? How well does this assessment match state or national standards? How does a particular child compare to the rest of the students in the class? How will this test affect the grades in the class?

How well does this assessment match state or national standards?

Linus is recalling a weekend he spent with a favorite uncle. He thinks back on the list of things below. Which is an example of a semantic memory? They went on a picnic near the falls He was stung by a bee He learned how to parallel park a car His uncle told him about his great grandfather

His uncle told him about his great grandfather

Jonathan is learning to play the guitar. His guitar teacher conducts a task analysis of Jonathan's first less. Which one of the following best characterizes a behavioral task analysis of a guitar lesson? Hold the neck in the left hand, hold the pick between the right thumb and index finger, and place the fingers of the left hand on the appropriate frets Learn what the treble and bass clefs are, where the frets are located, and how to play the various chords Define the task of guitar playing, memorize the finger placements ,and retrieve prior knowledge of reading music Read and interpret written music, identify the appropriate chords, and mentally keep time

Hold the neck in the left hand, hold the pick between the right thumb and index finger, and place the fingers of the left hand on the appropriate frets

Three of the following strategies should help your students solve ill-defined problems more effectively. Which strategy is least likely to be useful to them? Suggest that they begin by brainstorming a variety of possible approaches to solving the problem. Teach them how to use the library or Internet to find any information they may need to solve the problem. Teach them to break a problem into several smaller, better-defined problems. If they get overly frustrated with the problem, give them the correct answer and explain the algorithm you used to find it.

If they get overly frustrated with the problem, give them the correct answer and explain the algorithm you used to find it.

Which one of the following students is elaborating as he takes notes in class? In his Spanish class, Hugh write each new vocabulary word in his notebook at least 3 times to help him remember it Jason uses shorthand to record everything his science teacher says, hoping that it will all make sense when he reads it later While his math teacher demonstrates a mathematical procedure on the chalkboard, Ed writes "Meet Pat after school" in the margin of his notebook In science, Frank is taking notes about how water expands when it freezes and adds, "That is why our fish tank broke when I left it outside last winter"

In science, Frank is taking notes about how water expands when it freezes and adds, "That is why our fish tank broke when I left it outside last winter"

Which of the following is the best description of a discriminative stimulus? It is an indicator to students that what is immediately to follow is important to their learning It is a signal that lets students know which students are behaving properly and which ones are misbehaving It is a cue that lets the learner expect whether reinforcement is likely or not in the situation It is a reminder given to students of how they should proceed when they have trouble deciding between two offered choices

It is a cue that lets the learner expect whether reinforcement is likely or not in the situation

Which of the following is the most likely to result in obtaining the most persistent rates of behavior? Interval schedule Ratio schedule Variable schedule Fixed schedule

Variable schedule

"I failed the test because I did not feel well." Which kind of attribution is this? Internal, unstable, controllable Internal, unstable, uncontrollable Internal stable, uncontrollable External, stable, controllable

Internal, unstable, uncontrollable

Which of the following best summarizes current thinking on the use of punishment as a technique to manage classroom behavior? It should only be used on students for whom it has been found to be effective It is about as useful and as effective as other approaches It has a valid place, but generally should be used as a last resort Its undesirable effects so outweigh its benefits that it should not be used

It has a valid place, but generally should be used as a last resort

Which one of the following is the best example of a teacher's pedagogical content knowledge? Understanding why water expands when it freezes Knowing several effective ways to teach students about negative numbers Knowing what researchers have discovered about the effectiveness of discovery learning approaches to instruction Making a reasonable guess as to why a particular student misbehaves just before lunch time every day

Knowing several effective ways to teach students about negative numbers

Creativity often involves divergent thinking. Which one of the following is the best example of divergent thinking? After reading a library book about what hamsters like to eat, Jennifer gives her pet hamster a diet of vegetables, fruit, and hamster pellets to help him grow faster Marsha builds a bookcase by following directions she found in a hobby magazine Lacking any wooden blocks to build an arch for his toy soldiers to march under, Thomas builds an arch using upside-down paper cups Frank solves several multiplication problems using a strategy he learned for solving "9s" problems

