Employee Training and Development Exam #2 Study Guide

_____ is an example of a context-based learning method that is guided by companies.

A simulation

_____ involves training teams how to share information and make decisions.

Coordination training

_____ refers to individual control over one's thinking.

Metacognition

_____ refers to the process of moving jobs from the U.S. to other locations in the world

Offshoring

According to the 70-20-10 model, the majority of learning should be guided by the employee as opposed to the organization.

True

Improved self-efficacy beliefs relate to an affective learning outcome.

True

In online training, an instructor can provide detailed feedback.

True

Negative transfer is evident when learning occurs, but on-the-job behavior is lower than pre-training levels.

True

No single training method is inherently superior to other methods.

True

Opportunity to perform is influenced by both the work environment and trainee motivation.

True

The basic level of training support that a manager can provide is acceptance.

True

Traditional classroom-type seating makes it difficult for trainees to work in teams.

True

In the context of big data, _____ refers to the huge amount of data that is being generated and the speed with which it must be evaluated, captured, and made useful.

Velocity

Which of the following is a disadvantage of distance learning?

Weather conditions and satellite glitches

Lecture as a presentation method _____.

can be easily employed with large groups of trainees

With opportunity to perform, activity level refers to the _____.

frequency with which trained tasks are performed on the job

Effective knowledge sharing is most likely when employees _____.

have easy access to information within the context of their jobs

Curricula differ from courses in that curricula _____.

include broader learning objectives

Typically, _____ are used to assess cognitive outcomes.

pencil-and-paper tests

The first and the most important step in choosing a training method is to identify the _____.

type of learning outcome

_____ relate to trainees' attitudes toward training content and motivation to transfer.

Affective outcomes

Which of the following represents the lowest level of manager support for training?

Encouragement of trainees' participation in training

_____ are used as a support tool that employees refer to when they have problems or decisions that they feel exceed their current knowledge and skills.

Expert systems

A case study is inappropriate for developing higher-order intellectual skills such as analysis, synthesis, and evaluation.

False

A metaphor is a device such as a pattern of letters, ideas, or associations that assists in remembering something.

False

According to the 70-20-10 model, approximately 20 percent of learning occurs through formal classroom experiences.

False

Adventure learning likely results in high transfer of training.

False

Fan-type seating is ineffective for training that includes trainees working in groups and teams.

False

Open skills are those that are to be identically produced by the trainee on the job.

False

Presentation methods are generally more effective than hands-on methods.

False

The traditional classroom-type arrangement is good for role-play exercises that involve trainees working in groups of two or three.

False

To encourage self-management, it is important to emphasize that lapses are evidence of personal failure.

False

Traditionalists prefer active learning environments and innovative training techniques.

False

Using managers and employees as trainers decreases the perceived meaningfulness of the training content.

False

With respect to maximizing the benefits of learner control, programs should allow trainees to control the amount of feedback they receive.

False

Which of the following is not a benefit of MOOCs?

Completion rates are high.

In a role play, trainees practice their technical skills.

False

Virtual worlds are ineffective for teaching interpersonal skills such as time management and leadership.

False

Which of the following statements is true of training?

It is important to realize that for training to be effective, both learning and transfer of training are needed.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of training through virtual worlds?

It is inappropriate for learners totally new to the work world, as it may confuse and overwhelm them.

Kitty has been a trainer for many years, and she has become disillusioned with her trainees. She believes that trainees today lack any motivation to learn. This attitude is apparent to her trainees, and her trainees then fail to exert personal initiative, as expected. What phenomenon is most likely occurring in this instance?

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Which of the following statements is true of business games?

Several alternative courses of action are available to trainees.

Outsourcing allows a company to focus better on its business strategy by saving cost and time.

True

Training support technologies assist in transfer of training by providing employees with information not covered in training.

True

The use of simulations has been limited by their _____.

high development costs

It is always important to conduct a thorough needs assessment at the organization, personal, and task levels of analysis.

False

Once the costs and benefits of the training program are determined, ROI is calculated by dividing costs by benefits.

False

Online learning that merely repurposes an effective live training program will usually result in effective training.

False

Online technology is useful in the needs assessment process because it is most effective in generating detailed responses.

False

Results are more frequently examined than reactions.

False

Which of the following is an advantage of simulations?

Simulations can safely put employees in situations that would be dangerous in the real world.

Which term refers to a group of two or more trainees who agree to meet and discuss their progress using learned capabilities on the job?

Support Network

Pilot testing is more useful for formative evaluation than summative evaluation.

True

When training is provided by consulting firms and government organizations, it is said to be outsourced.

