EMS Exam 2
When assessing a patient with abdominal pain, you should: Select one: a.palpate the abdomen in a clockwise direction, beginning with the quadrant after the one the patient indicates is painful. b.ask the patient to point to the area of pain or tenderness and assess for rebound tenderness over that specific area. c.visually assess the painful area of the abdomen, but avoid palpation because this could worsen his or her condition. d.observe for abdominal guarding, which is characterized by sudden relaxation of the abdominal muscles when palpated.
a.palpate the abdomen in a clockwise direction, beginning with the quadrant after the one the patient indicates is painful.
Pain that may be perceived at a distant point on the surface of the body, such as the back or shoulder, is called: Select one: a.referred pain. b.radiating pain. c.visceral pain. d.remote pain.
a.referred pain.
A generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure is characterized by: Select one: a.severe twitching of all the body's muscles. b.a blank stare and brief lapse of consciousness. c.unconsciousness for greater than 30 minutes. d.a core body temperature of greater than 103°F (40°C).
a.severe twitching of all the body's muscles.
Symptomatic hypoglycemia will MOST likely develop if a patient: Select one: a.takes too much of his or her prescribed insulin. b.markedly overeats and misses an insulin dose. c.eats a regular meal followed by mild exertion. d.misses one or two prescribed insulin injections.
a.takes too much of his or her prescribed insulin.
Prompt transport of a patient with a suspected AMI is important because: Select one: a.the patient may be eligible to receive thrombolytic therapy. b.90% of the cardiac cells will die within the first 30 minutes. c.nitroglycerin can only be given in the emergency department. d.many patients with an AMI die within 6 hours.
a.the patient may be eligible to receive thrombolytic therapy.
The "Golden Hour" begins when an injury occurs and ends when: Select one: a.the patient receives definitive care. b.the patient is admitted to the ICU. c.you depart the scene for the hospital. d.you arrive at the emergency department.
a.the patient receives definitive care.
You receive a call to a residence where a man found his wife unresponsive on the couch. The patient's respiratory rate is 8 breaths/min, her breathing is shallow, her heart rate is 40 beats/min, and her pulse is weak. The husband hands you an empty bottle of hydrocodone (Vicodin), which was refilled the day before. You should: Select one: a.ventilate her with a bag-mask device. b.contact the poison control center. c.perform a rapid head-to-toe exam. d.apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.
a.ventilate her with a bag-mask device.
Epinephrine is indicated for patients with an allergic reaction when: Select one: a.wheezing and hypotension are present. b.the patient is anxious and tachycardic. c.a paramedic is present at the scene. d.the reaction produces severe urticaria.
a.wheezing and hypotension are present.
A 20-year-old male has a large laceration to his wrist. He is holding a blood-soaked towel over the wound, but it continues to bleed rapidly. You should: Select one: a.apply pressure to the brachial artery. b.apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist. c.administer high-flow supplemental oxygen. d.wrap the towel with pressure bandages.
b. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist.
You respond to a residence for a patient with a severe leg injury following an accident with a chainsaw. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 44-year-old male, lying supine in the backyard. He has a partial amputation of his right lower leg that is actively bleeding. The patient is conscious and breathing adequately; however, he is restless and his skin is diaphoretic. You should: Select one: a.immediately evaluate his airway. b.apply direct pressure to the wound. c.assess the rate and quality of his pulse. d.administer 100% supplemental oxygen.
b. apply direct pressure to the wound.
A 47-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain of 3 hours' duration. His abdomen is distended and guarded. Your MOST important consideration for this patient should be to: Select one: a.transport him in a supine position. b.be alert for signs and symptoms of shock. c.assess his blood pressure to determine perfusion adequacy. d.determine the exact location and cause of his pain.
b. be alert for signs and symptoms of shock.
The BEST way to prevent infection from whooping cough is to: Select one: a.ask all patients if they have recently traveled abroad. b.get vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. c.wear a HEPA mask when treating any respiratory patient. d.routinely place a surgical mask on all respiratory patients.
b. get vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.
When ventilating an apneic adult with a bag-mask device, you should deliver each breath: Select one: a.over a period of about 2 to 3 seconds. b.while watching for adequate chest rise. c.every 2 to 3 seconds (20 to 30 breaths/min). d.quickly to ensure adequate ventilation.
b. while watching for adequate chest rise.