Lacking any wooden blocks to build an arch for his toy soldiers to march under, Thomas builds an arch using upside-down paper cups

Which one of the following assessments is definitely criterion-referenced? John is taking a math test with questions involving ratios. He will get 3 separate scores reflecting how much he knows about fractions, decimals, and proportions. Ivy is taking an achievement test in English. Her score will tell her how her performance compares with that of her classmates. Leon is taking a Spanish test that will determine whether he should be placed in an advanced section of Spanish II designed for students who have achieved at an especially high level in Spanish I. Karen is taking a physical fitness test in which she and her classmates run a quarter mile, and their times are compared at the end of the test.

Leon is taking a Spanish test that will determine whether he should be placed in an advanced section of Spanish II designed for students who have achieved at an especially high level in Spanish I.

What is the strongest predictor of long-term achievement in a second language? How long students have studied the second language The amount of formal schooling in the first language Age IQ score

The amount of formal schooling in the first language

Which of the following is the BEST example of a stereotype threat? Mrs. Jackson presents ridiculous examples of stereotypes and their consequences to desensitize students to such threats Martin doesn't perform well on a French tests because Mrs. London says she thinks that boys have more trouble learning French than girls do Sherry is having trouble with mathematics and decides not to take calculus in the 12th grade Edward is the last to be picked for a team because the captain believes that short people are not good basketball players

Martin doesn't perform well on a French tests because Mrs. London says she thinks that boys have more trouble learning French than girls do

One strategy for maintaining a productive classroom environment is to keep students productively engaged at all times. Three of the following practices reflect this strategy. Which one does not reflect this strategy? Mr. Aguilar keeps his art lesson moving along at a steady pace Ms. Cunitz makes sure that all the equipment students need for their science lab is ready for them before they arrive. Ms. Barnard takes time out from her math lesson to help Sam with a difficult concept until he thoroughly understands it. Mr. Dunbar plans several simple activities for his students on their first day of kindergarten.

Mr. Aguilar keeps his art lesson moving along at a steady pace

Which one of the following high school teachers clearly has high self-efficacy about his or her teaching? Ms. Bouthot has a hypothesis about why some students in her English class rarely turn in their assignments. Ms. Crosby insists that students complete their math homework using a particular format. Mr. Abbot thinks that teaching is simply a matter of reading textbook passages aloud to his history class Mr. Driver is confident that he can get even seemingly "unmotivated" students excited about science.

Mr. Driver is confident that he can get even seemingly "unmotivated" students excited about science.

Only one of the teachers below is using a strategy consistent with general recommendations regarding the use of homework. Which one is using the recommended strategy? Mr. Reich assigns 20 extra math problems after he learns that his class has misbehaved for a substitute teacher Mr. Fox gives students an optional assignment - homework they can do if they want to Ms. Hewitt counts homework as being worth 50% of students' final grades Mr. Trahan gives his students a challenging writing assignment and suggests that they ask their parents to help them with it at home

Mr. Fox gives students an optional assignment - homework they can do if they want to

Which one of the following is the BEST example of a discovery learning approach to instruction? Mr. Tzeng gives his students a free day to spend in the library reading about whatever subjects they like Mr. Wicker takes his science students to a tide pool and asks them to describe and categorize the different life forms they find there Ms. Haxten instructs her drama students to think about what their characters are like as they memorize their lines for a play Ms. Markowitz instructs her students to take notes during her lecture, she then goes over the notes with them to make sure they understand the material

Mr. Wicker takes his science students to a tide pool and asks them to describe and categorize the different life forms they find there

From the perspective of the textbook, which one of the following classrooms best illustrates effective classroom management? While Mr. Alton works with a reading group, most of his other students are doing their assigned seatwork, although a handful of them are giggling in the corner about something that happened in the lunchroom earlier. While Ms. Carrera sits at her desk in the front of the classroom, her students are doing assignments independently at their desks. As long as the classroom is quiet, she overlooks the whispering, note passing, and mindless doodling that is occurring. Ms. Demaine's students are busily working on their math assignments in groups of three or four students each. The classroom gets a bit noisy at times when a group disagrees about how to do a problem. In his physical education class, Mr. Berg works with the students who seem truly interested in learning the long jump. Those students who don't want to try the jump are allowed to sit on the sidelines and talk quietly among themselves.

