Emergent Language final

All of the following comments best represent positive growth mindset to motivate children except:

"I love how Aamaria and Eli are cleaning up in the library corner."

In the past, educators included very little informational texts in classroom libraries, assuming that children preferred narrative texts. Additionally, there wasn't a lot of informational texts appropriate for young children. As adults we mostly read nonfiction making it crucial for children to be exposed to this type of text. What is the recommended percentage of exposure that children should have to informational and narrative texts in the classroom.

50% narrative, 50% informational

You are working with a group of colleagues to develop a family literacy program in your school. You are preparing a presentation to the school board to explain the role of family literacy in the literacy development of their children. All the points are appropriate to include in your presentation except which one?

A well-developed family literacy program can help parents understand what they did wrong with their children.

What is a word wall and what is its main purpose?

A word wall is a bulletin board or other display that showcases high-frequency and challenging words in alphabetical order. Word walls provide a meaningful way to practice and develop sight words

Miss Greene is planning lessons in which she will differentiate her instruction in order to meet the diverse needs of the learners in her classroom. What are the elements of differentiated instruction?

Assessment is used to guide instruction. Students work in flexible groups designed to target needs. Students' interests are incorporated into the lessons. All of the above

This version of a children's book provides an opportunity for all children in the group to actively engage in learning about concepts about books, print, and the meaning of text.

Big book

You are a kindergarten teacher and plan many writing activities for your students. A parent asks you why you do this and says, "Students at this age can't write yet." How do you respond?

Children learn that writing conveys a meaning and grow through various stages of writing development, beginning with drawing.

Think about the relationship between reading and writing. How does writing help reading?

Children work with sounds of letters and identification of letters. Children learn to create coherent sentences. Children learn about text structure. All of the above

Which of the following describes close reading?

Close reading is a detailed examination of short text passage used to practice critical reading skills

Of the following, which responses best describes comprehension?

Comprehension is an active process in which a reader constructs meaning based on his or her prior knowledge

Which of the following is a method to supplement the teaching of reading, particularly providing literacy development by activating motivation through the use of science?

Concept-Orientated Reading Instruction (CORI)

Mr. Paalmeto is a second-grade teacher. One of his students does not speak English. Which idea is the most effective strategy to help the English Learner learn how to read?

Ensure he provides extensive vocabulary instruction and plans activities that maximize language use.

A twenty-two-month-old scribbles with a crayon on a piece of paper and brings it to her childcare teacher. Of the following, which describes the best response from the teacher?

Express genuine encouragement by saying, "Tell me about your picture."

Mr. Halloway teaches first grade. He wants to organize his classroom space and plan his instructional strategies in order to meet the diverse needs of the students in his groups. Of the following, which one best describes how he should do that?

He should plan whole-group instruction when it is appropriate to introduce an idea or make a brief presentation. For example, he should use this organization when he wants to read a book aloud to introduce the new theme. He should plan small-group instruction when he wants to teach skills and strategies to students. This way he can be sure to have closer interactions with students and better retain their attention. He should plan explicit instruction for students where he introduces the strategy to the whole group and then uses a small-group organization to provide further instruction that can better meet the individual needs of his students. All of the above

Which of the following lists the three developmental levels in word recognition?

Identification through sight and context, use of letter-sound cues, and sounding out words

Which of the following is a good method to teach young children the letters of the alphabet?

Identifying the letters in children's own names Systematic teaching the alphabet, one letter per week Selecting a few letters used in a thematic unit to feature all of the above

Reading comprehension is an active process where readers use multiple strategies to construct meaning of text. Therefore, which of the following is an effective way to teach comprehension strategies?

Implement the shared book experience where you can model fluency and help students develop listening skills. Promote active discussions after reading aloud by creating questions that have more than one correct answer. Help students learn how to retell and give them practice in retelling a variety of texts. all of the above

Express genuine encouragement by saying, "Tell me about your picture."

