EMT 20-23

Make sure to use ___________ when attempting to control vaginal bleeding

external pads

Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with an overdose of a cardiac medication?

Urinary incontinence

What are small, raised areas that itch?

Urticaria

_________can cause significant blood loss and lead to hypovolemia.

Vaginal bleeding

In contrast to a behavioral crisis, a psychiatric emergency occurs when a person:

becomes agitated or violent and is a threat to him- or herself or others.

The major side effect associated with administration of activated charcoal is:

black stools

Chlorine:

causes pulmonary edema

In evaluating a situation that is considered a behavioral emergency, the first things to consider are:

scene safety and patient response

When taking a history on a patient experiencing a gynecologic emergency, you should consider asking all the following EXCEPT:

How many sexual partners have you had in the past?

Which of the following is NOT considered a risk factor for suicide?

Recent marriage

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding assessment and treatment of a woman who was the victim of sexual assault

You should question the victim thoroughly about the assaulter in case the police missed any details

In dealing with allergy-related emergencies, you must be aware of the possibility of acute______ and cardiovascular collapse

airway obstruction

Which of the following conditions or situations would MOST likely make excited delirium worse?

alcohol withdrawal

Activated charcoal may be indicated for a patient who ingested:

aspirin

Ringing of the ears is associated with an overdose of:

aspirin

Medical problems that may cause the patient to present as intoxicated include all of the following EXCEPT:

diarrhea

Psychological disorder that impairs bodily function when the body seems to be structurally normal

Functional Disorder

You are assessing a conscious 55-year-old male with a sudden change in behavior. Which of the following clinical findings would be MOST suggestive of dysfunction of this patient's central nervous system?

Rapid eye movement

Symptoms of ______ appear approximately 2 to 10 days after exposure.

gonorrhea

The foreign substance responsible for causing an allergic reaction is called a(n):

allergen

Localized signs and symptoms of absorbed poisoning include:

burns, irritations of the skin

Each ovary produces an ovum in alternating months and releases it into the:

fallopian tubes

Organic brain syndrome may be caused by:

seizure disorders

Sympathomimetics are CNS stimulants that frequently cause:

tachycardia

When caring for a woman who is experiencing a gynecologic emergency, the EMT's main focus should be to:

maintain her ABCs and transport without delay.

All of the following are examples of a functional disorder EXCEPT:

organic brain syndrome

The goal of invaders such as bacteria and viruses is to __________.

use a human body as a home

Which of the following conditions or factors would be the LEAST likely to result in a change in behavior?

Antihypertensive medications

Substance abuse is MOST accurately defined as:

knowingly misusing a substance to produce a desired effect.

You should request the assistance of a _____ when a mentally impaired patient refuses to go to the hospital

law enforcement officer

Rape is considered a _____ diagnosis, not a medical diagnosis

legal

Anaphylaxis is not always life threatening, but it typically involves:

multiple organ systems

Signs and symptoms of staphylococcal food poisoning include:

nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

Bacterial vaginosis is a condition that occurs when:

normal bacteria in the vagina are replaced by an overgrowth of other bacterial forms.

Airborne substances should be diluted with:

oxygen

Steps for assisting a patient with administration of an EpiPen include:

taking body substance isolation precautions

Your assessment of the patient experiencing an allergic reaction should include evaluations of all the following EXCEPT the:

reproductive system

People with _______ may experience symptoms including delusions, hallucinations, a lack of interest in pleasure, and erratic speech.

schizophrenia

The stinger from a honeybee should be:

scraped away from the skin

Inhalant effects range from mild drowsiness to coma, but unlike most other sedative-hypnotics these agents may often cause:

seizures

Activated charcoal is in the form of a(n)

suspension

Epinephrine stimulates the ________ response, increasing blood pressure and relieving bronchospasm.

sympathetic

Medical problems that may cause the patient to present as intoxicated include all of the following, EXCEPT:

syncope

Prolonged respiratory difficulty can cause______, shock, and even death.

tachycardia

Signs and symptoms of a sympathomimetic drug overdose include:

tachycardia

Why do patients wheeze?