Ms. Demaine's students are busily working on their math assignments in groups of three or four students each. The classroom gets a bit noisy at times when a group disagrees about how to do a problem.

Which of the following teacher behaviors should be the MOST effective in fostering the development of metacognitive strategies and epistemic beliefs for science lessons? Mr. Antelyes gives students a set of instructions to follow that will allow them to build a working robot Ms. Flanagan gives students a set of guiding questions to ask themselves as they conduct a class experiment Mr. Kyu asks students to develop hypotheses to test based on their individual prior knowledge Ms. Kriyzak requires students to search the internet for previous research related to the experiment they plan to conduct

Ms. Flanagan gives students a set of guiding questions to ask themselves as they conduct a class experiment

Sociocultural theory suggests that, with development, children acquire many cognitive tools of their culture. Which teacher is most clearly applying this idea? Ms. Norquist smiles to show her approval when students listen quietly and politely during a guest speaker's visit Ms. Turiel shows students how to graph their research results so that they can more easily see trends in the data Mr. Shaw reminds his students that he will let them go to lunch after they have put away their art supplies Mr. Cabot demonstrates how to use a paper cutter safely

Ms. Turiel shows students how to graph their research results so that they can more easily see trends in the data

Carrie enjoys being on the editing team but she is taken off when she inadvertently utters an obscene word during a discussion. Carrie's removal from the team is an example of: Reinforcement of an incompatible behavior Negative punishment Negative reinforcement Positive punishment

Negative punishment

The main difference between negative reinforcement and negative punishment is that: Negative punishment takes something away Both decrease behavior Negative reinforcement is similar to negative punishment Negative reinforcement increases behavior whereas negative punishment decreases it

Negative reinforcement increases behavior whereas negative punishment decreases it

The Law of Effect suggests that if a child is playing with a dog and the dog growls angrily at the child, the child will: Call her mother Not play with the dog Ignore the dog's growling Continue playing with the dog

Not play with the dog

In which one of the following ways are students most likely to benefit from knowing the instructional objectives of a lesson? Objectives tell them what is expected of them and so can help them direct their studying efforts Objectives give them a good idea of what their grades are going to be Objectives enable them to predict how their teacher will teach the lesson so they know what to expect Objectives let them know what questions are going to be on the next exam

Objectives tell them what is expected of them and so can help them direct their studying efforts

A teacher always asks students to ponder questions about what they know about a topic, how well they know they have reached their goal, and whether they are moving to a solution. What is he attempting to do? Support working memory Promote metacognition Increase attention Enhance long term memory

Promote metacognition

Which of the following is a key feature of a cognitive elaboration approach to peer learning? Social skills and cooperation are emphasized as much as content Peer elaboration is used to increase the performance of basic information processing activities Students are motivated to participate by working towards group recognition and reward Students help each other because they care about one another

Peer elaboration is used to increase the performance of basic information processing activities

Lee finds that he cannot concentrate on his reading because the people next door are talking too loudly and the walls are thin. He is having trouble with what aspect of memory? Visuospatial sketchpad Maintenance rehearsal Phonological loop system Serial position

Phonological loop system

Bill has two cookies he is planning to eat. His older brother takes one and eats it. Bill kicks his older brother for taking his cookie. What is this an example of? Negative punishment Negative reinforcement Positive reinforcement Positive punishment

Positive punishment

Three of the following strategies can help promote a sense of community in the classroom. Which strategy is least likely to promote this sense of community? Encouraging prosocial behavior Providing opportunities for students to tutor one another on difficult subject matter Incorporating students' ideas into classroom discussions Publicly praising students who show the highest academic achievement

