Electors

precedent

(civil law) a law established by following earlier judicial decisions

mcculloh v. maryland

1819. case involves state of Maryland trying to tax the bank of US. Holding:Supremacy clause established, federal government is supreme over the states..bank of US is constitutional

endangered

A species whose numbers are so small that the species is at risk of extinction

checks and balances

A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

federalist

A term used to describe supporters of the Constitution during ratification debates in state legislatures.

integration

Allows separate systems to communicate directly with each other, eliminating the need for manual entry into multiple systems

anti-federalist

Anti-Federalists rose up as the opponents of the Constitution during the period of ratification. They opposed the Constitution's powerful centralized government, arguing that the Constitution gave too much political, economic, and military control. They instead advocated a decentralized governmental structure that granted most power to the states

treason

Betrayal of one's country

banned

Forbidden

jim crow laws

Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites

suspect

Not able to be trusted; suspicious

upheld

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

civil rights

Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals.

separate but equal

Principle upheld in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) in which the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public facilities was legal.

segregation

Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences

miranda v. arizona

Supreme Court held that criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination prior to questioning by police.

brown v. topeka board of education

Supreme court ruled that education must be available to all children on equal terms. Separate is not Equal.

marbury v. madison

This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review

plessy v. ferguson

a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal

term limits

laws that limit the number of terms elected officials can serve

electors

people elected by the voters in a presedential election as members of the electoral college