Bronchioles are constricting

What does the "PID Shuffle" refer to?

A distinctive gait when the patient walks

The effects of epinephrine are typically observed within _________ following administration.

1 minute

The dosage of epinephrine in an adult EpiPen is:

0.30 mg

You have been called to a park where a local church is holding a potluck dinner. As you exit your ambulance, a woman approaches you holding her 7-year-old son who is wheezing and having difficulty breathing. She informs you that he inadvertently ate a brownie with nuts, and he is allergic to nuts. The child's mother has an EpiPen that contains the appropriate dose of epinephrine for a child. What dose would that be?

0.15 mg

lIf an abnormal or disturbing pattern of behavior lasts for at least __________, it is regarded as a matter of concern from a mental health standpoint

1 month

If the patient has a chemical agent in the eyes, you should irrigate the eyes quickly and thoroughly for at least 5 to ____ minutes for acid substances.

10

When assisting with an auto-injector, how long should you hold the pen against the thigh?

10 seconds

The onset of menstruation usually occurs between the ages of:

11 and 16 years

Because the stinger of the honeybee is barbed and remains in the wound, it can continue to inject venom for up to:

20 minutes

The effects of bath salts can last as long as:

48 hours

Which of the following patients would MOST likely have a delayed onset of an allergic reaction?

A 45-year-old male who ingested penicillin

A 37-year-old male is having a severe allergic reaction to penicillin. He does not have an epinephrine auto-injector and your protocols do not allow you to carry epinephrine on the ambulance. How should you proceed with the treatment of this patient?

Administer oxygen, transport at once, and request a paramedic intercept.

Which of the following is NOT a part of treatment for patients who have overdosed?

Administer syrup of ipecac

_____is a behavior that is characterized by restlessness and irregular physical activity.

Agitation

Which of the following statements regarding the physical examination of a patient with a behavioral problem is correct?

Although the physical exam can be difficult, the patient's emotional state may be determined by noting facial expressions, pulse rate, and respirations.

Anticholinergic

An agent that blocks parasympathetic nerves

Cholinergic

An agent that overstimulates body functions controlled by the parasympathetic nerves

Care for a victim of an immunologic emergency who is severely hypotensive should include which of the following?

Apply high-flow oxygen therapy, place the patient in a shock position, and help maintain the patient's body temperature.

Which of the following is NOT a narcotic?

Ativan

What you can see of a person's response to the environment; his or her actions

Behavior

____________ is what you can see of a person's response to the environment.

Behavior

Any reaction to events that interferes with activities of daily living or is unacceptable to the patient or others

Behavioral crisis

Dean, a man in his 50s, is acting irrationally. His wife states that he thinks he is the dictator of a small country, and he is wearing nothing but a baseball cap and a belt with a small handgun attached to it. What is your best course of action?

Call for police backup

Which of the following is NOT considered a sign or symptom of alcohol withdrawal?

Chest pain

Condition of impairment in cognitive function that can present with disorientation, hallucinations, or delusions

Delirium

Which of the following medications blocks the release of histamines?

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor to consider when assessing a suicidal patient?

Does the patient appear to be well groomed?

Your paramedic partner administers atropine to a 49-year-old male with bradycardia. Which of the following side effects would you expect the patient to experience?

Dry mucous membranes

________ pregnancy and spontaneous abortion are two conditions that can cause vaginal bleeding in women who do not appear to be pregnant and who may not realize they are pregnant.

Ectopic

Which of the following is NOT considered a possible cause of a psychiatric disorder:

Emotional disturbance

Which of the following is NOT one of the five common allergen categories?

Environments

Which of the following is a normal reaction to a crisis situation?

Feeling "blue" after the breakup of a long-term relationship

Painful urination associated with burning and a yellowish discharge is associated with:

Gonorrhea

You have responded to the home of a 26-year-old woman who has reportedly taken a large number of pills in an attempt to commit suicide. As you enter the living room, you see her sleeping in her chair, and several empty alcohol containers are present. She is breathing heavily. You are able to arouse her consciousness for a short period of time. Which course of action takes priority?

Have her take activated charcoal while she is conscious.

