Educational Research Ch 1-9 Quiz Review

Order of 1-6 steps in the process of research

1. Identify a research problem 2. Reviewing the literature 3. Specifying a purpose 4. Collecting data 5. Analyzing and interpreting data 6. Reporting and evaluating research

What is the TARGET Range for the final number of codes to have in a qualitative study?

25 to 30

Which of the following is the BEST example of a document collected by qualitative researchers?

A journal of experiences

Examine this passage from a qualitative study: "Our involvement in this study with serendipitous, for one of us had been employed by the correctional facility and therefore had direct experience with gunmen such as the individual in our case; the other was a University of Iowa graduate and thus familiar with the setting and circumstances surrounding another violent incident there in 1992." What point of view is represented in this passage?

A personal point of view

How would you distinguish between a research report and a research proposal?

A proposal is a plan for conducting a study

What feature distinguishes a quantitative proposal for a thesis from a qualitative proposal for a thesis?

A quantitative proposal has a more fully developed and separate review of the literature

A confounding variable is: a variable that cannot be easily explained, a variable that contradicts what one expects to find, a variable that cannot be directly measured, a variable that affects or impacts an outcome?

A variable that cannot be directly measured

If a researcher sets the alpha at .05 and obtains a p value of .06, this means that a null hypothesis would

fail to reject

When inspecting data, we examine the database for scores that are:

missing

A qualitative researcher discusses how she came to compose the narrative and the reasons for her stance in the study, this is an example of standard:

participatory evaluation standards

A qualitative study should be evaluated in terms of whether the researcher respects the sacredness of the relationship with the participants, this is an example of standard:

philosophical evaluation standards

A qualitative researcher should engage in extensive data collection using multiple sources of information, this is an example of standard:

procedural evaluation standards

A qualitative study should be evaluated in terms of whether the researcher includes the multiple levels of data analysis, this is an example of standard:

procedural evaluation standards

From the following list, select the most important item to include on an interview protocol

prompts to record fieldnotes

The literature review in the beginning of a quantitative study helps to:

provide a rationale for the study

Examine the following statement found in the conclusion to a quantitative research study: "One reason why the results were insignificant may be due to the small size of the sample and the use of a convenience, rather than a random, probability sample." This stamen indicate that the researcher is

providing an explanation for the results

Individuals are selected so that the researcher can best understand a phenomenon is an example of ______ sampling

purposeful

Individuals are selected so that the researcher can develop understanding is an example of ____ sampling

purposeful

Indicate whether it is a characteristic more applicable to quantitative or qualitative research or both: Analysis by themes

qualitative

Indicate whether it is a characteristic more applicable to quantitative or qualitative research or both: Biased reporting

qualitative

Indicate whether it is a characteristic more applicable to quantitative or qualitative research or both: Questions to elicit participants' experiences

qualitative

Indicate whether it is a characteristic more applicable to quantitative or qualitative research or both: Small number of individuals studied

qualitative

Indicate whether it is a characteristic more applicable to quantitative or qualitative research or both: Comparison of results with predictions

quantitative

Indicate whether it is a characteristic more applicable to quantitative or qualitative research or both: Major role of the literature

quantitative

Indicate whether it is a characteristic more applicable to quantitative or qualitative research or both: Standard and fixed writing structure

quantitative

Indicate whether it is a characteristic more applicable to quantitative or qualitative research or both: Use of predetermined instruments

quantitative

A preliminary exploratory analysis of a qualitative database means that you are

reading through it to obtain a general sense of the data

If the probability value is less than or equal to the significance level, then you

reject the null hypothesis

The point at which themes are fully developed and new evidence is not likely to provide additional themes is

saturation

Assume that a researcher wants to select individuals from a population so that an equal number of people from different ethnic groups are selected. The procedure the researcher would use is called:

stratified sampling

If you decide to design your own instrument for quantitative data collection rather than modify or locate an existing instrument, you should know that:

the instrument will reflect your own biases, the instrument will be difficult to design, your advisor will need to give approval

When inputting data into a computer program for data analysis "values" are:

the response options to variables you are trying to measure

A research study contains in-depth interviews with participants based on a set of questions designed by the researchers. From the data, the authors specify a number of themes and then follow up with a brief survey to elicit attitudes. What is this study mostly?

Qualitative

A researcher seeks to explore how elementary students experience being assessed in math at the 4th grade level. Prior theories provide little guidance about what the researcher would expect to find. Students have shown some anxiety during testing. This research problem is best studied using a

Qualitative approach

Individuals are selected so that the researcher can generalize to the population an example of _____ sampling.

Random

One recommendation for writing research in a sensitive way is to use specific terms for persons that are accurate, clear, and free to bias. What example below is the best example of this practice?

Referring to "children diagnosed with ADHS"

When writing a narrative discussion in a qualitative study, which of the following points is most important?