Publicly praising students who show the highest academic achievement

Mr. Johnson teaches in a school where most students receive free or reduced cost lunches (i.e., low socioeconomic students). He knows that many of his students do not get help with their homework. Mr. Johnson plans to develop personal relationships with his students and make sure that they know he has high expectations for them, and will be there to help them achieve them. These plans are examples of promoting which of the following in his students? Resilience Safety Anxiety Scaffolding

Resilience

Ms. Rivera wants to try out the STAD learning approach in her history class. She is working on helping her students understand that there are multiple interpretations of most historical issues. According to the text, what might be a problem Ms. Rivera will encounter? Social cohesion approaches work best in social studies STAD works best for lower level skills Students do not work well together in history classes Students do not have the skills to understand material at this level

STAD works best for lower level skills

Based on IQ scores, the probability that a student would be considered gifted or intellectually challenged is the: More likely Same Cannot tell Less likely

Same

What is a good example of the achievement gap? A Latino student whose tests scores are typically the lowest in the clsas Asian students in a particular high school have low motivation for performing well in the visual arts No matter how hard he tries, Matthew cannot do as well in mathematics as his twin sister Rachel Scores for African Americans lag behind national averages

Scores for African Americans lag behind national averages

A teacher presents a series of instructions but finds that the students tend to remember only the first thing she said and the last. Which of the following would be the best explanation of what is happening here? Sensory memory Interference Serial position effect Decay

Serial position effect

When considering students' cultural and ethnic backgrounds, it is important to keep in mind that: Some students may simultaneously be active participants in two or more cultural groups Students' need to belong to the mainstream Western culture is almost always stronger than their ethnic identities In the elementary grades, students typically have little conscious awareness that their ethnic backgrounds might be different from those of their classmates Students' ethnic identities are almost always stronger than their need to belong to the mainstream Western culture

Some students may simultaneously be active participants in two or more cultural groups

Ms. Smythe keeps Eric after school whenever he swears in class. Even though Eric has been kept after school each day for the last three weeks, his swearing has increased rather than decreased. Given what we know about the effects of punishment on behavior, Ms. Smythe should probably conclude that: Staying after school is reinforcing for Eric Eric's swearing will decrease eventually Her punishment is only temporarily suppressing Eric's behavior The punishment is too severe

Staying after school is reinforcing for Eric

Steven has just learned how to consult an index when searching the encyclopedia for information on a specific topic. Which of the following of Steven's behaviors is MOST indicative of low-road transfer? Steven learns the location of each topic in the encyclopedia, so he no longer has to use the index Steven automatically turns to the back of his science book to help him find information on atomic structure Steven teaches his friend Bobby how to use the index of the same encyclopedia Steven records the information he finds in the index so he doesn't have to return to find the same information in the same book

Steven automatically turns to the back of his science book to help him find information on atomic structure

Mr. Smart tells his students that they can do whatever they want for the first ten minutes of class, but they must then turn their attention to the day's assignment. The students are delighted with their ten minutes of free time but do not subsequently attend to the assignment when it is time for them to do so. From an instrumental or operant conditioning perspective, what mistake has Mr. Smart made? Free time is not an effective reinforcer for most students. He has used negative reinforcement instead of positive reinforcement. The "reinforcer" is not contingent on the response. Reinforcement is not immediate.

The "reinforcer" is not contingent on the response.

In the peer learning literature, what does the concept of interdependence mean? Students need to use each other's ideas Students of similar ability work together Students' accomplishments are linked Students' learning preferences are used to pair them in their work

Students' accomplishments are linked

Which of the following statements best characterizes cognitive psychology's approach to learning? Students' learning is a function of what they do mentally with the information they receive Students' learning is a function of how stimuli in the environment are organized and sequenced Students are most likely to learn the thing they thing they will be reinforced for learning Students learn through a series of either-or decisions similar to how computers operate

Students' learning is a function of what they do mentally with the information they receive

