EMR Chapter 14
According to the rule of nines, the front of an adult patient's trunk accounts for ____ of his or her body surface area.
18%
When treating a patient with chemical burns to the eyes, you should flush the eyes with water for at least ____ minutes.
20
Which of the following statements regarding treatment for an impaled object is MOST correct?
A large impaled object may have to be cut closer to the patient's body.
Which of the following statements regarding anaphylactic shock is correct?
Anaphylactic shock usually has a very rapid onset.
Which of the following statements regarding arterial bleeding from an extremity is correct?
Arterial blood will surge from the wound with each heartbeat.
Which of the following statements regarding partial-thickness burns is correct?
Blisters may not form for several hours after the burn.
What occurs when blood pools in the capillaries instead of circulating throughout the circulatory system?
Blood pressure falls.
Which of the following statements regarding respiratory burns is correct?
Breathing problems can develop rapidly or over several hours.
Why is prompt transport of patients with internal bleeding and shock critical to the survival of such patients?
Immediate surgery is often the only way to treat such patients definitively.
Which of the following general statements regarding shock is correct?
Most causes of shock must be treated in the hospital.
Which of the following statements regarding puncture wounds is correct?
Puncture wounds may cause significant internal injury despite minimal external bleeding.
Which of the following statements regarding face and scalp wounds is correct?
Small lacerations can result in a large amount of bleeding.
Which of the following statements regarding the heart is NOT correct?
The atria are highly muscular and do most of the pumping for the heart.
Which of the following statements regarding external bleeding and infectious diseases is MOST correct?
The risk of contracting a disease is low if you use standard precautions.
A dogcatcher was bitten by a stray dog while attempting to put the animal in his truck. The bite is located on the patient's left forearm and is bleeding heavily. You have applied dressings and a bandage to control the bleeding and are awaiting the arrival of a paramedic unit. Which of the following statements regarding this situation is correct?
This incident should be reported to law enforcement officials or the local health department.
The circulatory system consists of all of the following components, EXCEPT:
alveoli.
The tearing away of an entire body part is called a:
amputation.
Spinal cord injuries caused by a gunshot wound would MOST likely occur as the result of:
any gunshot wound to the neck or trunk.
A motorcyclist struck a tree at a high rate of speed. The patient, who was not wearing a helmet, has a large bleeding laceration to his forehead. Closer assessment reveals visible bone fragments in the wound. You should do all of the following, EXCEPT:
apply a tight pressure dressing to the wound to stop the bleeding.
You are attempting to control severe bleeding from a laceration behind a patient's knee. You have applied direct pressure to the wound and elevated the leg, but it continues to bleed severely. You should:
apply a tourniquet proximal to the knee.
Immediate treatment for a patient with an open chest wound involves:
applying an occlusive dressing.
Most external bleeding can be controlled by:
applying direct pressure to the wound.
Patients with cardiogenic shock stand the BEST chance for survival if they:
are transported promptly to an appropriate medical facility.
In addition to maintaining airway, breathing, and circulation, the MOST important aspect to consider when caring for a patient who has fainted as the result of psychogenic shock is:
assessing the patient for any injuries that may have occurred.
When applying a sterile dressing to an open wound of the forearm, you should:
avoid touching the side that will be in contact with the wound.
To compensate for fluid loss, the heart:
begins to pump faster.
Shock resulting from hemorrhage occurs when:
blood escapes from a normally closed circulatory system.
Capillary bleeding is characterized by:
blood that oozes from the patient's injury.
Laying a shock patient flat and elevating his or her legs may cause:
blood to drain from the legs into the circulatory system.
A contusion is also known as a bruise and is an injury that occurs when:
blood vessels beneath the skin are broken.
It is MOST important to bandage both eyes when there is an object impaled in one of them because:
both eyes move together and can result in further injury.
To control external bleeding from the upper arm, you should compress the __________ artery.
brachial
Shortly after you apply an occlusive dressing to the chest of a man who was stabbed, the patient begins to experience increased difficulty breathing. EMTs are en route to the scene but will not arrive for approximately 8 minutes. You should:
briefly remove a corner of the occlusive dressing to allow air to escape.
Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart:
cannot pump enough blood to supply the needs of the body.
All of the following types of shock are caused by capillary expansion, EXCEPT:
cardiogenic shock.
Shock is MOST accurately defined as:
cardiovascular system collapse.
Treatment for an open abdominal wound includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
carefully replacing protruding intestines back into the abdomen.
If a patient appears to be in shock or is unconscious, you should attempt to locate the __________ first.
carotid pulse
Which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator of early shock?
changes in mental status
A young boy has what appears to be a small laceration to his eyeball after his sister threw a toy at him. The child is crying but is surprisingly cooperative. You should:
cover the eye with a dry gauze pad, lie the patient on his back, and arrange for transport to the hospital.
Burns are classified by the:
depth of the burn.
Bleeding from a wound to the male or female genitalia is MOST effectively treated with:
direct pressure.
When treating a patient with an electrical burn, it is important to remember that:
electricity causes major internal damage rather than external damage.
You are the first person to arrive at the scene of a male patient who was kicked in the abdomen. The patient is conscious but has signs of shock. Responding emergency medical technicians (EMTs) are en route to the scene. After ensuring that the patient is breathing adequately, you should:
elevate his legs 6" to 12" (15.2 to 30.4 cm).