An index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as: Select one: a.the EMT's prediction of the type of illness a patient has based on how the call is dispatched. b.your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying and unseen injuries or illness. c.ruling out specific medical conditions based on the absence of certain signs and symptoms. d.determining the underlying cause of a patient's medical condition based on signs and symptoms.
b. your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying and unseen injuries or illness.
Which of the following would MOST likely result in hemorrhagic shock? Select one: a.Severe vomiting b.Liver laceration c.Excessive sweating d.Repeated diarrhea
b.Liver laceration
A sign of respiratory distress seen in the neck is: Select one: a.muscular atrophy. b.accessory muscle use. c.muscular twitches. d.muscular definition.
b.accessory muscle use.
A 19-year-old female was stung multiple times on the legs by fire ants. She states that she is allergic to fire ants, but does not carry her own epinephrine. The patient is conscious and alert and complains of pain to the area of the bites. Her blood pressure is 122/70 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and strong, and her respirations are 18 breaths/min and unlabored. You should: Select one: a.position her legs well above the level of her heart. b.administer oxygen and transport her to the hospital. c.request a paramedic unit to administer epinephrine. d.advise her to see her physician as soon as possible.
b.administer oxygen and transport her to the hospital.
A 60-year-old female presents with a tearing sensation in her lower back. Her skin is sweaty, and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect: Select one: a.kidney stones. b.aortic aneurysm. c.strangulated hernia. d.acute pancreatitis.
b.aortic aneurysm.
Pain that radiates to the right lower quadrant from the umbilical area, nausea and vomiting, and lack of appetite are MOST indicative of: Select one: a.pancreatitis. b.appendicitis. c.cholecystitis. d.gastroenteritis.
b.appendicitis.
A 39-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the groin during an altercation at a bar. As you approach the patient, you note that he is conscious, is screaming in pain, and is attempting to control the bleeding, which is bright red and spurting from his groin area. You should: Select one: a.ensure that his airway is patent. b.apply direct pressure to the wound. c.elevate his legs and keep him warm. d.administer 100% supplemental oxygen.
b.apply direct pressure to the wound.
A 38-year-old woman was bitten by fire ants while at the park. Your primary assessment reveals that she is semiconscious; has labored breathing; and has a rapid, thready pulse. She has a red rash on her entire body, and her face is swollen. You should: Select one: a.perform a rapid secondary assessment. b.assist her ventilations with 100% oxygen. c.locate the area where the fire ants bit her. d.place her supine with her legs elevated.
b.assist her ventilations with 100% oxygen.
A 62-year-old male is seen with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering supplemental oxygen, if needed, and contacting medical control, you should: Select one: a.begin immediate transport and request a rendezvous with a paramedic unit. b.assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg. c.administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin before assessing his blood pressure. d.administer the nitroglycerin unless he has taken Viagra within the past 72 hours.
b.assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg.
When performing chest compressions on an adult, the EMT should compress: Select one: a.at least 1 inch b.at least 2 inches c.between 1 inch and 2 inches d.greater than 2.4 inches
b.at least 2 inches
You and your EMT partner are the first to arrive at the scene of an unresponsive 70-year-old man. Your assessment reveals that he is apneic and pulseless. A paramedic unit is en route to the scene and will arrive in approximately 5 minutes. You should: Select one: a.apply the AED while your partner provides rescue breathing. b.begin CPR, apply the AED, and deliver a shock if it is indicated. c.perform CPR only and wait for the manual defibrillator to arrive. d.begin CPR and have your partner update the responding paramedics.
b.begin CPR, apply the AED, and deliver a shock if it is indicated.
When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is important to remember that: Select one: a.the patient's respirations are deep during the early stages of shock. b.blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock. c.multiple fractures are the most common cause of hypovolemic shock. d.irreversible shock often responds well to a prompt blood transfusion.
b.blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock.
A 30-year-old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. He denies any past medical history and takes no medications. During your assessment, you hear wheezing over all lung fields. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg, and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to giving him high-flow oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is: Select one: a.albuterol. b.epinephrine. c.an antihistamine. d.a beta-antagonist.
b.epinephrine.
In general, oral glucose should be given to any patient who: Select one: a.has a blood glucose level that is less than 100 mg/dL. b.has an altered mental status and a history of diabetes. c.has documented hypoglycemia and an absent gag reflex. d.is unresponsive, even in the absence of a history of diabetes.
b.has an altered mental status and a history of diabetes.
