EMT 3

According to the palmar method for estimating the extent of a pt's burns, the palm of the pt hand is equal to ___ % of the body surface.

1

Bilateral femur fractures can result in up to ___mL of internal blood loss.

2,000

A 21 y/o m was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, the Pt has burns that cover ___ of his body surface area

27%

A 4 /o F pulled a pot of boiling water from the stove. She has superficial and partial thickness burns to her head and anterior trunk. What percentage of her body surface area has been burned?

36%

The cervical spine is composed of __ vertebrae

7

Which of the following scenarios is an example of a direct injury?

A person lands on his or her feet and fractures the lumbar spine

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would most likely result in deformity?

Displaced fracture

A 66 y/o male presents with dark red rectal bleeding and abdominal pain. He is conscious and alert; however, his skin is cool and clammy and his hear rate is elevated. Further assessment reveals that his blood pressure is 112/60 mm Hg. Which of the following questions would be Most pertinent to ask him?

Have you ever experienced recent abdominal trauma

In which of the following situations should the EMT-B splint an injured limb in the position of the deformity?

If resistance is encountered or the Pt experiences severe pain

The pneumatic antishock garment (PASG) would be most appropriate to use when immobilizing:

a fractured pelvis

Abnormal variations in pupil size and reaction would most likely be observed in a pt with

a head injury

A flail chest occurs when

a segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage.

During your assessment of a 22 y/o m who was assaulted, you note widespread contusions and abrasions to his face, chest, and abdomen. His pulse is rapid and weak and his skin is cool and clammy. You should

administer oxygen and prepare for rapid transport

An open pneumothorax occurs when:

air enters the pleural space from outside the body.

Subcutaneous emphysema is an indication that:

air is escaping into the chest wall from a damaged lung

The Most significant complication associated with facial injuries is:

airway compromise

You are transporting a 20 y/o M with a laceration to the L external jugular vein. You have successfully controlled bleeding from the wound. Suddenly, he experiences an acute onset of labored breathing and cyanosis. You should suspect:

an acute air embolism

In addition to severe bleeding, the Most life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is

an air embolism

A 17 y/o m was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation with a gang member. As your partner is applying 100% oxygen, you perform a rapid trauma assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should:

apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment

You are assessing a 30 y/o male with an amputation just above the L wrist. He is conscious and alert and has a patent airway. Dark red blood is freely flowing from the injury. You should:

apply direct pressure to the injury site.

You have applied a dressing and roller-gauze bandage to the arm of a young female after she lacerated it when she fell from her bike. During transport, she begins to complain of numbness and tingling in her hand. You should:

assess distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed

You receive a call to a local gymnasium for a basketball player with a dislocated shoulder. Upon arrival, you find the pt, a 17 y/o M sitting on the ground. He is holding his left arm in a fixed position away from his body. There is an obvious anterior bulge to the area of injury. You should:

assess distal pulse, motor, and sensory functions.

An epidural hematoma is most accurately defined as

bleeding between the skull and dura mater

The term "hyphema" is Most accurately defined as:

blood in the anterior chamber of the eye

The central nervous system (CNS) consists of

brain and spinal cord

A fracture is Most accurately defined as a

break in the continuity of the bone

When caring for a pt whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should:

brush away the chemical before flushing with water

The five sections of the spinal column, in descending order are the:

cervical, thoracic, lumber, sacral and coocygeal

Common signs and symptoms of an airway burn include all of the following, Except

chest pressure

The most commonly fractured bone(s) in the body is/are the:

clavicle

A closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a/an:

contusion

The transfer of heat to circulating air, such as when cool air moves across the body's surface is called

convection

Prior to splinting an open extremity fracture, the EMT-B should first:

cover all bleeding or open wounds

A 40 y/o m was in his woodworking shop when he felt a sudden, sharp pain in his left eye. Your assessment reveals a small splinter of wood embedded in his cornea. You should:

cover both of his eyes and transport to the hospital

A 33 y/o male sustained an abdominal evisceration to the LLQ of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his airway and assessing him for other life-threatening injuries, you should care for his wound by:

covering it with moist, sterile dressings secured in place with bandages

Compartment syndrome would most likely to develop following a:

crush injury

The most significant hazard associated with splinting is:

delaying transport of a critically injured pt

The tough, outer menial layer is called the

dura mater

Which of the following statements regarding electrical burns is Most correct?