Mrs. O'Malley has decided to make a mural in her third grade classroom with each child in the class engaged in his or her favorite activity. Which of the functions of classroom environments does this activity relate to? Pleasure Symbolic identification Task instrumentality Security and shelter

Symbolic identification

Students often hold on stubbornly to their misconceptions about the world. Three of the following are explanations as to why this might be true. What statement is NOT a likely explanation for the resilience of misconceptions? Students elaborate on new information in ways that are consistent with their current misconceptions Students learn school material without relating it to things they know Synapses in the brain become less effective over time Some misconceptions are central elements of students' personally constructed theories about the world

Synapses in the brain become less effective over time

Public opinion polls tell us that most people think classrooms should be English only. What does the current research say about this issue? Teaching students exclusively in English causes them to prefer subjects that are primarily mathematical in nature Teaching students in their primary language leads them never to develop skills in English English-speaking students prefer teachers use a mix of English and other languages Teaching students in their primary language reinforces the cognitive systems used to learn English

Teaching students in their primary language reinforces the cognitive systems used to learn English

Cooperative and peer learning activities primarily involve children working on a task. The teacher in a cooperative learning setting also has many roles. Which of the following is NOT a role for a teacher in a cooperative learning setting? Team participant Preparer of learning activities Community builder Task developer

Team participant

English Language Learners (ELLs) are less likely to be in gifted and talented programs than their English speaking classmates. What most likely causes this discrepancy? Schools feel that these students should focus on learning English quickly Tests that determine placement in gifted and talented programs are typically in English ELL students choose not to enter these programs Gifted and talented programs are not able to accommodate students who do not speak English

Tests that determine placement in gifted and talented programs are typically in English

A parent notices that his child is interested in reading and says "It is great that you read so much and important that you continue to do so. For each book you read, I'll give you an extra $5 allowance each week." What is the likely impact of this? The extrinsic motivation will not impact the child's overall motivation level, as the child is already intrinsically motivated to read The extrinsic motivation that the parent provides will decrease the child's intrinsic motivation to read The child will use the money that the parent is providing to buy books related to his or her particular interests The extrinsic motivation will combine with the child's intrinsic motivation to read, producing an even greater level of motivation

The extrinsic motivation that the parent provides will decrease the child's intrinsic motivation to read

What is a participation structure? The physical environment in which teams work The nature of the task that students in a group are supposed to master The set of rules that define how a group will work The beginning of a team activity where members work out their roles

The set of rules that define how a group will work

Baddeley's model of working memory includes An executive system that does everything Only the visuospatial sketchpad The visuospatial sketchpad and the phonological loop

The visuospatial sketchpad and the phonological loop

Mr. D'Ambrosio is working on developing higher order skills with his students using a cognitive elaboration approach. Which of the following pieces of information about his students might be the most useful? How they respond to rewards and praise Their prior knowledge and schemas Their attitudes towards team building and social skills Level of interest in the new topic

Their prior knowledge and schemas

From the social cohesion perspective, why do students help one another? They are rewarded or recognized for the performance of the group as a whole They care about one another They cannot achieve their goal unless everyone in the group does They avoid experiencing cognitive conflict

They care about one another

Which of the following is one of the hidden costs of providing rewards to students for performance? They distract the learner's attention away from the material to be learned and towards getting the reward They decrease the likelihood of students developing a strong sense of self-regulation They get the teacher engaged in too closely monitoring the efforts and behaviors for achievement They help students understand which is valued and what is not in the classroom

They distract the learner's attention away from the material to be learned and towards getting the reward

What is the primary purpose of an Individualized Education Plan (IEP)? To provide a comprehensive plan of instruction for students with special needs To advise teachers on how to modify assessments for students with learning disabilities To help regular classroom teachers effectively mainstream children into their classrooms To ensure that all children have an educational plan tailored to their needs

To provide a comprehensive plan of instruction for students with special needs

During instruction on the American Civil War, a teacher emphasizes names, date, places, and the chronology of the battles of the war. But in the assessment, there is an essay that requires students to lay out the underlying causes of the war. Which of the following best describes the fairness issue on this test? Validity Reliability Bias Justification

Validity

In a science lesson on heat, Ms. Jones explains that heat is the result of molecules moving back and forth very quickly and that gases are heated more quickly than liquids. The next day she asks her class the following four questions. Which one requires a complex cognitive process? Who can remember yesterday's discussion about heat? Why is it cooler near the ocean on a hot summer day? Which one is heated more quickly- a gas or a liquid? What is heat?

