ELL Supplemental

Which of the following is not a requirement for the education of ELLs in Texas?

All ELLs should receive bilingual instruction in English and their native language.

During and after science instruction, the fifth-grade teacher wants to assess his English language learners' science skills and knowledge. What is the best way to accurately assess their learning?

Use various assessment measures (demonstration, oral, performance) to allow students multiple ways to demonstrate their learning.

Which of the following is an affective factor that can influence a learner of a second language?

willingness to risk embarrassment in learning a second language

Mr. Klein is new to teaching English language learners. He finds that although the students know the information, as they've proven through assessments, they are hesitant to speak during class. What can he do to help his ELLs increase their oral proficiency in English?

pair them with native English speakers for partner and group speaking activities

Mr. Kane, an elementary science teacher, is about to begin a unit on dinosaurs. Which of the following would be an effective way to present the new content to beginning English students for the first time?

Show the students a video introducing the topic.

To prepare for the arrival of a new ELL student, an ESL teacher reads a lot about the student's culture. She reads in a number of sources that in the student's culture, direct eye contact is considered rude. What should the teacher do?

Speak with the student about his or her level of comfort with eye contact and the cultural norm associated with it.

When transferring literary knowledge and skills from L1 to L2, which of the following is true?

The skills that the student knows from different subjects in L1 will help in the acquisition of L2.

How can a teacher use informal assessment to guide instruction?

The teacher can target students' specific problem areas and adapt instruction to address those areas.

An elementary student learning a second language differs from an adult learning a second language. The adult is more likely to do which of the following?

compare the rules and language structures of L1 and L2

All of the following is true about the Sheltered English Language Model except:

students are actively engaged for 60% of the lesson.

A fifth-grade teacher's science class includes several English language learners who have varying levels of English language proficiency. As the teacher considers ways to adapt instruction to meet these students' learning needs, what approach would be most important?

Address the same instructional goals and objectives as those in the original lessons.

Jose, a six-year-old ELL student from Colombia, said what sounded like, "I am angry" a few days in a row around lunchtime. Mrs. Jones, his ESL teacher, eventually realized that he was actually trying to tell her that he was hungry. Jose might need some help with:

phonology..

A teacher tells his class the following: "The subject of a sentence is the person, place, thing, or idea that is doing or being something. In sentences with an action verb, the subject typically performs the action of the verb. For example, in the sentence 'The teacher speaks to the class', the teacher is the subject because he or she is doing the action of speaking." What topic is the teacher most likely to be introducing to students?

active and passive voice

Which accomodation is most appropriate for a beginner ELL student when a teacher plans to give information through a lecture with skeleton notes?

printed notes to highlight

Which two of the following activities will best help ELLs to activate prior knowledge before a complex reading task? Select all answers that apply.

providing a simplified text addressing topics or themes similar to the ones in the complex text; projecting an image on the projector or smartboard and asking students to tell you everything they can about the picture

Which of the following strategies would not be appropriate for a teacher to use with ELLs when providing content-based instruction?

providing lower-level simplified content to students

After observing Enrique in the classroom and researching his past assessment data from the previous years, Mr. Stancill decides that the student is not performing up to his potential. During an individual conference, Enrique tells the teacher that he is currently working varied part-time hours. He verbalizes that he likes school but plans on dropping out when he reaches sixteen because his father needs help with finances in order to take care of the family. Enrique further states that his parents do not place very much importance on the necessity of education. This situation best illustrates that:

teachers should be aware and concerned about differing factors and morals in families and communities and how they may seriously affect individual student performance.

Which of the following court cases results in a ruling that states cannot constitutionally deny students a free public education on account of their immigration status?

Plyler v. Doe

Which of the following describes the importance of determining a student's language proficiency?

It affects how instruction is provided to each student; It helps identify the best pairings for group work and group interactions; It helps identify the appropriate state mandated test to administer to the student

Ms. Ciernia decides to do a project-based assessment with her fifth-grade class in which they design their own society. Her class consists of ELLs of varied levels. She sets clear parameters using a rubric with targeted standards and skills. In which way will this assessment benefit the ELLs in her class?

It will provide opportunities for ELLs to apply what they have learned in a student-centered project.