The MOST significant risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke is: Select one: a.severe stress. b.hypertension. c.heavy exertion. d.diabetes mellitus.
b.hypertension.
Gastric distention will MOST likely occur: Select one: a.in patients who are intubated. b.if you ventilate a patient too quickly. c.when you deliver minimal tidal volume. d.when the airway is completely obstructed.
b.if you ventilate a patient too quickly.
After the AED has delivered a shock, the EMT should: Select one: a.assess for a carotid pulse. b.immediately resume CPR. c.re-analyze the cardiac rhythm. d.transport the patient at once.
b.immediately resume CPR.
In contrast to inhalation, exhalation: Select one: a.requires muscular effort to effectively expel air from the lungs. b.is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure. c.occurs when the diaphragm lowers and expels air from the lungs. d.is an active process caused by decreased intrathoracic pressure.
b.is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure.
The hypoxic drive is influenced by: Select one: a.high blood oxygen levels. b.low blood oxygen levels. c.low blood carbon dioxide levels. d.high blood carbon dioxide levels.
b.low blood oxygen levels.
Tidal volume is defined as the volume of air that: Select one: a.is moved through the lungs in a single minute. b.moves into or out of the lungs in a single breath. c.remains in the lungs following a complete exhalation. d.is forced into the lungs as a result of positive pressure.
b.moves into or out of the lungs in a single breath.
You have just completed your primary assessment of a 48-year-old man with crushing chest pain and difficulty breathing. The patient has been given 324 mg of aspirin and is receiving supplemental oxygen. As you begin your secondary assessment, you note that his mental status has deteriorated and he is now bradycardic. You should: Select one: a.continue with your secondary assessment. b.prepare the patient for immediate transport. c.insert a nasal airway and assist his breathing. d.request an ALS unit to respond to the scene.
b.prepare the patient for immediate transport.
A 22-year-old female patient is complaining of dyspnea and numbness and tingling in her hands and feet after an argument with her fiancé. Her respirations are 40 breaths/min. You should: Select one: a.have her breathe into a paper or plastic bag. b.provide reassurance and give oxygen as needed. c.request a paramedic to give her a sedative. d.position her on her left side and transport at once.
b.provide reassurance and give oxygen as needed.
An EMT's primary responsibility to the patient who has been poisoned is to: Select one: a.administer the appropriate antidote. b.recognize that a poisoning occurred. c.administer 25 g of activated charcoal. d.contact poison control immediately.
b.recognize that a poisoning occurred.
The stinger from a honeybee should be: Select one: a.left in place and covered. b.scraped away from the skin. c.squeezed with tweezers and removed. d.irrigated with copious amounts of water.
b.scraped away from the skin.
Solid abdominal organs include the: Select one: a.stomach and small intestine. b.spleen, kidneys, and pancreas. c.gallbladder and large intestine. d.urinary bladder, colon, and ureters.
b.spleen, kidneys, and pancreas.
Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sounds are characteristic of: Select one: a.rales. b.stridor. c.rhonchi. d.wheezing.
b.stridor.
During your assessment of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear wheezing when listening to breath sounds. This indicates: Select one: a.fluid in the alveoli. b.secretions in the airway. c.a lower airway obstruction. d.swelling of the upper airway.
c. a lower airway obstruction.
Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are trade (brand) names for the generic medication: Select one: a.aspirin. b.nitrostat. c.ibuprofen. d.acetaminophen.
c. ibuprofen.
The secondary assessment of a medical patient: Select one: a.should routinely include a comprehensive examination from head to toe. b.should be performed at the scene, especially if the patient is critically ill. c.is not practical if the patient is critically ill or your transport time is short. d.is typically limited to a focused exam for patients who are unconscious.
c. is not practical if the patient is critically ill or your transport time is short.
To ensure that you will deliver the appropriate number of chest compressions during one-rescuer adult CPR, you should compress the patient's chest at a rate of: Select one: a.80 to 100 compressions per minute. b.at least 120 compressions per minute. c.100 to 120 compressions per minute. d.no greater than 100 compressions per minute.
c.100 to 120 compressions per minute.
Which of the following statements regarding the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is correct? Select one: a.MDIs are contraindicated for patients with asthma or emphysema. b.MDIs are most commonly used by patients with cardiovascular disease. c.An MDI delivers the same amount of medication every time it is used. d.Shaking an MDI prior to use will cause deactivation of the medication.
c.An MDI delivers the same amount of medication every time it is used.