Which of the following is NOT typically linked to a psychological or behavioral crisis?

History of smoking

The ingestion of marijuana can lead to a cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, resulting in extreme nausea and vomiting. How are these symptoms typically relieved?

Hot Showers

What is the most common presenting sign or symptom of PID?

Lower abdominal pain (and PID Shuffle)

Which of the following clinical presentations is MOST consistent with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

Lower abdominal pain, fever, general malaise, and foul-smelling vaginal discharge

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Most people with a mental illness are dangerous

Which of the following would NOT provide clues to the nature of the poison?

Open windows

Which of the following statements regarding gonorrhea is correct?

Painful urination is a common symptom of gonorrhea in both men and women.

Patients may experience allergic reactions to which of the following substances?

Plant material, Food and medications, Insect or animal bites and stings

Illness with psychological or behavioral symptoms that may result in impaired functioning

Psychiatric Disorder

A state of delusion in which the person is out of touch with reality

Psychosis

A patient with a history of schizophrenia called EMS because he was experiencing abdominal pain. When law enforcement arrived, the patient became violent, necessitating the placement of handcuffs. When you assess the patient, he tells you that killing someone will make his abdominal pain go away. His vital signs are stable. How should you manage this situation?

Request a police officer to accompany you in the ambulance

_____ crack produces the most rapid means of absorption and therefore the most potent effect

Smoked

Which of the following sounds indicates swelling of the upper airway?

Stridor

Leukotriene

Substance made by the body that is released in anaphylaxis

What type of physical activity may be an indicator of risk to the EMT?

Tense muscles

Physical tension is often a warning signal of impending hostility. What sign might warn you of physical tension?

Tension

Which of the following statements regarding epinephrine administration via the intramuscular (IM) route is correct?

The 1:1000 concentration should be used.

Which of the following would MOST likely provide clues regarding the source of a patient's allergic reaction?

The environment where the patient was found

Which of the following statements regarding injected poisons is FALSE?

They are easily diluted once in the bloodstream

Which of the following signs/symptoms are indicative of respiratory involvement of an allergic reaction?

Tightness in the chest or throat

Which of the following negative effects of anaphylaxis will be the MOST rapidly fatal if not treated immediately?

Upper airway swelling

Which of the following physiologic actions does epinephrine produce when given for an allergic reaction?

Vasoconstriction and bronchodilation

What warning signs can be detected from the scene?

Weapons near the patient

Organic brain syndrome is defined as:

a dysfunction of the brain caused by abnormal physical or physiological function.

At the site of the injury, signs and symptoms of an animal or insect bite or sting may include pain, localized heat, and a wheal, which appears as __________.

a raised, well-defined area of the skin

A raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin that is the result of an insect bite or sting is called:

a wheal

Learning to adapt to a variety of situations in daily life, including stresses and strains, is called:

adjustment

A 4-year-old, 15-kg male ingested an unknown quantity of acetaminophen (Tylenol). The child's mother states that she does not know when the ingestion occurred. The child is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. The EMT should:

administer 15g of activated charcoal

A 19-year-old female was stung multiple times on the legs by fire ants. She states that she is allergic to fire ants, but does not carry her own epinephrine. The patient is conscious and alert and complains of pain to the area of the bites. Her blood pressure is 122/70 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and strong, and her respirations are 18 breaths/min and unlabored. You should:

administer oxygen and transport her to the hospital.

Treatment for ingestion of poisonous plants includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

administering activated charcoal

Which of the following is NOT a typical ingested poison

aerosol propellants

Naloxone (Narcan) should only be used in a patient with suspected opiate or opioid overdose who has:

agonal respirations or apnea

In general, injected poisons are impossible to dilute or remove because they:

are usually absorbed quickly into the body.