In their journals, have students draw pictures and write about what they saw. As you talk with each student, provide written labels for each of their pictures

According to the text, which graphic organizer is used mostly with informational text in which students use prior knowledge to determine what they want to know after reading?

K-W-L

Disadvantages of grouping include which of the following:

Once a child is tracked in a particular group, that placement may never change throughout his or her school career. Frequently, only one measure determines a child's group placement. Teachers sometimes have low expectations for students in the low groups. All of the above

Which of the following is an example of an authentic assessment?

One example is when a teacher observes a student oral reading. This would be considered an authentic assessment if it reflects that actual teaching and learning in the classroom.

Of the following, which one describes a component of an effective family literacy program?

Programs are built on respect and understanding of diversity. Programs provide materials and ideas to parents and family members. Programs build on the positive literacy experiences already happening in homes. All of the above

Miss Marks is planning her daily literacy instruction. It should include all of the following except which one?

She should teach students how to comprehend by reading a variety of books aloud and then following up with carefully constructed worksheet questions to assess what the students understood.

Which of the following best defines the term sight words and describes their importance?

Sight words are immediately recognized by the reader, making word-attack skills unnecessary.

You are talking with a parent about standardized assessments. He wants to know the pros and cons of using them. What do you tell him?

Standardized assessments give one way to look at a child's performance. One concern is that standardized assessments must be used with other types of assessment measures.

Miss Barron is talking to you about her second-grade struggling readers. She tells you they are not fluent, but she is not worried as long as they can eventually sound out all the words. Given what you know about the relationship between fluency and comprehension, how would you respond?

Students need to recognize words automatically and become fluent readers so they can focus their attention on meaning.

You teach second grade and your students are writing reports about community workers. As you read your students' written drafts, you notice that in general their writing is unorganized and does not show the relationships among ideas. What should you do

Teach students how to use a graphic organizer as a way to organize their thoughts and clarify relationships.

You are talking with a third-grade teacher who says, "My students are not motivated to read and there is not much I can do about it." How do you respond?

Teachers can foster motivation by planning activities that offer such things as choice, challenge, and authenticity.

Which of the following is important to keep in mind regarding challenge as a component in motivation?

Teachers must make sure tasks are not too hard as to frustrate students, but not so easy that they lose interest.

Of the following, which one describes an appropriate way to help students develop sight vocabulary in your classroom?

Use a word wall to display the sight words and offer opportunity for repeated exposure and practice.

Of the following, which one best describes a well-designed literacy center?

Well-designed literacy centers should be placed in the classroom. It should be easily accessible to students and include a variety of different types of books as well as other materials such as magnetic letters, puzzles, and games

The mother of a kindergarten student asks you to explain how you evaluate her daughter's master of alphabet letters Of the following, which is the best answer?

You assess letter identification using a checklist and through a variety of other activities including matching the letters in her name to the letters in her classmates' names, pointing out letters she knows from books, and finding letters for her name in a random collection of letters.

A literacy-rich home environment includes which of the following?

a variety of books and magazines easily accessible a variety of writing materials easily accessible

Which of the following best describes assessment activities that determine the students' abilities to complete real-world tasks?

authentic assessments

At-risk children's vocabulary and language development is mostly effected by which of the following?

background experiences

Which term describes when students browse through a book before reading it by looking at the pictures, discussing them, and making predictions?

book walk

Research has found that teachers should read or tell stories to children daily. In order to enhance comprehension and interest, when should the teacher discuss the story?

both before and after reading the story, but with different purposes for each time

For practicing recognizing letters of the alphabet and understanding sound-symbol relationships, the literacy center should materials such as the following:

carefully designed worksheets on the student's level magnetic letters, onset and rime puzzle pieces, and vowel bingo stuffed animals to which children can practice singing the alphabet

Motivation theory suggests that certain components promote motivation. Which of the following are likely to motivate children?