Which of the following sets of vital signs would the EMT mostlikely encounter in a patient with acute cocaine overdose? Select one: a.BP, 60/40 mm Hg; pulse, 140 beats/min b.BP, 190/90 mm Hg; pulse, 40 beats/min c.BP, 200/100 mm Hg; pulse, 150 beats/min d.BP, 180/100 mm Hg; pulse, 50 beats/min
c.BP, 200/100 mm Hg; pulse, 150 beats/min
Most patients with abdominal pain prefer to: Select one: a.lie on their side with their knees drawn into the abdomen. b.sit in a semi-Fowler position with their knees slightly bent. c.lie in a supine position with their knees in a flexed position. d.sit fully upright because it helps relax the abdominal muscles.
a. lie on their side with their knees drawn into the abdomen.
During a 30-minute transport of a stable patient, you should reassess him or her at least ________ times. Select one: a.2 b.3 c.4 d.6
a.2
A patient in unstable condition should be reassessed at least every: Select one: a.5 minutes. b.10 minutes. c.15 minutes. d.20 minutes.
a.5 minutes.
In the adult, bradycardia is defined as a pulse rate less than _______ beats/min, and tachycardia is defined as a heart rate greater than _______ beats/min. Select one: a.60, 100 b.50, 110 c.40, 120 d.30, 130
a.60, 100
During your assessment of a 50-year-old male who was found unresponsive in an alley, you note that he has slow, shallow respirations; bradycardia; facial cyanosis; and pinpoint pupils. As your partner begins assisting the patient's ventilations, he directs your attention to the patient's arms, which have multiple needle tracks on them. Which of the following would most likely explain the patient's presentation? Select one: a.Heroin overdose b.Alcohol intoxication c.Closed-head injury d.Delirium tremens
a.Heroin overdose
Which of the following medication routes has the slowest rate of absorption? Select one: a.Oral b.Rectal c.Inhalation d.Sublingual
a.Oral
After ensuring his or her own safety, the EMT's next priority when caring for a patient with a behavioral emergency is to: Select one: a.assess the patient's response to his or her environment. b.diagnose the patient's problem and provide definitive treatment. c.transport the patient directly to a specialized psychiatric facility. d.determine the underlying cause of the problem and offer advice.
a.assess the patient's response to his or her environment.
Kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is: Select one: a.attempting to eliminate acids from the blood. b.trying to generate energy by breathing deeply. c.severely hypoxic and eliminating excess CO2. d.compensating for decreased blood glucose levels.
a.attempting to eliminate acids from the blood.
Initial treatment to dislodge a severe foreign body airway obstruction in a responsive infant involves: Select one: a.back slaps. b.bag-mask ventilation. c.abdominal thrusts. d.blind finger sweeps.
a.back slaps.
A 19-year-old male complains of "not feeling right." His insulin and a syringe are on a nearby table. The patient says he thinks he took his insulin and cannot remember whether he ate. He is also unable to tell you the time or what day it is. The glucometer reads "error" after several attempts to assess his blood glucose level. You should: Select one: a.contact medical control and administer oral glucose. b.assist him with his insulin injection and reassess him. c.request a paramedic ambulance to administer IV glucose. d.transport only with close, continuous monitoring en route.
a.contact medical control and administer oral glucose.
Nitroglycerin relieves cardiac-related chest pain by: Select one: a.dilating the coronary arteries and improving cardiac blood flow. b.increasing the amount of stress that is placed on the myocardium. c.contracting the smooth muscle of the coronary and cerebral arteries. d.constricting the coronary arteries and improving cardiac blood flow.
a.dilating the coronary arteries and improving cardiac blood flow.
The medical term for a low blood glucose level is: Select one: a.hypoglycemia. b.hyperglycemia. c.hypotension. d.hypertension.
a.hypoglycemia.
You are assisting an asthma patient with his prescribed metered-dose inhaler. After the patient exhales, and before inhaling, the patient should put his or her lips around the inhaler, take a deep breath, and depress the inhale. You should: Select one: a.instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can. b.immediately reapply the oxygen mask and reassess his condition. c.advise him to exhale forcefully to ensure medication absorption. d.allow him to breathe room air and assess his oxygen saturation.
a.instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can.
