Electron behavior and covalent bonds

How do you draw the Lewis Dot Diagram

1. Write the symbol of the element 2. determine the number of valence electrons 3. place one dot at a time for each valence electron on each of the four sides of the element symbol. 4. keep adding dots, pairing them, until all are used up.

What are two ways atoms can fill their valence shell?

1. transfer of electrons where one atom gains one or more electrons and another atom loses one or more electrons. this is an ionic bond. 2. sharing electrons. this is a covalent bond.

What is electronegativity?

Electronegativity is a measure of an atoms attraction for an electron.

How many electrons are needed to fill the first electron shell? Second electron shell? All other electron shells?

First needs 2. Second and all others are not considered full without 8.

Would water (H2O) have polar or non polar covalent bonds?

It would have polar bc oxygen and hydrogen have unequal electronegativity.

What are molecules?

Molecules are two or more atoms covalently bonded together. You can have more than one covalent bond between atoms.

What atoms have high electronegativity? Low electronegativity?

Oxygen: very high Nitrogen: high Carbon and hydrogen: equally low

What are the properties of polar and non polar molecules?

Polar = hydrophilic Non polar = hydrophobic

How many electrons are shared in single, double, and triple bonds?

Single: 2 Double: 4 Triple: 6

What is responsible for unequal sharing of electrons?

Some atoms have a stronger attraction or pull on electrons than other atoms.

How can you determine the number of bonds an atom can make?

The number of bonds a particular atom can make is equal to the number of valence electrons needed to fill its outer shell

What is the valence shell and valence electrons?

The valence shell is the outermost electron shell and the valence electrons are electrons located in the outermost electron shell.

What do you call two covalent bonds between two atoms? Three covalent bonds?

Two covalent bonds between two atoms forms a double bond. Three covalent bonds between two atoms are called a triple bond.

Why are valence electrons and valence shells important?

Valence electrons and valence shells play a crucial role in how an atom behaves (forming bonds and participating in chemical reactions)

What is the difference between a polar and non polar covalent bond?

When electrons are equally shared between atoms it is called a non polar covalent bond. When bonds form with unequal sharing of electrons it is called a polar covalent bond.