EEMB 3: midterm 2

There are approximately ___ species of ferns A) 12,000 B) 120 C) 1,200 D) 120,000 E) 1.2 million

A) 12,000

Angiosperms and their animal pollinators have co-evolved in the terrestrial environment for A) 130 million yrs B) 1.3 million yrs C) 500 million yrs D) 13 million yrs E) 130,000 yrs

A) 130 million yrs

Bird pollinated flowers... A) are often red and odorless B) have characteristic odors C) have conspicuous markings that are evident only in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum D) are always grouped in an inflorescence E) none of these

A) are often red and odorless

Which of the following characters were important adaptations that allowed plants to evolve to live on land? A) cuticle B) photosynthesis C) alternation of generations D) flowers E) none of above

A) cuticle

In angiosperms, two male gametes contained within a single male gametophyte participate in fertilization. One sperm nucleus combines with the egg to produce a diploid zygote, and the other sperm nucleus combines with two other haploid nuclei of the female gametophyte. This process is called A) double fertilization B) multiple fertilization C) multiple paternity D) biparental fertilization E) biparental inheritance

A) double fertilization

Which of the following sex and generation combinations directly produces the fruit of angiosperms? A) female sporophyte B) male sporophyte C) female gametophyte D) male gametophyte

A) female sporophyte

Which of the following represents the most ancient surviving land plant lineage? A) liverworts B) hornworts C) mosses D) ferns E) none of above

A) liverworts

Fossil vascular plants can be recognized by the presence of A) tracheids B) antheridia C) archegonia D) protonema E) vessels

A) tracheids

Although Earth is estimated to be 4.5 billion years old, and although life first appeared about 4 billion years ago, plants did not appear until about ___ years ago A) 34 billion B) 400-500 million C) 40-50 million D) 34 million E) 400,000 - 500,000

B) 400-500 million

Sporangia can be identified as part of the fossil Rhynia because meiosis produces A) two haploid cells B) four haploid cells C) two haploid cells, but only one is functional D) four haploid cells, but only one is functional E) two diploid cells, but they remain attached

B) four haploid cells

Key features of seed plants facilitating life on land include three of the following four traits. Select the exception. A) pollen B) homospory C) reduced gametophytes D) seeds

B) homospory

Plants with wind-pollinated flowers tend to have A) smooth stigmas B) larges quantities of pollen C) pollination before the bud opens D) larges quantities of nectar E) colorful petals

B) large quantities of pollen

The integuments of the ovule develop into the ___, and the carpels ultimately become the wall of the ___ A) cotyledons; fruit B) seed coats; fruit C) endosperm; seed coats D) cotyledons; seed coats E) cotyledons; endosperm

B) seed coats; fruit

Within the tracheophytes the larges, prominent plant is the ____; in the non-tracheophytes it is the ___ A) gametophyte; sporophyte B) sporophyte; gametophyte C) gametophyte; gametophyte D) sporophyte; sporophyte E) none of above

B) sporophyte; gametophyte

A universal feature of the life cycles of plants is: A) morphologically identical gametophyte and sporophyte stages B) genetically identical gametophyte and sporophyte stages C) alternation of generations between haploid gametophytes and diploid sporophytes D) all of above E) none of above

C) alternation of generations between haploid gametophytes and diploid sporophytes

all plants produce ___ by mitosis and ___ by meiosis A) spores; gametes B) gametes; gametes C) gametes; spores D) spores; spores E) spores; gametes and spores

C) gametes; spores

A seed of a flowering plant or gymnosperm may contain tissues from ___ generation(s) A) one B) two C) three D) four E) five

C) three

Which of the following is not a structure or characteristic that enables the non-tracheophytes to obtain water and minerals in the absence of a vascular system? A) growth in dense masses through which water can move by capillary action B) leaflike structures that catch and hold water that splashes onto them C) small size, which allows minerals to be distributed evenly by diffusion D) an extensive root system E) none of above

D) an extensive root system

The megaphyll found in ferns and seed plants is thought to have evolved A) from sterile sporangia B) by the process of meiosis C) by the process of heterospory D) by the process of overtopping E) spontaneously

D) by the process of overtopping

The most abundant gymnosperm phylum today contains the cone-bearing plants, such as pines. These plants belong to which phylum? A) cycadophyta B) ginkgophyta C) gnetophyta D) coniferophyta E) none of above

D) coniferophyta

Which phylum fits the following description: The palm-like plants of the tropics; the least changed group of the present-day gymnosperms A) gnetophyta B) angiospermae C) ginkgophyta D) cycadophyta E) coniferophyta

D) cycadophyta

There has been a change in the dominant vegetation since plants first invaded the terrestrial environment about 400-500mya. What was the order in which these vegetation types were dominant, from earliest to most current? A) gymnosperms; horsetails, lycopods, and ferns; angiosperms B) horsetails, lycopods, and ferns; angiosperms; gymnosperms C) angiosperms; horsetails, lycopods, and ferns; gymnosperms D) horsetails, lycopods, and ferns; gymnosperms; angiosperms E) angiosperms; gymnosperms; horsetails, lycopods, and ferns

D) horsetails, lycopods, and ferns; gymnosperms; angiosperms

The generative cell of male angiosperm gametophytes is haploid. This cell divides to produce two haploid sperm cells. What type of cell division does the generative cell undergo to produce these sperm cells? A) binary fission B) meiosis without subsequent cytokinesis C) meiosis D) mitosis

D) mitosis

One important consequence of the evolution of xylem was the development of a mechanism for A) sugar transport B) sperm transport C) preventing of water evaporation D) rigid structural support E) none of above

D) rigid structural support

The bryophytes (mosses) are dependent on water for reproduction because A) sperm are passively transported to eggs by water B) gametogenesis occurs only when the plants are moist C) eggs and sperm are released into water and then unite D) sperm must swim through water to reach and fertilize eggs E) none of above

D) sperm must swim through water to reach and fertilize eggs

Which of the following is not a characteristic of plants? A) development from embryos protected by tissues of the parent plant B) cell walls containing cellulose C) cholorplasts containing chlorophylls a and b D) starch as the storage carbohydrate E) anaerobic respiration

E) anaerobic respiration

The function of the pollen tube is to... A) direct pollen to the megasporangium B) produce pollen C) attract animals to the plant to spread the pollen D) eject pollen from the microsporangium E) digest the sporophyte tissue as it elongates toward the female gametophyte

E) digest the sporophyte tissue as it elongates toward the female gametophyte

Which phylum fits the following description: Represented today by a single species; common during the Mesozoic era; plants have fan-shaped leaves A) coniferophyta B) gnetophyta C) angiospermae D) cycadophyta E) ginkgophyta

E) ginkgophyta

200 million years ago, when dinosaurs inhabited Earth, ___ were the dominant vegetation A) lycopods and ferns B) angiosperms C) horsetails and tree ferns D) early whisk ferns E) gymnosperms

E) gymnosperms