Your priority in caring for a patient with a surface contact poisoning is to:

avoid contaminating yourself

A 66-year-old male presents with bizarre behavior. His daughter states that he did not seem to recognize her and was very rude to her. The patient is conscious, and has a patent airway and adequate breathing. You should:

ask the daughter how her father normally behaves

You respond to a college campus for a young male who is acting strangely. After law enforcement has secured the scene, you enter the patient's dorm room and find him sitting on the edge of the bed; he appears agitated. As you approach him, you note that he has dried blood around both nostrils. He is breathing adequately, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is 200/110 mm Hg. Treatment for this patient includes:

attempting to calm him and giving him oxygen if tolerated

The MOST important consideration in caring for a patient who has been exposed to an organophosphate insecticide or some other cholinergic agent is to:

avoid exposure yourself

Left untreated, ____ can lead to premature birth or low birth weight in pregnant women.

bacterial vaginosis

When restraining a patient without the appropriate order, legal actions may involve charges of:

battery

After administering activated charcoal to a patient, it is MOST important to:

be alert for vomiting

When assessing a patient with a behavioral crisis, you should:

be direct and clearly state your intentions.

If the interruption of daily routine tends to recur on a regular basis, the behavior is also considered a ______ crisis

behavioral

General guidelines for managing a patient with a behavioral emergency include:

being prepared to spend extra time with the patient

In rare cases, ____ causes arthritis that may be accompanied with skin lesions and inflammation of the eyes and urethra

chlamydia

Inhaled poisons include

chlorine

Often the most important intervention for a sexual assault patient is to _______ and transport to a facility with a staff specially trained to deal with this scenario.

comforting reassurance

Your _____ is the best tool to gain the patient's confidence to seek medical help.

compassion

When assessing the history, all of the following are past behaviors you want to know the patient has exhibited EXCEPT:

cooperative behavior

Speed is essential because in severe cases of anaphylaxis, ____ can occur rapidly.

death

The single most significant factor that contributes to suicide is:

depression

Safety guidelines for behavioral emergencies include all the following EXCEPT:

determining the underlying psychiatric disorder

Common side effects of epinephrine include all of the following, EXCEPT:

drowsiness

In addition to ensuring his or her own safety, the EMT's responsibility when caring for a patient with a behavioral emergency is to:

diffuse and control the situation and safely transport the patient.

When documenting abnormal behavior, it is important to:

document everything that happened on the call

Signs of symptoms of insect stings or bites include all of the following EXCEPT:

ecchymosis

The first step in assessing a patient with a behavioral emergency is to:

ensure your safety

It is important to remember that some chemicals ____ when they come in contact with water.

explode

Anaphylaxis is MOST accurately defined as a(n):

extreme allergic reaction that may affect multiple body systems.

Wheezing occurs because excessive ____ and mucus are secreted into the bronchial passages

fluid

The patient tells you she would really like to be transported to the hospital but refuses a physical examination. You should:

follow your system's refusal of treatment policy and respect the patient's wishes without judgment

You are called to the scene of a possible assault. Upon arrival, you are directed by police to a dark room where you find a 22-year-old woman who says she was sexually assaulted by a coworker this afternoon. The patient tells you that she would really like to be transported to the hospital but refuses a physical examination. You should:

follow your system's refusal of treatment policy and respect the patient's wishes without judgment.

Common names for activated charcoal include all of the following, EXCEPT:

fructose

Whenever possible, a female sexual assault victim should be:

given the option of being treated by a female EMT.

When a woman presents with abdominal pain or other vague symptoms, the EMT is often unable to determine the nature of the problem until he or she:

has gathered patient history information

Urticaria is the medical term for:

hives

Questions to ask when obtaining a history from a patient appearing to have an allergic reaction include:

how the patient was exposed

____ is a highly toxic, colorless, and flammable gas with a distinctive rotten eggs odor

hydrogen sulfide

Signs and symptoms of agitated delirium include all of the following EXCEPT:

hyperventilation

An altered mental status may arise from:

inadequate blood flow to the brain

"Nerve gases" overstimulate normal body functions that are controlled by parasympathetic nerves, causing:

increased salivation

Anaphylaxis caused by stinging insects is typically an allergic reaction to ____________ rather than the bite or sting itself.

injected poison, irritating toxin, or deadly venom

Which of the following is TRUE regarding injected poisons:

injected poisons cannot be diluted

A 25-year-old man overdosed on heroin and is unresponsive. His breathing is slow and shallow and he is bradycardic. He has track marks on both arms. The EMT should:

insert a nasal airway and ventilate with a BVM.