Why is it cooler near the ocean on a hot summer day?

Three of the following are accurate statements regarding epistemic beliefs. Which statement is NOT accurate? Students who believe that learning is a slow gradual process are more likely to persist in their efforts to understand classroom material Young children are apt to believe that conflicting points of view on a topic may be equally valid; as they get older, they become increasingly convinced that one perspective is almost invariably more valid than others As students move through the high-school years, some of them increasingly begin to realize that mastering academic content involves understanding concepts and their interrelationships rather than memorizing facts Students who view learning as an active, constructive process are more likely to undergo conceptual change when it is warranted

Young children are apt to believe that conflicting points of view on a topic may be equally valid; as they get older, they become increasingly convinced that one perspective is almost invariably more valid than others

Three of the following are accurate statements about epistemic beliefs. Which statement is not accurate? Students who believe that learning is a slow, gradual process are more likely to persist in their efforts to understand classroom material As students move through the high school years, some of them increasingly begin to realize that mastering academic subject matter involves understanding concepts and their interrelationships rather than memorizing discrete facts. Students who view learning as an active, constructive process are more likely to undergo conceptual change when it is warranted Young children are apt to believe that conflicting points of view on a topic may be equally valid; as they get older, they become increasingly convinced that one perspective is almost invariably more valid than others.

Young children are apt to believe that conflicting points of view on a topic may be equally valid; as they get older, they become increasingly convinced that one perspective is almost invariably more valid than others.

Which one of the following is the best example of positive transfer? Robert is trying to learn the spelling of the word "shepherd." He remembers how he learned how to spell "lighthouse" by putting 2 words together and writes "sheepherd." Zelda uses the formula for calculating the area of circles when she wants to figure out how much bigger a 10-inch pizza is than a 7-inch pizza David is trying to learn a computer program. He reads his programming manual but is confused by some of its instructions Vince notices that rules of grammar are not always the same in English and Japanesse

Zelda uses the formula for calculating the area of circles when she wants to figure out how much bigger a 10-inch pizza is than a 7-inch pizza

Mr. French is planning an upcoming unit on adjectives and adverbs. He begins by determining what he ultimately wants students to know and be able to do at the end of the unit. He then creates an assignment that will effectively measure such knowledge and skills. Finally, he designs a series of lessons that will help students perform well on the assignment. Mr. French's approach can best be described as: a backward design learner-directed instruction direct instruction an authentic activity

a backward design

Which of the following are you LEAST likely to see in direct instruction? opportunities to practice a skill independently frequent teacher feedback review of previously learned material a heated discussion of controversial issues

a heated discussion of controversial issues

A researcher is interested in examining students' understanding and recall of texts. She gives students a series of texts to read (either essays or stories matched on critical variables such as length and grade level and presented randomly) and trains assistants to score and count up the exact number of correct "idea units" (or unique phrases) students recall from each text. The researcher also interviews students after they have read each text to examine their thoughts on why each was easy or difficult to understand. The researcher records students' responses and trains assistants to examine students' answers for different themes. The researcher's study would fit best into the category of: a quantitative study. a qualitative study. a quasi-experimental study. a mixed-methods study

a mixed-methods study

As the concept of an intelligence quotient was originally conceived, which information is needed in order to calculate it? the number of items the person completes correctly and his/her factor score the number of items that a person completes correctly a person's mental age and his/her academic achievement a person's mental age and his/her chronological age

a person's mental age and his/her chronological age

The following question would be an example of which kind of objective from Bloom's taxonomy? "Calculate the area of a rectange that is 2" high and 7" long. evaluation application synthesis comprehension