challenge, choice, social collaboration, relevance and authenticity, success

Students in Mrs. Nesser's class are learning how to write an informational how-to. After she models writing this type of text and students practice with her through mini lessons, students write about a topic of interest using the appropriate structure for a how-to. After they finish their final writing products, they bring in the items needed to follow the how-to and their classmates read the writing piece and try to follow the instructions using the items. For example, one student wrote about how to pot a plant and another student read the piece and followed the steps to learn how to pot a plant using the materials. Which of the following characteristics did Mrs. Nesser mainly have in mind when she was planning this writing project in order to motivate her students?

choice challenge authenticity all of the above

Which term describes the ability to read or listen to and understand text?

comprehension

During the guided reading lesson the teacher instructs and carries out another very important process. Which one describes that process?

determines a child's strengths and areas of need

This type of journal writing is similar to a conversation in which students are able to write about any topic and share their writing with teachers or peers.

dialogue journals

Teaching comprehension strategies has been found most effective when using the following sequence of steps

direct explanation, modeling, guided practice, independent application, and reflection. *the order of these matter*

Which of the following types of programs is designed to improve and enhance the literacy development of children who are identified as at-risk before they enter kindergarten?

early intervention

This natural source of reading material surrounds children, has meaning for them, and provides literacy experiences with familiar items.

environmental print

When we ask children to try and read familiar print in school, in town, and on the road, we ask them to read which of the following?

environmental print

Children are likely to become involved in literacy activities if they view reading and writing in which way?

functional purposeful useful all of the above

This type of writing serves a clear, real-life purpose, including greeting cards, thank you notes, and grocery lists.

functional writing

According to this theorist's multiple intelligences theory we all need different learning experiences, some that foster our strengths and some that help us develop skills in other areas.

gardner

How often is English used when implementing the two-way bilingual approach?

half the curriculum is taught in English and half is taught in the other language

What is the purpose of the materials that are placed in a student's portfolio?

help teachers create appropriate instructional strategies help parents understand their child's development make the child aware of his/her strengths and weaknesses and how he/she can improve all of the above

Which term best describes when major decisions are made from the results of one test?

high stakes assessment

Which term describes the idea of instruction children with physical disabilities in the general education classroom with the necessary assistance provided to him or her?

inclusion

In this approach, literacy skills are reinforced in content areas by identifying an integrated them and designing opportunities for children to apply literacy skills within the various activities.

interdisciplinary (integrated) approach

Which of the following affects the quality of the literacy environment in the home?

interpersonal interactions or the literacy experiences shared by children, parents, siblings, and other individuals the physical environment or literacy materials in the home the emotional and motivational climate or the attitudes of literacy and parent aspirations for literacy achievement all of the above

When students have a desire to engage in behaviors for enjoyment, challenge, pleasure, or interest this is known as:

intrinsic motivation

When children create their own spellings for words, they are using which of the following?

invented spelling

A child who has a good concept of books will do which of the following?

know that a book is for reading be able to turn the pages of a book properly in the right direction know what an author and an illustrator do all of the above

Which approach has been used to help children associate oral language with written language, teaching them specifically that what is said can be written down and what is written down can be read?

language experience approach (LEA)

What term best describes a child who is performing below age or grade level, but has normal intelligence levels

learning disabled

In this strategy, students are formed into groups to discuss the books. Each student is assigned a particular role in the group to help keep them focused on the book and the task.

literature circles

Which of the following describes one's own awareness of how his or her learning is taking place?

metacognition

What do in-depth measures of assessment, such as running records, informal reading inventories, and portfolios, allow educators to do?

monitor student progress across time

You are teaching your kindergarten students strategies to figure out words. You put a printed message on the poster stand for students to read as they come into the room in the morning, Your message tells the day, a topic the students will be learning that day, and a special event for the day. What technique are you using?

morning message

Which of the following is an effective method that teachers can use to assess students' attitudes toward books?

motivational

These program are designed to involve and inform parents about activities that will promote their children's literacy learning in school

parent involvement initiatives

When children begin to read to themselves, which of the following is true?