Which of the following is NOT considered a typical route of administration for naloxone

intradermal

The poison control center will be able to provide you with the most information regarding the appropriate treatment for a patient with a drug overdose if the center:

is aware of the substance that is involved

If a woman with vaginal bleeding reports syncope, the EMT should assume that she:

is in shock

People at a higher risk for suicide include all of the following, EXCEPT:

married males older than 30 years

After administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 22-year-old female with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and resolution of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardic. You should:

monitor her closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine.

After administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 22-year-old woman with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and dissipation of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardic. You should:

monitor her closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine.

What kind of speech may be an indicator of emotional distress

obscene speech

Before giving activated charcoal, you should:

obtain approval from medical control

A 22-year-old male with a history of clinical depression called 9-1-1 and stated that he has attempted to kill himself. Your unit and law enforcement officers arrive at the scene simultaneously. You find the patient lying supine on the living room floor. He is unresponsive and cyanotic. An empty bottle of hydromorphone (Dilaudid) is found on an adjacent table. You should:

open the patient's airway and assess his respirations

Possible causes of vaginal bleeding include all the following EXCEPT

peptic ulcer

A functional disorder is a:

physiological disorder in the absence of a structural abnormality.

After removing the auto-injector from the patient's thigh, you should do all of the following EXCEPT:

place ice on the injection site.

If a patient with vaginal bleeding presents with a rapid pulse and pale or cool skin, you should:

place the patient in a supine position with her legs elevated.

When performing a physical exam on a victim of sexual assault, you should:

place the patient's clothing into a paper bag.

The presence of burning or blistering of the mucous membranes suggests ingestion of

poison

Immediately after giving an epinephrine injection, you should:

properly dispose of the syringe

When a foreign substance invades the body, the body will __________.

protect itself, go on alert, and attempt to inactivate the foreign substance

Patients may show agitation or violence or become a threat to themselves or others when they experience a(n) _____ emergency.

psychiatric

EMTS treating a patient of a sexual assault may not only be dealing with medical issues but with _______ as well

psychological

When an allergic reaction proceeds to life-threatening anaphylaxis, it will usually do so __________.

quickly, within 30 minutes.

Epinephrine, whether made by the body or by a drug manufacturer, works rapidly to:

raise the pulse rate and blood pressure, inhibit an allergic reaction, and relieve bronchospasm

Signs and symptoms of chlorine exposure include all the following EXCEPT:

rales

Immediately after physically restraining a violent patient, the EMT should:

reassess the patient's airway and breathing

A technique used to gain insight into a patient's thinking, which involves repeating in question form what the patient has said, is called:

reflective listening

Treatments for inhaled poisons include:

removing the patient from the exposure

You have administered one dose of epinephrine to a 40-year-old female to treat an allergic reaction that she developed after being stung by a scorpion. Your reassessment reveals that she is still having difficulty breathing, has a decreasing mental status, and has a blood pressure of 80/50 mm Hg. You should:

request permission from medical control to give another dose of epinephrine.

When restraining a patient on a stretcher, it is necessary to constantly reassess the patient's:

respiration and circulation status

Eating certain foods, such as shellfish or nuts, may result in a relatively ___ reaction that can still be quite severe

slow

Alcohol is a powerful central nervous system depressant. It:

slows reflexes

Characteristics of carbon monoxide include all of the following EXCEPT:

smells like rotten eggs

You should not use tweezers to remove an embedded stinger because:

squeezing may cause the stinger to inject more venom in the wound

You are dispatched to a local nursery for a 39-year-old female who is sick. When you arrive, you find the patient lying on the floor. She is semiconscious, has copious amounts of saliva coming from her mouth, and is incontinent of urine. You quickly feel her pulse and note that it is very slow. Immediate management for this patient should include:

thoroughly suctioning her oropharynx

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) typically does NOT affect the:

urinary bladder

Cocaine is called all of the following EXCEPT:

weed

Epinephrine is indicated for patients with an allergic reaction when:

wheezing and hypotension are present