Paulo, an ELL student from Venezuela, has an Intermediate level of English and is literate in Spanish, his native language. Paulo often struggles with reading informative texts, so when his ESL teacher assigns him a research project, he provides him with texts in Spanish. Is this an appropriate thing to do?

Yes, but his final presentation should be in English.

Mr. Keogh, a high-school chemistry teacher, notices that his ELLs are having trouble understanding what to do in an experiment. Which of the following strategies would be an effective way to help the students?

showing the students a diagram depicting the steps they need to perform

A teacher is creating a reading fluency handout for parents so that parents can support the students' reading development at home. Which of the following suggestions would be the most valuable to include in the handout?

Have your child read aloud the same book multiple times while listening to them.

A middle school recently lost some state funding. As a result, they are considering charging the undocumented ELL students a tuition fee to compensate for the additional expense that they cost the school. However, this cannot be done because this idea is in direct conflict with the outcome of the following case:

Plyler v. Doe

Mr. Mather is approached by a parent about how to encourage reading and improve reading skills for their child at home. Which of the following is the most effective recommendation for Mr. Mather to make?

Read aloud books with the child at home.

Maria, an English language learner, tells the teacher she is concerned the class will not understand her presentation because of her inability to pronounce words perfectly. Which of the following would be the most appropriate recommendation for the teacher to make?

Have Maria write out notes that indicate the correct pronunciation of the words.

At the beginning of the year, Mrs. Gladwell is informed she will have three English language learners in her class. She is excited about the opportunity and wants to help them acquire the English language by creating a productive linguistic environment in the class. Which of the following would be the best strategy for creating and promoting a productive linguistic environment?

Create oral activities that allow students and the teacher to become more familiar with each other's background.

Technology, if used appropriately, can benefit ELLs. Which of the following activities would be an effective use of technology in the classroom? Select all answers that apply.

Assign students individual reading assignments on a personal computer; Assign students a research project and allowing them to use the internet to collect information; Watch a video explaining a concept learned in class.

A government teacher is concerned that several seniors are not completing their homework assignments or performing well on assessments. In the teacher's conference with Paul about his grades, Paul explains that he works two part-time jobs to help support his recently-unemployed mother and his siblings. Because he is taking a full course load in order to graduate, he has no time during the school day to complete his assignments. Which of the following ideas does this situation present for the teacher?

Complex home and community factors may have a negative effect on students' learning.

Feedback is extremely important for a learner's development. Which of the following should be remembered when providing feedback to ELL students?

Feedback should be given to students promptly, so there is still time to use it toward the target goal.

Which of the following will best help ELLs with academic language development while learning new content?

Giving students opportunities to listen, speak, read, and write about the content at their current level of English, while gradually increasing complexity.

Mr. Klout has several students in his class that are very self-conscious when speaking and worried about making mistakes. They are reluctant to participate in class discussions. How can Mr. Klout lower the affective filter in his classroom?

He can model the correct use of the language instead of correcting every student mistake.

What is the greatest benefit of teachers collaborating to share various instructional strategies that have been demonstrated to be effective for various learning styles and abilities?

It provides teachers with additional instructional strategies to accommodate for different learning styles.

A Spanish-speaking student makes the following mistakes: Where is the house of Peter? She has a dog big. He very much likes her. This is an example of:

L1 Interference.

An elementary teacher is practicing writing irregular verbs with her students, many of whom are ELLs. She explains the meaning of the verbs with student-friendly definitions. Afterwards, she instructs the students to look for irregular verbs in their reading passage and discuss them with their partners. Then, she writes their examples on the board to discuss how they're used. Which of the following demonstrates the teacher's awareness of second-language acquisition?

Language acquisition is acquired through integrating all skills together.

Mrs. Kane is observing a class with several intermediate-level English language learners. The teacher, Mr. James, uses a Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol method of instruction. Which of the following is Mrs. Kane likely to observe in the classroom?

Mr. James is modifying his speech and making slight adjustments to content text to aid the ELL students.

Maria recently moved from Mexico and began schooling in the US. She has been having trouble spelling words in English and is frustrated that one letter can have so many possible sounds. What is the best way for her teacher to help Maria with her phonetics?