A 28-year-old female patient is found to be responsive to verbal stimuli only. Her roommate states that she was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and has had difficulty controlling her blood sugar level. She further tells you that the patient has been urinating excessively and has progressively worsened over the last 24 to 36 hours. On the basis of this patient's clinical presentation, you should suspect that she: Select one: a.is significantly hyperglycemic. b.has a low blood glucose level. c.has a urinary tract infection. d.has overdosed on her insulin.
a.is significantly hyperglycemic
When caring for a patient with an altered mental status and signs of circulatory compromise, you should: Select one: a.limit your time at the scene to 10 minutes or less, if possible. b.perform a detailed secondary assessment prior to transporting the patient. c.transport immediately and begin all emergency treatment en route to the hospital. d.have a paramedic unit respond to the scene if it is less than 15 minutes away.
a.limit your time at the scene to 10 minutes or less, if possible.
An acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs when: Select one: a.myocardial tissue dies secondary to an absence of oxygen. b.the heart muscle progressively weakens and dysfunctions. c.coronary artery dilation decreases blood flow to the heart. d.the entire left ventricle is damaged and cannot pump blood.
a.myocardial tissue dies secondary to an absence of oxygen.
A 22-year-old male with a history of clinical depression called 9-1-1 and stated that he has attempted to kill himself. Your unit and law enforcement officers arrive at the scene simultaneously. You find the patient lying supine on the living room floor. He is unresponsive and cyanotic. An empty bottle of hydromorphone (Dilaudid) is found on an adjacent table. You should: Select one: a.open the patient's airway and assess his respirations. b.ask the police to handcuff the patient for safety purposes. c.provide care after determining what Dilaudid is used for. d.wait for the police to examine him before providing care.
a.open the patient's airway and assess his respirations.
EMTs arrive at the scene of a patient who was "found down." A family member states that she gave naloxone (Narcan) to the patient before the ambulance arrived. The EMTs should suspect that the patient: Select one: a.overdosed on an opioid drug. b.has a low blood glucose level. c.experienced a prolonged seizure. d.has a history of allergic reactions.
a.overdosed on an opioid drug.
Which of the following statements regarding pulse oximetry is correct? Select one: a.The pulse oximeter is a valuable assessment tool that measures the percentage of red blood cells that contain hemoglobin molecules. b.Caution must be exercised when using the pulse oximeter on a patient with carbon monoxide poisoning because falsely low readings are common. c.Pulse oximetry measures the percentage of hemoglobin that is saturated with oxygen but does not measure the actual hemoglobin content of the blood. d.Most otherwise healthy patients can maintain adequate oxygenation and good skin color with oxygen saturation readings as low as 70% to 80%.
c.Pulse oximetry measures the percentage of hemoglobin that is saturated with oxygen but does not measure the actual hemoglobin content of the blood.
Which of the following conditions often requires transport to a hospital with specialized capabilities that may not be available at the closest hospital? Select one: a.Seizures and infection b.Cardiac arrest and shock c.Stroke and heart attack d.Diabetes and migraines
c.Stroke and heart attack
In which position should you restrain a physically uncooperative patient? Select one: a.Prone b.With hands tied behind the back c.Supine d.With arms and legs bound together
c.Supine
Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct? Select one: a.Most cells will function normally without glucose. b.Blood glucose levels decrease in the absence of insulin. c.The brain requires glucose as much as it requires oxygen. d.The brain requires insulin to allow glucose to enter the cells.
c.The brain requires glucose as much as it requires oxygen.
Components of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale include: Select one: a.speech, pupil reaction, and memory. b.arm drift, memory, and grip strength. c.arm drift, speech, and facial droop. d.facial droop, speech, and pupil size.
c.arm drift, speech, and facial droop.
It is MOST important for the EMT to remember that suicidal patients may: Select one: a.inject illicit drugs. b.be self-destructive. c.be homicidal as well. d.have a definitive plan.
c.be homicidal as well.
The jaw-thrust maneuver is used to open the airway of patients with suspected: Select one: a.mandibular fractures. b.upper airway swelling. c.cervical spine injuries. d.copious oral secretions.
c.cervical spine injuries.
A 3-year-old female ingested several leaves from a plant in the living room. The child's mother is not sure what type of plant it is, stating that she bought it simply because it was pretty. After completing your primary assessment of the child, you should: Select one: a.administer 25 g of activated charcoal. b.induce vomiting with syrup of ipecac. c.contact the regional poison control center. d.immediately transport the child to the hospital.
c.contact the regional poison control center.
