Electromagnetic Spectrum and Speed of Light

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light constant

(c) the speed of light in a vacuum 3.0x10^8

speed of sound vs speed of light

-light travels almost a million times faster than sound -light travels around the earth 7.5 times per second

speed of light (c)

3.00 x 10^8 m/s

visible light wave length

400-700nm

transparent

Allowing light to pass through (clear)

gamma rays

Electromagnetic waves with the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies

diffraction

The bending of a wave as it moves around an obstacle or passes through a narrow opening

Refraction of light

The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another

diffraction grating

a device made of thousands of closely spaced slits through which light is passed in order to produce a spectrum

microwave

a low frequency electromagnetic wave of radiant energy

thin film interference

a phenomenon in which a spectrum of colors is produced due to the constructive and destructive interference of light waves reflected in a thin film

Visible Light

an electromagnetic wave that stimulates the retina of the eye

law of reflection

angle of incidence = angle of reflection

complementary colors of light

any two colors that combine to form white light

cyan

blue and green

light

both particle and wave and travels FASTEST in a vacuum

white light

combination of all colors

complementary color of red

cyan

x-rays

electromagnetic waves with wavelengths shorter than ultraviolet rays, but longer than gamma rays

de-excitation

high energy to low energy, emission of a photon

spectroscope

is used to measure light from glowing elements and separate that light into its various frequencies (determine the elemental composition of heated gases or materials using the spectra they emit)

index of refraction

light of different wavelengths is refre=acted at different angles

polarization of light

light whose waves oscillate only in a single plane (polarized sunglasses) red-oscillating magnetic waves blue-oscillating electric waves yellow-direction of wave movement

complementary color of green

magenta

relative speed

magnitude of the difference between the velocities of light source and observer of light

black light

no color

opaque

not letting light through

light emission

occurs with electron movement from HIGHER TO LOWER energy levels

retina

part of the eye that sees color

the order of rays

radio, micro, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma

magenta

red and blue

yellow

red and green

primary colors of light

red, green, blue

secondary pigment colors

red, green, blue

infrared waves

second on the electromagnetic spectrum going from lowest to highest frequency, can be felt as heat

translucent

semitransparent

red-shifted

the light source moves AWAY from you, there is a decrease in the measured frequency, so the wavelength lengthens (LOWER FREQUENCY)

blue-shifted

the light source moves TOWARD you, there is an increase in measured frequency so the wavelength of light shortens (blue) (HIGHER FREQUENCY)

longitudinal wave

the medium moves parallel to the direction of wave movement

transverse wave

the medium moves perpendicular to the direction of wave movement

light speed through objects

the more dense the slower it takes light to shine through

electromagnetic spectrum

the range of wavelengths or frequencies over which electromagnetic radiation exists

EM spectrum

the range of wavelengths or frequencies over which electromagnetic radiation extends.

doppler shift

the shift to a different wavelength

cones and rods

two types of photoreceptors that help you see color

Un-polarized light

vibrations producing light are in random directions

mechanical waves

waves that require a medium through which to travel

excitation

when electrons have high energy levels

complementary color of blue

yellow

primary pigment colors

yellow, magenta, cyan

secondary colors of light

yellow, magenta, cyan


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