Provide her with model reading activities, specifically readings containing high-frequency words.

A beginner ELL student has just joined a third-grade class. The class has just started a unit about photosynthesis during which they watched a video depicting the process of plants using sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Based on the English Language Proficiency Standards (ELPS), which two activities are appropriate for the teacher to ask the ELL to perform after watching the video? Select all answers that apply.

Putting a series of photos of the stages of photosynthesis in the correct order; Drawing a diagram depicting the process of photosynthesis using arrows and basic vocabulary.

Mrs. Morales has small reading groups with her bilingual students where they discuss parts of an ongoing book. First, she has the students help each other summarize a reading from the week prior. Then, after reading a chapter, she leads the students to identify information that might be worthy of a question. She allows the students to work in pairs to generate questions. She notices some of her ELLs having difficulty with comprehension, so she modifies her language when asking questions to help with clarification of the text. The students then reread in a small group and one student takes the lead in asking questions to their peers and facilitating a dialogue about what was read. Which teaching strategy is best seen by Mrs. Morales?

Reciprocal Teaching

A 6th grade ESL teacher has varied levels of ELLs in her classroom. She creates lessons that help ELLs make connections between their prior knowledge and experiences and the new content being presented. Her goal is to relate the concepts to her students' experiences; however, when teaching vocabulary she just displays the 6th grade content and words on the board. Why would this approach not benefit most of her ELLs?

Teachers should use vocabulary aligned to the students' level of language proficiency and display pictures when applicable.

A new ELL student who arrived to the United States at the beginning of the school year was put in a bilingual program. The ELL student made academic growth in both L1 and L2 throughout the year. Which of the following explains the student's academic growth?

The student experienced cognitive development in L1 which transferred to L2 academic language.

In which of the following situations might a student's culture affect their ability to learn?

a student who recently moved from South Korea is asked to work independently

Which of the following is an example of a teacher adapting his instructional practices to respond to English learners' different learning styles?

a teacher with a class of auditory learners who often gives lectures and tests students using oral exams

A school district's budget was cut, and as a result, some funding was lost for the ESL program. Fortunately, several members of the community have expressed an interest in volunteering to help with the ESL program. What two ways would be the most effective use of the volunteers? Select all answers that apply.

assisting teachers in the classroom with administrative duties that don't require teacher training; spending time speaking with students in conversational groups

A kindergarten teacher reviews the records of a new student, Billy, and meets with his parents. Although the records and previous parent conferences indicate that Billy is socially developed, his teacher notices Billy's play is typical of a much younger child. As the teacher analyzes and assesses the situation, it is most important to remember that:

children in stressful situations often act more immature in response to the situation.

Mr. Ramirez received a new student in his bilingual class that has a strong academic background. His new student, Julio, has only been in the United States for six months. Throughout the first two months of school, Mr. Ramirez noticed that Julio only smiles or nods during whole group instruction or small groups when discussing content in L2. He also observed that when Julio is outside or at lunch, he speaks Spanish well and will attempt English with his friends. What can Mr. Ramirez do to help out his student?

create a low anxiety environment by pairing students when working on content in L2

Mr. Franklin believes that ongoing assessments are particularly important for English language learners, but that standardized tests in English don't always reflect ELLs' true content knowledge or abilities. Instead, he is a strong proponent of performance-based assessments. Which of the following would be an appropriate performance-based activity for Mr. Franklin to use to assess ELLs' speaking or reading skills? Select all answers that apply.

debating, either one-on-one or taking turns in small groups; giving descriptions or instructions using visual or written prompts

The Pierce School District has noticed that the parents of the middle-school ELLs aren't often involved in school activities. The school administration has decided to put more effort into building trust amongst parents and making them feel welcome. They should try all of the following except:

encouraging parents to interact with their children as much as possible in English.

After giving a lesson on simple sentences, Mr. Hummel posts a single review question and he asks the students to answer this question on an exit slip before heading off to lunch. What form of assessment is Mr. Hummel using?

formative

Which of the following is an effective way for the bilingual community to get involved with ELLs?

giving presentations about their experiences using more than one language to help them in their professional lives

Mr. Peters is using the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP) Model with his sixth-grade math class, which contains four ELLs. What should Mr. Peters do during the interaction phase?

group students together with varied English levels and content knowledge

Mr. Henry is a strong believer in the benefits of culturally responsive instruction. He is likely to do all of the following except:

provide students with reading materials about traditional American culture.

