ehh psy last ass. anf final

The volunteer participants in Solomon Asch's experiment on conformity conformed to group pressure to select the incorrect answer approximately ________ percent of the time.

35

Which of the following statements is true of stereotype threat?

A person who experiences stereotype threat is well aware of stereotypical expectations for him or her as a member of a group.

Tom has left his home and is attending college in a city that is far away from home where he does not know anybody. According to the mere exposure effect, Tom will be most likely to make friends with

Bill, his roommate.

________ refers to rationalizing the amount of work we put into getting something by increasing its value.

Effort justification

Which of the following statements is true of the concept of risky shift?

It is the tendency for individuals to more willingly endorse riskier decisions when in a group than when they are alone.

______ are favorable views of the self that are not necessarily rooted in reality.

Positive illusions

______ theory is Daryl Bem's take on how behaviors influence attitudes.

Self-perception

______ is the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people.

Social Psychology

Which of the following statements is true of social comparison?

Social comparison helps identify the distinctive characteristics of a person and aids in building an identity.

Which of the following is true of majority and minority influence in a group?

The minority in a group cannot win through normative pressure.

According to the self-perception theory of attitudes, what do individuals do to make inferences about their attitudes?

They perceive their behavior.

From the perspective of social exchange theory, the most important predictor of relationship success is

equity.

You conclude that Carla is a naturally anxious woman. You ignore the fact that Carla is currently working on a tight-deadline project and is spending 100 hours per week at work. You are demonstrating the

fundamental attribution error.

Katie, who is moderately liberal, attends a very liberal college. After four years at this college, Katie is likely to become more liberal as a result of

group polarization.

Jack and John were recently dumped by their girlfriends. Jack believes that his girlfriend broke up with him because she was selfish and unhappy, whereas John believes that his girlfriend broke up with him because she had to attend to a family emergency and could not make a commitment at the moment. Jack is making a(n) ________ about his girlfriend's behavior, whereas John is making a(n) ________.

internal attribution; external attribution

In the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion, the central route

is more persuasive when people have the ability and the motivation to pay attention.

Festinger's social comparison theory

provides an important rationale for how individuals come to know themselves.

Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobsen conducted a study in 1968. The researchers told grade-school teachers that five students were likely to be "late bloomers"—that these students had high levels of ability that would likely emerge over time. In reality, the students had been randomly selected by the researchers. Nonetheless, a year later, the researchers found that teachers' expectations for the "late bloomers" were reflected in student performance—the academic performance of the "late bloomers" was beyond that of other students. The results from this study demonstrate which of the following concepts?

self-fulfilling prophecy

Although Jeff frequently exceeds the speed limit by at least 10 mph, he justifies his behavior by erroneously thinking that most other drivers do the same. This belief best illustrates

the false consensus effect.

From the perspective of the investment model, long-term relationships are most likely to continue when

there are few tempting alternatives for the partners.