Report multiple perspectives

Identify the best approach to locate literature for a literature review?

Run searches of several online databases

What is the form of a qualitative research report that emphasizes five major categories of information and is most similar to a quantitative research study?

Scientific approach

What is the most rigorous sampling procedure that a quantitative researcher could use?

Simple random sampling

What are the advantages of using focus groups in qualitative research?

They yield useful interactive information

At which step in the research process should researchers consider potential ethical issues?

Throughout the research study

Which one of the following is NOT a variable: self-concept of 7th graders, age of seniors, gender, or United States stereotype?

United States stereotype

What is the process in which the researcher determines the accuracy or credibility of findings?

Validation

Research reported to policy makers is characterized by

a short executive summary

Individuals are selected to be representative of a population is an example of ____ sampling

random

The standard deviation tells us

the spread of the scores

A stakeholder with an interest in your study asks you to highlight the positive results and leave out the negative results. What type of ethical issue have you breached if you follow the request?

The honest reports of research

Which of the following BEST describes a "gatekeeper" in qualitative research?

The individual who helps locate people and provides entrance to the site

Qualitative researchers do not typically refer to "bias". What is the reason for not using the word "bias"?

The need to incorporate researchers' personal assessment views

Under what circumstances would a qualitative researcher engage in sampling after a study begins?

The researcher asks participants to recommend others

As you compare quantitative and qualitative research studies, the type of data collected is often a clue as to whether it is quantitative or qualitative study T/F?

True

Research is like a railroad track with subject matter and research process tracks running side by side:

True

What type of ethical issues does collecting email messages introduce a qualitative research?

Whether you have permission to use their message

Which one of the following is the best reason to hand analyze your qualitative data?

You want to be close to the data

You plan to study and observe an adult literacy classroom at a local community college. What approach to observation would you probably first use when you go into the classroom?

You would sit quietly at the back of the room and observe

Which of the following is an example of a elaboration probe?

"Tell me more."

You are administering an instrument about weapon possession to high school students in a drama class. As you give instructions for completing the instrument, several students interrupt you and say that they will not complete the instrument. What should be your course of action?

Allow them to not participate in the study

An individual who has completed your research survey instrument has not responded to questions 10 and has chosen to leave it blank. For purposes of quantitative data analysis, how would you respond to this issue?

Assign a value for missing information such as an average

What is the form of a qualitative research report that provides a detailed account of people and places to carry the narrative?

Descriptive approach

Various forms of evidence can be used to establish the validity of scores on an instrument. Which of the following forms is a source of validity evidence that you might use?

Evidence based on the relationship of test scores to external variables

Which of the following is a typical field issue that interviewers may encounter in a qualitative research?

Filtering the views of interviews through the interviewers' lens

Examine the following quantitative purpose statement: "The purpose of this study is to examine the junior high students social interactions and their effect on self-esteem in one metropolitan school district." What is the independent, dependent variable? Who are the participants?

Independent variable is social interaction because it will affect self-esteem, the dependent variable is self-esteem because it is dependent on the social interactions being observed. The participants in the study are junior high students.

The difference between a hypothesis and a research questions is that the hypothesis? Tells what the researcher will find, hypothesizes the relationship among variables, is a prediction of the results of the study, requires statistical testing in a research study?

Is a prediction of the results of the study

Indicate the purpose of using a narrative hook in the introduction to a study

It encourages the reader to continue to read on

Of the reasons cited below, indicate which on is NOT an important reason for developing a literature map for a review of the literature?

It helps you map your reference page

Which one of the reasons below is the best over-all argument for why research is important?

It informs policy makers about important issues

Select the best reason below for why a purpose statement is important? It justifies the problem for the reader, it informs the reader of the central ideas addressed in your study, it provides the reader with the question you are attempting to answer, it informs the reader of your predictions about relationship among attributes?

It informs the reader of the central ideas addressed in your study

The use of the literature in a qualitative study tends to differ from its use in a quantitative study in what way?

It may have fewer references to the literature in the proposal

Which of the following validation strategies involves the researcher asking one or more participants in the study to check the accuracy of the account?

Member checking

Ethical issues often arise in collecting qualitative data. Which one of the following situations may raise an ethical issue in qualitative research?

Participants may disclose sensitive information during interviews

A graduate student plant to conduct a study about the use of computers in the middle school classroom. To obtain permission for this study, the student visits with the head of research and evaluation in the school district, the principal of the middle school, and the university institutional review board. What permission is also needed before the student begins the study?

Permission form parents of the students

Qualitative researchers DO NOT use qualitative analysis computer programs to

analyze a small data set

The following steps are procedures in quantitative data analysis EXCEPT

analyzing the differences among themes

Indicate whether it is a characteristic more applicable to quantitative or qualitative research or both: Justification of the research problem

both quantitative and qualitative