Mrs. Jones is teaching her students how to use graphic organizers to assist with understanding different texts. Which of the following would be the least effective activity?

using a timeline to show the sequence of events in a persuasive text

A high school ESL teacher is preparing a presentation to give to teachers at his school with the goal to eliminate some common misconceptions of English language learners. Which of the following statements would he be likely to include in his presentation?

Students can transfer their learned skills from L1 to L2.

In a bilingual classroom, at the end of each science unit, students create a chart with their teacher comparing words in English and Spanish. Afterwards, they look for similarities and differences. A student notices that the English words heating and freezing end in -ing and the words in Spanish enfriando and calentando end in -ando. The students begin to discuss other words that end the same way and how they are used. Then, the students work with a partner to write a sentence in English incorporating the same ending and draw a picture. This activity demonstrates which of the following?

analyzing suffixes in L1 and L2 facilitates language acquisition

Anna, an intermediate-level ELL student from Eastern Europe, is showing great improvement in her English skills, but still doesn't do very well when she is given an essay assignment. She struggles to develop her main idea with enough supporting details and tends to digress in her thoughts. Which two of the following activities would be most effective in helping Anna improve her writing skills? Select all answers that apply.

assisting her with creating an outline before writing her first draft; showing her how to use a graphic organizer to organize her thoughts before writing

A kindergarten teacher is creating a unit on the alphabet. She assigns each student a letter and asks them to bring an item from home that begins with the letter they are assigned. The students then recreate the alphabet using the items from the students' homes. This activity promotes the development of alphabetic principle through:

collaboration with families.

Diana, an ELL student, is giving a presentation on a topic that she knows a lot about, but she seems to be struggling. She keeps pausing because she can't remember the correct word. The teacher has seen Diana demonstrate knowledge of these words in the past, and she thinks that Diana might be struggling with:

dysnomia.

Which of the following would be an appropriate summative assessment for fourth grade students who are learning about parts of speech?

having students independently label each part of speech for words in a given sentence

A class contains students of diverse cultural backgrounds, English language levels, and some students with disabilities. This is an example of a(an):

inclusion model.

The students are studying politics and are given the hypothetical task to prepare a speech to present to the president asking for social change. Pamela, an intermediate student from Chile, begins her speech with the following: "What's up Mr. President? It's awesome that you invited me here today." What does Pamela need some assistance with?

language register

Mrs. Jones is reading a story with her beginner ELLs that contains a lot of idioms. To best ensure that the students understand and remember the idioms for future use, Mrs. Jones should do all of the following except:

have the students translate the idiom from English to their native language.

Kai, a new student from Brazil, just moved to a small town in Texas and enrolled in middle-school. Kai doesn't speak any English. Because there are limited ELL students, there are no grade level teachers with an ESL endorsement. Kai needs some support. Which of the following should the school principal recommend? Select all answers that apply.

Building periods into the day for homework and/or tutoring staffed by trained language/ESL assistants; Creating a pull-out program, in which one teacher is hired to provide instruction to students from several grade levels.

The Texas Education Agency requires that school districts accommodate and ensure that ELLs have the opportunity to master the essential knowledge and skills for the required curriculum. In order to do this, the school needs to identify which students have a primary language other than English, assess these students, and decide whether they should enter into a bilingual education or ESL program, pending parent approval. Which of the following is relevant in this process?

Language Proficiency Assessment Committee (LPAC)

A third-grade teacher wants to ensure her ELLs understand the multiplication unit that is taught in L2. The teacher creates sentences stems for students to use, and she demonstrates multiplication with visuals. For example, she shows that 3 plates with 2 cubes each equals 6 cubes total. First, she shows the class as a whole group. Next, she chooses a student to work with her while the rest of the class observes. Last, the students work in pairs using both the visuals and the sentence stems. She repeats the steps the next day and then has students work independently. Which language program best demonstrates this teacher's plan?