A patient with profuse sweating is referred to as being: Select one: a.flushed. b.plethoric. c.diaphoretic. d.edematous.
c.diaphoretic.
Posttraumatic stress disorder can happen after: Select one: a.alcohol withdrawal. b.a bout with depression. c.exposure to or injury from a traumatic occurrence. d.extended periods of hyperthermia or hypothermia.
c.exposure to or injury from a traumatic occurrence.
In a healthy individual, the brain stem stimulates breathing on the basis of: Select one: a.increased oxygen levels. b.decreased oxygen levels. c.increased carbon dioxide levels. d.decreased carbon dioxide levels.
c.increased carbon dioxide levels.
You are dispatched to an apartment complex where a 21-year-old female has apparently overdosed on several narcotic medications. She is semiconscious and has slow, shallow respirations. You should: Select one: a.insert an oropharyngeal airway and perform oral suctioning. b.apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask and transport at once. c.insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisted ventilation. d.place her in the recovery position and monitor for vomiting.
c.insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisted ventilation.
The mental status of a patient who has experienced a generalized seizure: Select one: a.progressively worsens over a period of a few hours. b.is easily differentiated from that of acute hypoglycemia. c.is likely to improve over a period of 5 to 30 minutes. d.typically does not improve, even after several minutes.
c.is likely to improve over a period of 5 to 30 minutes.
A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should: Select one: a.check the drug's expiration date to ensure that it is still current. b.contact medical control and apprise him or her of what you did. c.reassess the patient and document her response to the medication. d.administer another treatment in 30 seconds if she is still in distress.
c.reassess the patient and document her response to the medication.
A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer high-flow oxygen and give him epinephrine via intramuscular injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should: Select one: a.transport him immediately and provide supportive care while en route. b.consider that he may actually be experiencing an acute asthma attack. c.repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control. d.request a paramedic unit that is stationed approximately 15 miles away.
c.repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control.
Prior to applying a nonrebreathing mask to a patient, you must ensure that the: Select one: a.one-way valve is sealed. b.flow rate is set at 6 L/min. c.reservoir bag is fully inflated. d.patient has reduced tidal volume.
c.reservoir bag is fully inflated.
During your treatment of a woman in cardiac arrest, you apply the AED, analyze her cardiac rhythm, and receive a "no shock advised" message. This indicates that: Select one: a.the AED has detected asystole. b.the AED detected patient motion. c.she is not in ventricular fibrillation. d.she has a pulse and does not need CPR.
c.she is not in ventricular fibrillation.
A patient who is experiencing aphasia is: Select one: a.not able to swallow without choking. b.experiencing a right hemispheric stroke. c.unable to produce or understand speech. d.usually conscious but has slurred speech.
c.unable to produce or understand speech.
Sudden death following AMI is MOST often caused by: Select one: a.cardiogenic shock. b.severe bradycardia. c.ventricular fibrillation. d.congestive heart failure.
c.ventricular fibrillation.
A 25-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car hit a tree while traveling at a high rate of speed. She has signs and symptoms of shock, which you suspect are the result of intrathoracic bleeding. Which of the following interventions will provide this patient with the greatest chance for survival? Select one: a.High-flow oxygen administration b.Full immobilization of her spine c.Intravenous fluid administration d.Rapid transport to a trauma center
d. Rapid transport to a trauma center
A 49-year-old male presents with confusion, sweating, and visual hallucinations. The patient's wife tells you that he is a heavy drinker and that he might have had a seizure shortly before your arrival. This patient is most likely experiencing: Select one: a.acute hypovolemia. b.alcohol intoxication. c.acute schizophrenia. d.delirium tremens.
d. delirium tremens.
Status epilepticus is characterized by: Select one: a.generalized seizures that last less than 5 minutes. b.an absence seizure that is not preceded by an aura. c.profound tachycardia and total muscle flaccidity. d.prolonged seizures without a return of consciousness.
d. prolonged seizures without a return of consciousness.
The adult epinephrine auto-injector delivers ______ mg of epinephrine, and the infant-child auto-injector delivers ______ mg. Select one: a.0.1; 0.01 b.0.01; 0.1 c.0.03; 0.3 d.0.3; 0.15
d.0.3; 0.15
In two-rescuer adult CPR, you should deliver a compression to ventilation ratio of: Select one: a.5:1. b.5:2. c.15:2. d.30:2.
d.30:2.
