ELO Test

Bottom-up processing approach

A bottom-up approach is the piecing together of systems to give rise to more complex systems,

Cloze

A cloze test is an exercise, test, or assessment consisting of a portion of language with certain items, words, or signs removed, where the participant is asked to replace the missing language item.

Integrated learning

A learning theory describing a movement toward integrated lessons helping students make connections across curricula

communicative approach

A way of teaching and practising language which is based on the principle that learning a language successfully involves communication rather than just memorising a series of rules. Teachers try to focus on meaningful communication, rather than focusing on accuracy and correcting mistakes.

Authentic Assessment

Assessment of students' knowledge and skills in a "real-life" context.

Title VI Civil Rights Act of 1964 Amended 1972

Bans discrimination based on a person's race, color, religion, sex or national origin in hiring, retaining, promoting, or laying off employees in organizations with 15 or more meployees. This act created the Equal Employment Opportunity Act and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

Plyer v. Doe

Court case that determined that the 14th amendment prohibits states from denying a free public education to undocumented children. Prohibits schools from request of any documentation of legal status.

Top-down processing approach

In top-down processing, perceptions begin with the most general and move toward the more specific.

Transactional language approach

Interactional language is the language we use to build and maintain relationships. It can be compared to transactional language, which normally carries a message and is the language used to get things done.

Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)

Obama's act in 2015 that took over No Child Left Behind

Unidirectional listening approach

One-way communicative listeningInput comes from the sources of overheard conversation, public performances, telephone answering, the media.Hearing but are unable to interact → Analyze what we hear→ Talk to ourselves in a reaction#10

Sheltered English Instruction

Sheltered Instruction (SI) is a method of teaching English Language Learners that fits the recommended model of culturally responsive education. The goal of SI is to help ELLs develop content knowledge, language proficiency, and academic skills at the same time.

Socio-psycholinguistic methods

Socio-psycholinguistic theory suggests that we construct meaning of a text through the use of background knowledge and prior experiences. According to the theory, we use graphophonic, semantic, and syntactic cues to assist in reading comprehension.

Transactional strategies instruction

TSI involves teachers modeling their use of comprehension strategies to demonstrate when and how to apply the strategies in different problem-solving situations. Teachers share the responsibility of conducting a thoughtful discussion about a common text with students, who are also expected to explain their use of strategies and to communicate their reflective responses to what they have read.

norm-referenced tests

Tests where a student's performance is compared with a norm group, or a representative sampling students similar to the student. A person's score on a norm-referenced test describes how the student did in relation to the norm group. Tests results are reported in such formats as standard scores or percentiles.

Direct Method

The direct method of teaching, which is sometimes called the natural method, and is often (but not exclusively) used in teaching foreign languages, refrains from using the learners' native language and uses only the target language.

proficiency test

a test that measures skill and knowledge in a subject area

Achievement Assessment

achievement assessment is a broad category that includes all of the various methods for determining the extent to which students are achieving the intended learning outcomes of instruction

Diagnostic Assessment

administered before instruction and are designed to identify students' strengths and weaknesses (e.g., pre-tests, student interviews, learning style inventories)

Language Experience Approach

approach to writing instruction from personal experience; stories about personal experiences are written by teacher and read together until learner associates written form of word with spoken; can also be a group activity restating stories read by teacher

Lau v. Nichols

equal vs. equitable treatment for LEP students. Supreme Court ruled that schools were to provide LEP students with support to learn English and content

valid test

measures what it is designed to measure

Natural Approach

natural genuine learning situations where they use both conscious understanding of a language and subconscious (take cues from visual and commands)

Reliable test

yields consistent results