entrance wounds are small relative to the amount of internal tissue damage

What layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal for the body?

epidermis

Which of the following head injuries would cause the pt's condition to deteriorate Most rapidly?

epidural hemmorrhage

Assessing a person's neurovascular status following a musculoskeletal injury includes all of the following, Expect:

evaluating proximal pulses

The body's natural cooling mechanism, in which sweat is converted to a gas, is called:

evaporation

Which of the following statements regarding penetrating injuries is Most correct?

external bleeding may be minimal but internal injuries can be extensive

Traction splints are used primarily to immobilize and secure fractures of the

femur

A 52 y/o unrestrained F struck the steering wheel with her face when her truck collided with another vehicle. She has obvious swelling to her facial area and several dislodged teeth. A visual exam of her mouth reveals minimal bleeding. She is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg, pulse of 110 beats/min, and respirations of 22 breath/min with adequate tidal volume. You should:

fully immobilize her spine, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, tilt the backboard to the left side, and transport

A 40 y/o male presents with severe abdominal pain following blunt trauma. He is diaphoretic, thirsty, and has a weak and rapid pulse. Appropriate treatment for this Pt includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

giving him small sips of plain water

Contractions or tensing of the abdominal muscles in an effort to ease pain is called

guarding

Distraction injuries of the spine are Most commonly the result of

hanging

A sign of kidney damage following blunt trauma is:

hematuria

A 50 y/o male with a history of diabetes sustained partial-thickness burns to approximately 15% of his body surface area (BSA) while attempting to light a barbecue pit. He is conscious and alert and in no respiratory distress. What factor makes this pt's burns a critical burn?

his history of diabetes

When the parasympathetic nervous system is activated:

hormones are released that prepare the body for stress

A 30 y/o M experienced closed head trauma when he crashed his motorcycle; he was not wearing a helmet. As you approach the Pt, you can hear snoring respirations and can see blood draining from his mouth. You should:

immediately suction the Pt's mouth and open his airway

During your rapid trauma assessment of a 19 y/o F with multiple trauma, you note bilateral humeral deformities and a deformity to the left midshaft femur. Her skin is diaphoretic and her pulse is rapid and weak. Your partner has appropriately managed the pt's airway and is maintaining manual stabilization of her head. The most appropriated treatment for this pt includes:

immobilization to a backboard and rapid transport.

You respond to a MVC involving a small var vs. tree. When you arrive, you find the pt, a 39 y/o M, still seated in his vehicle. He is conscious and alert and is complaining of neck pain. He does not have any immediately life-threatening injuries. You should

immobilize his spine with a short backboard and remove him from the car

A 17 y/o football player collided with another player and has pain to his L clavicular area. He is holding his arm against his chest and refuses to move it. Your assessment reveals obvious deformity to the mid shaft clavicle. After assessing distal circulation and neurological function, you should:

immobilize the injury with a sling and swathe

When splinting an injury of the wrist, the hand should be placed:

in a functional position

In addition to external bleeding, the most significant risk that an open soft tissue injury exposes a pt to is

infection

A 38 y/o male was electrocuted while attempting to wire a house. Your assessment reveals that he is unresponsive, pulseless, and apnea. A coworker has shut off the power to the house. You should:

initiate CPR and attach the AED

During your initial assessment of a semiconscious 30 y/o f with a closed head trauma, you note that she has slow, shallow breathing and a slow, bounding pulse. As your partner maintains manual in-line stabilization of her head, you should:

instruct him to assist ventilations as you perform a rapid trauma assessment

A young male was assaulted and is found unconscious. You assessment reveals bruising around his eyes and blood-tinged fluid draining from his nose. You should be Most suspicious for a/an:

intracerebral hemorrhage

A pt who presents with profound cyanosis following a chest injury:

is most likely experiencing severe blood loss

When a light is shone into the pupil

it should become smaller in size

Following direct trauma to the superior aspect of the throat, a young male presents with labored breathing, loss of voice, and subcutaneous emphysema in the soft tissues around his neck. You should suspect a/an:

laryngeal fracture

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who was kicked in the abdomen by her boyfriend. While en route to the scene, you should ask the dispatcher if:

law enforcement is at the scene

When splinting a possible fracture of the foot, it is most important for the EMT-B to:

leave the toes exposed

All of the following are hollow abdominal organs, Except for the:

liver

Bruising to the RUQ of the abdomen following blunt trauma is most suggestive of injury of the

liver

Placing a pregnant Pt in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy:

may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart

When a person is lying supine at the end of exhalation, the diaphragm

may rise as high as the nipple line

The mesentery is/are

membranous folds that attach the intestines to the walls of the body

An abdominal evisceration

occurs when organs protrude through an open wound

Asymmetry of the chest wall occurs when:

one side of the chest wall does not expand during inhalation.