As soon as you determine that your patient is in shock, you should begin the appropriate treatment and then:
ensure that an ambulance has been dispatched.
When applying a bandage, you should:
ensure that the dressing completely covers the wound.
Which of the following medications would a patient who is highly allergic to bee stings MOST likely carry?
epinephrine
Signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock include:
facial swelling.
Signs and symptoms of internal bleeding include all of the following, EXCEPT:
flushed, moist skin.
Which of the following burns in the adult equals 18% of the patient's body surface area?
half of the back and an entire arm
Thermal burns are caused by:
heat.
Which of the following conditions would MOST likely cause a nosebleed?
high blood pressure
When applying compression to the major artery of an extremity, bleeding is controlled by:
indirectly preventing blood from flowing into the limb.
When treating any patient with a nosebleed, you should:
instruct the patient not to blow his or her nose.
Most deaths from gunshot wounds are the result of:
internal blood loss caused by damage to internal organs.
When treating a patient in shock caused by pump failure, you should NOT lay the patient down if he or she:
is having trouble breathing.
Compared to the brachial artery pressure point, the femoral artery pressure point:
is more difficult to locate and squeeze.
Compared to the entrance wound caused by a gunshot, the exit wound:
is usually larger.
You are dispatched to a senior citizen center for an elderly woman with a nosebleed. When you arrive, you find the patient sitting in a chair with her head over a basin. Her blood pressure is elevated and she complains of being lightheaded. The MOST appropriate care for this patient consists of:
keeping her in a seated position, tilting her head slightly forward, and pinching both nostrils together for at least 5 minutes.
In addition to ensuring adequate breathing and circulation, the MOST important treatment consideration for the patient in spinal shock is:
keeping the patient's head and neck stabilized.
The pulse is a pressure wave generated through the body's arteries when the __________ contracts.
left ventricle
When treating a patient with major soft-tissue trauma to the neck, you should:
maintain the airway and stabilize the head and neck.
General treatment for shock includes:
maintaining body temperature with blankets.
While caring for a patient in anaphylactic shock, your MOST important concern should be to:
monitor the airway for swelling.
You should immediately place a patient with an object impaled in the eye:
on his or her back.
Treatment for a completely severed arm includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
placing the arm directly on ice.
The transporting medium for the solid parts of the blood is called:
plasma.
Which of the following blood components interacts with other substances in the blood to form clots that help stop bleeding?
platelets
After taking appropriate standard precautions, the FIRST step in applying pressure to the brachial artery to control severe external bleeding is to:
position the arm so that the elbow is bent at a 90º angle.
Intact skin that is blistered following a burn:
provides an excellent barrier against infection.
A patient who faints but quickly regains consciousness once in a horizontal position has MOST likely experienced:
psychogenic shock
When assisting a patient who is experiencing a severe allergic reaction with his or her medication auto-injector, you should:
push the injector firmly against the thigh and hold it in place for several seconds.
As shock progresses in severity, breathing becomes:
rapid and shallow.
A superficial burn is characterized by:
reddened and painful skin.
Shortly after applying a dressing to and bandaging a large laceration on a young man's forearm, the patient begins to complain that his fingers are numb. You check his radial pulse and note that it is absent. You should:
remove the bandage and reapply it without disturbing the dressing.
An industrial plant worker was exposed to a dry powdered chemical when the bag it was in tore while he was carrying it. Both of the patient's arms are covered with the chemical and the patient complains of intense pain. You should:
remove the patient's clothing, brush away as much of the chemical as you can, douse the affected area with water for at least 5 minutes, and then cover the area with a moist, sterile dressing.
After ensuring your own safety, initial treatment for a patient with a chemical burn involves:
removing as much of the chemical from the skin as possible.
A utility worker who was trimming branches away from a high-power line was found unconscious by a bystander. When you arrive at the scene, you note that the patient is lying on top of a power line. He is not moving and does not appear to be breathing. You should:
request fire department or power company assistance to shut off the power.
Oxygen benefits the shock patient because it:
saturates the reduced number of red blood cells.
Which of the following is MOST suggestive of a respiratory burn?
singed nose hairs
Which of the following findings is LEAST suggestive of a closed abdominal wound?
soft abdomen that is sunken in
Dressing and bandaging open wounds are performed for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT to:
stabilize any fractures.
A construction worker was struck on the upper arm with a 2" × 4". He is in severe pain and is holding his arm against his chest. Your assessment reveals a large contusion and swelling at the injury site. You should:
suspect an underlying fracture.
Any time you approach a patient with a soft-tissue injury, your MOST immediate priority should be to:
take standard precautions.
When applying a dressing to an open wound, it is important to:
take steps to prevent further contamination.
The amount of damage caused by a gunshot wound is MOST dependent on the:
type of gun used and the distance between the gun and the victim.
Characteristics of a third-degree burn include all of the following, EXCEPT:
uncontrolled intense pain.
A patient with an infection would be expected to have an increased number of:
white blood cells.
Compression of the femoral artery could be used to control external bleeding from all of the following locations, EXCEPT the:
wrist.
A thorough examination of the patient with a gunshot wound is MOST important because:
you must locate both entrance and exit wounds.