application

Expository organizers remind you of what you already know are actually just statements of historical or background information bring already existing schemas into working memory provide new knowledge that students will need to understand upcoming information

bring already existing schemas into working memory

Mr. Abruzzo gives his high-school math students word problems that include both relevant and irrelevant information. He most likely uses this instructional strategy to encourage students to: recognize that math problems can have many different answers construct their own strategies for solving a problem see that math can be used in many different authentic settings encode the problems appropriately before attempting to solve them

encode the problems appropriately before attempting to solve them

Leanne is teaching a world history class and wants to know if the students can take the underlying ideas of understanding the Renaissance and apply them to current events. What would be the best item format for Leanne to choose? portfolio multiple choice matching essay

essay

Which of the following best describes characteristics of children with autism? impaired communication, impaired social responsiveness, and mental retardation impaired communication, impaired social responsiveness, and savant skills impaired communication, impaired social responsiveness and ritualistic behavior impaired social responsiveness, ritualistic behavior, mental retardation

impaired communication, impaired social responsiveness and ritualistic behavior

Richard is studying both French and Spanish. In the same week, he learns that the French word for "mother" is mère and that the Spanish word for "mother" is madre. One day his French teacher asks Richard (in French), "Who is married to your father?" and Richard erroneously answers, "Madre." Richard's memory error can best be explained in terms of: decay failure to store. insufficient wait time interference

interference

What is the primary purposes of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)? it ensures that all public schools comply with building codes that make them accessible to students with physical disabilities it guarantees an education to students with cognitive, emotional, and physical disabilities and establishes educational policies for that purpose it provides funding for grants to schools that demonstrate excellence in their special education programs. it declares that schools have a responsibility to educate all students about the civil rights of people with disabilities

it guarantees an education to students with cognitive, emotional, and physical disabilities and establishes educational policies for that purpose

The following question would be an example of which kind of objective from Bloom's taxonomy? "What is the capital of Sierre Leone?" analysis synthesis knowledge application

knowledge

Which of the following has been shown to be effective in reducing the number of children being classified as having special needs? using a different approach to the assessment of intelligence pre-referral interventions using behavioral approaches to working with classified children involving the classroom teacher in the IEP process

pre-referral interventions

A hypothesis is used to: predict the outcome of a research study interpret the results of a research study outline the process used in a research study provide the basis for explanation of a research phenomenon

predict the outcome of a research study

The third marking period is almost over in Mr. Carsten's American history class. He has given one multiple choice exam over the major unit of the period but has no other information on student achievement. Which aspect of the principles of grading and assessment is a major concern here? growth bias reliability communication

reliability

Seth has always been interested in railway systems. Since he was young, he was fascinated with types of trains, train routes, train museums and reading about the different rail systems that run in different countries. Seth has a well developed ___________ for railway systems. script schema context historical base

schema

Many students in Ms. Janklow's class seem to have little intrinsic motivation for learning math, science, or social studies. Their minds are more apt to be on peer relationships (who the "popular kids" are, who bullies whom on the playground, etc.) than on their studies. Without knowing anything else about Ms. Janklow's students, your best guess would be that they are: seventh graders. second graders kindergartners fourth graders.

seventh graders.

In semantic memory, what does a proposition refer to? Verbal knowledge about what, not tied to particular experiences smallest unit of meaning or knowledge that can be verified as true or false A skill practiced so often that it can be demonstrated without conscious thought The contextual details of an event, usually involving senses such as sights and sounds

smallest unit of meaning or knowledge that can be verified as true or false

Given research on effective study skills, which one of the following pieces of advice should you NOT give to a struggling student? Write a brief summary of what you have learned Test yourself on what you have read Identify the main ideas in what you are reading Take notes on a lecture only after it is over

take notes on a lecture only after it is over

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary symptoms associated with attention deficit disorder (ADD)? rarely following instructions easy distraction by other students the inability to memorize material the inability to control impulses

the inability to memorize material