You have sealed an open chest wound on a 40 y/o M who was stabbed in the anterior chest. Your reassessment reveals that he is experiencing increasing respiratory distress and tachycardia, and is developing cyanosis. You should:

partially remove the dressing

Which of the following fractures has the greatest potential for internal blood loss and shock?

pelvis

When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen:

peritonitis may not develop for several hours

Crepitus and false motion are:

positive indicators of a fracture

The primary purpose for splinting a musculoskeletal injury is to

prevent further injury

Following blunt trauma to the chest, an 18 y/o F presents with respiratory distress, reduced tidal volume, and cyanosis. Her BP 80/50 mm Hg and her pulse is 130 beats/min and thready. You should:

provide some form of positive-pressure ventilation

A 6 y/o F was riding her bicycle and struck a clothesline with her throat. She is breathing, but with obvious difficulty. Your rapid trauma assessment reveals a crackling sensation in the soft tissues of her neck and facial cyanosis. In addition to the appropriate airway management, the intervention that will Most likely improve her chance of survival is:

rapidly transporting her to the hospital

Applying ice to and elevating an injured extremity are performed in order to:

reduce pain and swelling

An 8 y/o male was bitten by a stray dog. He has a large laceration to the dorm of his left hand, which your partner covers with a sterile dressing and bandage In addition to transporting the child to the hospital , you should:

report the incident to the appropriate authorities

Which of the following nerves carry information from the body to the brain via the spinal cord

sensory

The presence of tachycardia following a significant abdominal injury:

should be assumed to be a sign of shock

Which of the following types of muscle is under direct voluntary control of the brain?

skeletal

You are assessing a 27 y/o F who was ejected from her car when it struck a utility pole at a high rate a speed. She is unconscious and has slow, irregular breathing. Her BP is 180/90 mm Hg and her pulse rate is 50 beats/min and bounding. The most appropriate treatment for this Pt includes

spinal immobilization, assisted ventilation with oxygen, and rapid transport

A 22 y/o F was ejected from her car after striking a tree head-on. As you approach her, you note obvious closed deformities to both of her femurs. She is not moving and does not appear to be conscious. You should

stabilize her head and perform an initial assessment

Skeletal muscles is also referred to as ______ muscle.

striated

A 30 y/o F was robbed and assaulted by a gang as she was leaving a nightclub. She has massive facial trauma and slow, gurgling respirations. As your partner assumes manual stabilization of her head, you should:

suction her oropharynx for 15 seconds

During you initial assessment of a 19 y/o unconscious male who experienced sever head trauma, you note that his respirations are rapid, irregular, and shallow. He has bloody secretions draining from his mouth and nose. You should

suction his oropharynx for up to 15 seconds

Skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tough, roselike fibrous structures called:

tendons

Which of the following statements regarding the rule of nines is Most correct?

the anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the body surface area

An open fracture is Most accurately defined as a fracture in which:

the overlying skin is no longer intact

In general, musculoskeletal injuries should be splinted before moving the pt unless:

the patient is clinically unstable

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a house fire where fire fighters have rescued a 50 y/o m from his burning house. The pt has superficial and partial-thickness burns to his face and chest. His nasal hairs are singed and he is coughing up sooty sputum. You should be Most concerned with:

the potential for airway swelling

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal eviscerations is Most correct?

the protruding organs should be kept warm and moist

If a dislocated shoulder has spontaneously reduced before your arrival, the only way to confirm the injury is by noting:

the pt history

Which of the following organs is at Most risk for injury as the result of a pelvic fracture?

urinary bladder

Rough handling of a hypothermic pt with a pulse may cause

ventricular fibrillation

Which of the following statements regarding the vitreous humor is Most correct?

vitreous humor is clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye that cannot be replaced if it is lost.