True

Appropriate training outcomes need to discriminate. This means that _____.

trainees' performance on the outcome should actually reflect true differences in performance

_____ allow synchronous communication in training.

Live online courses

Name the four different types of seating arrangements discussed in the text and indicate when each is most appropriate.

Fan-type seating: trainees can easily switch from listening to practicing in groups Classroom-type seating: appropriate when lecture and audiovisual presentations are the primary training methods Conference-type seating: appropriate for total groups discussions (with no small-group interaction) Horseshoe type-seating: appropriate for both presentation and total-group instruction

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), which of the following types of learners require instructors to emphasize personal needs, beliefs, values, and experiences?

Feeling Learners

Which of the following statements best differentiates formative evaluation from summative evaluation?

Formative evaluation focuses on how to make a training program better, whereas summative evaluation helps to determine the extent to which trainees have changed after training.

_____ learning focuses on well-defined competencies typically trained via lecture and online methods.

Guided competency

In person analysis, _____ relate(s) to resources employees need to help them learn.

Inputs

Which of the following statements is true of Solomon four-group evaluation design?

It combines both pre-test/post-test comparison group and post-test-only control group design.

How can opportunity to perform be measured? What might low levels of opportunity to perform indicate?

Opportunity to perform can be measured by asking former trainees to indicate (1) whether they perform a task, (2) how many times they perform the task, and (3) the extent to which they perform difficult and challenging tasks. Individuals who report low levels of opportunity to perform may be prime candidates for "refresher courses." Refresher courses are necessary because these persons have likely experienced a decay in learned capabilities because they have not had opportunities to perform. Low levels of opportunity to perform may also indicate that the work environment is interfering with using new skills. For example, the manager may not support training activities or give the employee the opportunity to perform tasks using skills emphasized in training. Finally, low levels of opportunity to perform may indicate that training content is not important for the employee's job.

If a firm measures its sales volume before and after a training program, which training outcome is it focused on?

Results

Which of the following is not characteristic of case studies?

They allow trainees to act out skills.

Which of the following statements is true of lesson plans?

They ensure that both the trainee and the trainer are aware of the course and program objectives.

Evaluation designs without pre-test or comparison groups are most appropriate when _____.

a company is only interested in whether trainees have achieved a certain proficiency level

Development of effective self-directed learning typically begins with _____.

conducting a job analysis to identify the tasks that must be covered

A _____ refers to an organized program of study designed to meet a complex learning objective.

curriculum

The use of social media as a learning tool will be ineffective in a company that _____.

requires centralized decision making

Formative evaluation involves collecting data about a training program from trainees mainly through _____.

their opinions and feelings about the program

Front-line supervisors are likely most concerned with which training outcomes?

Behavior and skill-based outcomes

_____ best prepares team members to step in and take the place of a member who may temporarily leave the team.

Cross training

Among all training outcomes, cognitive outcomes are most frequently assessed.

False

Behavior modeling is more appropriate for teaching factual information than interpersonal skills.

False

Which of the following is not true regarding the effectiveness of online learning?

Online instruction is better than classroom instruction for procedural knowledge.

_____ demonstrates to key business stakeholders, such as top-level managers, that their assumptions about training have been satisfied.

Return on expectations (ROE)

Describe how awareness of generational differences can help create an appropriate learning environment. Consider at least three of the generations discussed in the text.

Traditionalists prefer a standard training room with a stable, orderly learning environment. They do not like to be put on the spot in front of others. Baby Boomers prefer classroom learning. Baby Boomers respond well to interactive training activities. They like group activities and well-organized training materials that provide an overview of the information and an easy way to access more detailed information. Members of Generation X prefer a self-directed learning environment that includes technology-delivered methods. They respond best to training methods that allow them to work at their own pace. Although techno-savvy, Millennials like to learn by working alone and helping others to learn. They prefer blended learning that includes self-paced online learning for learning basic concepts followed by group activities and hands-on practice for further knowledge and skill acquisition. Nexters (like Millennials) prefer entertaining training activities. Training needs to be interactive and use music, art, and games. Because most training groups include a mix of generations, it is important to provide a learning environment that can benefit all learners.

Which of the following statements is true of near transfer?

Trainees should be encouraged to focus only on important differences between training tasks and work tasks rather than unimportant differences.

The pre-training phase primarily involves _____.

preparing, motivating, and energizing trainees to attend the learning event

Online training is best provided _____.

with one- to two-hour training modules rather than a full-day training session

_____ is based on the principles of social learning theory.

Behavior modeling

A(n) _____ gets learners into the appropriate mental state for learning and allows them to understand the personal and work-related meaningfulness of course content.

Concept map

If training emphasizes total group discussion with limited presentation and no small-group interaction, a _____ seating arrangement will be most effective.

Conference-type

Which of the following positions is characterized by high value and low uniqueness?

Lab Technician