Self-Contained ESL Class

Marta, an ELL student from Mexico, always introduces herself by saying, "My name is Marta. I am student at Davis Elementary School." Marta would most likely benefit from further instruction in:

articles

Mrs. Carter wants to assess her first-grade class's ability to identify individual phonemes. Which type of assessment would allow her to compare her students' skills to the grade level expectations?

criterion-referenced

A first-grade teacher notices several students are having difficulty understanding and mastering phonological and phonemic awareness skills. Which of the following assignments would best provide opportunities for students to work on these skills at home?

playing word games and sound games with family members

In January, Eddie enrolled in a first-grade classroom. After a week, his teacher noticed that he got out of his desk and wandered around the classroom; he did not participate in classroom routines or sit with the group for morning reading or with his table group. She observed that his play activities were similar to a kindergartener or a younger child. She then reviewed the records just sent from his previous school, which noted that he had highly developed social skills and behaviors. In determining how best to work with Eddie and this situation, what is most important for the teacher to consider?

Children like Eddie often revert to less advanced play levels in response to stress, such as moving or family upheaval.

For some English Language Learners, speaking and listening may be much easier than reading and writing. For others, however, the challenge of speaking in front of classrooms, reading out loud, or making a presentation in front of the class can be overwhelming. Which two of the following should ESL teachers do when confronted with beginner students struggling with oral proficiency? Select all answers that apply.

Give students opportunities to participate in activities where they are not singled out; Allow students to respond using non-verbal cues.

In order to best develop a second language, a student should:

continue to learn about and develop his first language.

A 15-year-old student recently moved to the US and has a beginner level of English. He is motivated to improve as fast as possible and has asked the teacher for recommended ways to continue improving his English outside of the classroom. What should the teacher suggest?

joining a sports team or club where he can speak with native speakers

In order for ELLs to be successful, they need to acquire both basic interpersonal skills (BICS) and cognitive academic language proficiency (CALPS). Which is an example of an activity that focuses on CALPS?

students discussing an article they read

A middle-school with a high percentage of ELLs notices that only a small percentage of the ELL parents have been participating in school meetings. What is the most likely cause of this?

The meetings are held in English, and there are no translators available.

Mr. Jones has a diverse class of English language learners. He thinks that it would be a great idea to have each student prepare a 5-minute oral presentation about his/her hobbies. The students are all encouraged to use visuals to aid their presentation. What would be the main benefit of this activity?

The teacher will learn more about the personality, strengths, and needs of the students.

During a reciprocal teaching lesson, two students, an ELL and a non-ELL, were working together and having a discussion about a reading passage. The teacher was overhearing their discussion, when the ELL student asked his partner, "I wonder what Balquhidder means? They mention it many times." The other responded, "Well let's reread it. Here they say, 'Look I see Balquhidder.' Perhaps it's a person, but it also mentions that the people take the King back to Balquhidder in his carriage." The ELL student replies, "They take him back, so it must be a place." What process are the students demonstrating?

clarifying

The following conversation takes place between an ELL and an ESL teacher. Student: The students is in the classroom.Teacher: Is "students" singular or plural? Is it one student or many students? Student: Plural. Teacher: OK, then, let's try again...The students... Student: are in the classroom! The feedback that the ESL teacher gives to the student can be defined as:

elicitation

Mr. Rodriguez always thinks aloud when solving problems in his class, and he encourages learners to do the same when they are performing a difficult task. He likes to pair students, have one student think aloud and the other student listen and point out any errors in their thinking. He believes that this results in increased student self-awareness during learning. What learning strategy is Mr. Rodriguez using to promote student development?

metacognition

Mr. Kildare has just started teaching lower level English learners for the first time and is struggling with strategies to teach the students phonemic awareness and phonics, while simultaneously teaching academic vocabulary and reading comprehension skills. He asks one of his more experienced colleagues for advice on teaching vocabulary. This teacher would recommend all of the following except:

providing students with a list of new vocabulary words for them to memorize.

Mr. Johnson notices the following errors in her students speech: What she do right now? The people here is very friendly. I am agree. Based on these errors, what should Mr. Johnson review with his ELL students?

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