A patient with a history of schizophrenia called EMS because he was experiencing abdominal pain. When law enforcement arrived, the patient became violent, necessitating the placement of handcuffs. When you assess the patient, he tells you that killing someone will make his abdominal pain go away. His vital signs are stable. How should you manage this situation? Select one: a.Transport the patient in a prone position on the stretcher. b.Request that a police officer transport him to the hospital. c.Refuse to transport the patient because of his homicidal threat. d.Request a police officer to accompany you in the ambulance.
d.Request a police officer to accompany you in the ambulance.
A raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin that is the result of an insect bite or sting is called: Select one: a.a pustule. b.purpura. c.urticaria. d.a wheal.
d.a wheal.
A 60-year-old man is found to be unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. You should: Select one: a.start CPR and transport immediately. b.withhold CPR until he is defibrillated. c.determine if he has a valid living will. d.begin CPR until an AED is available.
d.begin CPR until an AED is available.
General guidelines for managing a patient with a behavioral emergency include: Select one: a.firmly identifying yourself as an EMS provider. b.placing the patient between yourself and an exit. c.allowing the patient to be alone if he or she wishes. d.being prepared to spend extra time with the patient.
d.being prepared to spend extra time with the patient.
A construction worker complains of intense pain after a bag of dry powder was spilled on his arm. The EMT should: Select one: a.cover the exposed area with a sterile dressing and elevate his arm. b.brush the chemical from his arm and cover it with a sterile dressing. c.immediately flush the skin with clean water for 15 to 20 minutes. d.brush the chemical from his arm and then flush the skin with water.
d.brush the chemical from his arm and then flush the skin with water.
Cyanosis of the skin is caused by: Select one: a.increased blood oxygen. b.peripheral vasodilation. c.venous vasoconstriction. d.decreased blood oxygen.
d.decreased blood oxygen.
A 29-year-old male complains of a severe headache and nausea that has gradually worsened over the past 12 hours. He is conscious, alert, and oriented and tells you that his physician diagnosed him with migraine headaches. He further tells you that he has taken numerous different medications, but none of them seems to help. His blood pressure is 132/74 mm Hg, his pulse is 110 beats/min and strong, and his respirations are 20 breaths/min. Treatment should include: Select one: a.assisting him with his migraine medication and transporting without lights and siren. b.placing him in a supine position and transporting with lights and siren to a stroke center. c.applying warm compresses to the back of his neck and transporting with lights and siren. d.dimming the lights in the back of the ambulance and transporting without lights and siren.
d.dimming the lights in the back of the ambulance and transporting without lights and siren.
The goal of the primary assessment is to: Select one: a.determine if the patient's problem is medical or traumatic. b.identify patients that require transport to a trauma center. c.determine the need to perform a head-to-toe assessment. d.identify and rapidly treat all life-threatening conditions.
d.identify and rapidly treat all life-threatening conditions.
Hypoxia is MOST accurately defined as: Select one: a.high oxygen levels in the tissues and cells. b.a decrease in arterial oxygen levels. c.an increase in carbon dioxide in the blood. d.inadequate oxygen to the tissues and cells.
d.inadequate oxygen to the tissues and cells.
Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs when: Select one: a.blood glucose levels rapidly fall. b.the cells rapidly metabolize glucose. c.the pancreas produces excess insulin. d.insulin is not available in the body.
d.insulin is not available in the body.
Because the stinger of a honeybee remains in the wound following a sting: Select one: a.the stinger should quickly be removed with tweezers. b.the body's immune system deactivates the bee's venom. c.the toxicity of the venom decreases within 10 minutes. d.it can continue to inject venom for up to 20 minutes.
d.it can continue to inject venom for up to 20 minutes.
The goal of the systematic head-to-toe exam that is performed during the secondary assessment is to: Select one: a.detect and treat all non-life-threatening injuries. b.assess only the parts of the body that are injured. c.definitively rule out significant internal injuries. d.locate injuries not found in the primary assessment.
d.locate injuries not found in the primary assessment.
Distributive shock occurs when: Select one: a.an injury causes restriction of the heart muscle and impairs its pumping function. b.severe bleeding causes tachycardia in order to distribute blood to the organs faster. c.temporary but severe vasodilation causes a decrease in blood supply to the brain. d.widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds.
d.widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds.