parents can continue reading books above the child's reading level

The text and the illustrations are closely associated in this genre of children's literature.

picture story books

Early writing development is characterized by children's moving through which phases?

playfully making marks on paper, to communicating messages on paper, to creating texts *order matters*

You will find all of the following regarding a well-designed literacy station except which one?

positioned in the middle of the room

The process approach to writing helps children realize that writing involves thinking, organizing, and rewriting before a piece is complete. Typical steps in this approach include which of the following?

prewriting, drafting, conferencing, revision, and editing *order matters*

Which term best describes instruction for EL students in which students develop literacy in their first language before shifting to bilingual or English-only instruction?

primary language instruction

Multiculturalism refers to which of the following?

race and ethnicity

Marie Clay created this type of assessment to help teachers observe and describe children's oral reading behavior and the types of errors they make. This helps to plan for reading instruction.

running record

When placing students into groups, teachers should consider which of the following?

running records standardized tests teacher judgment all of the above

Which program provides classes for parents to enhance their own skills and classes to teach them how to help their children develop literacy skills?

running start

When dealing with students who have physical impairments or developmental learning differences, it may be helpful to do which of the following?

seek help from the district's support services become informed about it by discussing it with special education teachers and other staff members use learning strategies that are successful with all students, such as encouragement, praise, and positive feedback all the above

If a teacher wants to expose her students to informational texts that explain steps to produce a certain product or outcome, then what type of text structure would be appropriate?

sequence

Good narrative text includes which of the following?

setting theme episodes and resolutions all of the above

In this writing activity, writing is a joint effort as the teacher and the children create writing together. The teacher guides the lesson and writes on large chart paper in a whole-group or small-group setting

shared writing

At what age do children take on leadership during book reading, such as turning pages and babbling along when being read to?

six to nine months

Differentiated instruction can take place in which type of instructional organization?

small group instruction whole group instruction one-to-one instruction all of the above

In early childhood, which of the following is not typical of music experiences:

social skills for functioning, such as sharing and collaborating

Which of the following features should be present in any home-school connection material?

some different options for families to select and some that do not require the ability to read a non-threatening format with engaging activities culturally diverse content and activities for many age levels and abilities all of the above

Which type of assessments are prepared by publishers and are administered to large numbers of students in order to develop norms, validity and reliability?

standardized test

To encourage successful and well-attended school/family meetings, all are true except which one?

suggest that no children attend

Which of the following has made dramatic play more acceptable for early elementary grades such as second and third grade?

technology

Of the following, which storytelling technique does not assist children with retelling?

text without pictures

Which of the following characteristics will help determine how well a student will comprehend text

their familiarity with the topic in the text the quality of the writing how interesting the topic is to the the listener or reader all of the above

Which activity has gained greater importance as a medium for literacy development because it provides motivating, meaningful, functional social settings?

thematic play

What purpose do standards serve?

to articulate what students need to learn at each grade level to prepare students for literacy now and in the future to promote high expectations for literacy achievement among all children all of the above

The following characteristics are major elements in a Reading Recovery Program

use of running records, one-on-one instruction, leveled materials

Jessica read the following from her text: "Bobby bought a new boot," instead of "Bobby bought a new boat." How can her error be classified?

visual

Of the following, which is an effective criterion for assessing students' attitudes toward reading?

voluntarily looks at or reads books at school responds during book discussions takes books home voluntarily all of the above

When should teachers begin to help students transition from invented spelling and punctuation to conventional forms?

when students are comfortable writing and do so freely in their own style

New teacher Lena Smith wanted to showcase her students' writing samples to students and their families using technology. Of the following, which digital tool would be the best option:

wiki

First grader James tends to be off task during independent reading. What can his teacher do to keep him accountable and stay on task?

write one sentence about what he read

Which of the following is a period of time set aside for writing instruction, in which the teacher provides a mini-lesson that models a writing skill, a time for independent writing, and a time for students to share their work with each other?

writing workshop