EMT ( 30 ), EMT ( 31 ) Review set

Which of the following scenarios is an example of a direct injury?

A passenger fractures her patella after it strikes the dashboard.

Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is correct?

Compartment syndrome typically develops within 6 to 12 hours after an injury.

A 66-year-old male presents with dark red rectal bleeding and abdominal pain. He is conscious and alert; however, his skin is cool and clammy and his heart rate is elevated. Further assessment reveals that his blood pressure is 112/60 mm Hg. Which of the following questions would be MOST pertinent to ask him?

Have you experienced recent abdominal trauma?

Which of the following statements regarding striated muscle is correct?

It forms the major muscle mass of the body and usually crosses at least one joint.

Following blunt abdominal trauma, a 30-year-old male complains of referred pain to the left shoulder. This finding is called the:

Kehr sign.

Which of the following statements regarding shoulder dislocations is MOST correct?

Most shoulder dislocations occur anteriorly.

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma is correct?

The absence of abdominal pain does not rule out intra-abdominal bleeding.

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal eviscerations is correct?

The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist.

A fracture is MOST accurately defined as a(n):

a break in the continuity of a bone.

A subluxation occurs when:

a joint is incompletely dislocated.

The mesentery is:

a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body.

Compression injuries to the abdomen that occur during a motor vehicle crash are typically the result of:

a poorly placed lap belt.

During your assessment of a 29-year-old female with significant deformity to her left elbow, you are unable to palpate a radial pulse. Your transport time to the hospital is approximately 40 minutes. You should:

apply gentle manual traction in line with the limb and reassess for a pulse.

Following direct trauma to the left upper back, a 44-year-old male presents with diaphoresis and restlessness. His blood pressure is 100/50 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min and weak, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored. Your assessment reveals abrasions and contusions over the left scapula. You should:

apply high-flow oxygen, consider spinal precautions, and transport without delay.

A 54-year-old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that he is in severe pain and that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing.

A 76-year-old male experienced sudden pain to his left thigh when he was standing in line at the grocery store. Your assessment reveals ecchymosis and deformity to the distal aspect of his left femur, just above the knee. Distal circulation and sensory and motor functions are intact. The MOST appropriate method of splinting this injury involves:

applying padded board splints to both sides of the leg.

With regard to musculoskeletal injuries, the zone of injury is defined as the:

area of soft-tissue damage surrounding the injury.

In moving joints, the ends of the bones are covered with:

articular cartilage.

You receive a call to a local gymnasium for a basketball player with a dislocated shoulder. Upon arrival, you find the patient, a 17-year-old male, sitting on the ground. He is holding his left arm in a fixed position away from his body. There is an obvious anterior bulge to the area of injury. You should:

assess distal pulse, motor, and sensory functions.

You have applied a zippered air splint to a patient's left arm. During transport, the patient complains of increased numbness and tingling in his left hand. You reassess distal circulation and note that it remains present. Your MOST appropriate action should be to:

assess the amount of air in the splint and let air out as necessary.

A 20-year-old male was accidentally shot in the right upper abdominal quadrant with an arrow during an archery contest. Prior to your arrival, the patient removed the arrow. Your assessment reveals that he is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. The entrance wound is bleeding minimally and appears to be superficial. You should:

assume that the arrow injured an internal organ.

When documenting a call involving a female patient who was sexually assaulted, the E.M.T should:

avoid speculation and document only factual data.

When worn properly, a seatbelt should lie:

below the anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis and against the hip joints.

A 21-year-old male was thrown over the handlebars of his motorcycle when he rear-ended a car that was stopped at a red light. He was wearing a helmet, which he removed prior to your arrival. He is conscious, but restless, and has closed deformities to both of his femurs. His skin is pale, his heart rate is rapid and weak, and his respirations are rapid and shallow. In addition to applying high-flow oxygen and protecting his spine, you should:

bind his legs together on the backboard, keep him warm, and transport without delay.

Bone marrow produces:

blood cells.

Which of the following structures is regulated by smooth muscle?

blood vessels.

A football player was struck by another player in the right flank area just below the posterior rib cage. He complains of severe pain and point tenderness to the area. Your assessment reveals that there is a small amount of blood in his underwear. You should be MOST suspicious for:

blunt injury to the kidney.

The musculoskeletal system refers to the:

bones and voluntary muscles of the body.

When caring for a patient with a possible fracture of the scapula, the E.M.T should:

carefully assess the patient for breathing problems.

The MOST commonly fractured bone(s) in the body is the:

clavicle.

You are transporting a patient with blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is unstable and is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately, you should:

closely monitor him and reassess him frequently.

When assessing a patient with a possible fracture of the leg, the E.M.T should:

compare it to the uninjured leg.

Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you note an impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure is 98/58 mm Hg, her pulse is 130 beats/min, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should:

control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once.

A 54-year-old male accidentally shot himself in the leg while cleaning his gun. Your assessment reveals a small entrance wound to the medial aspect of his right leg. The exit wound is on the opposite side of the leg and is actively bleeding. The patient complains of numbness and tingling in his right foot. You should:

control the bleeding and cover the wound with a sterile dressing.

Common signs and symptoms of a sprain include all of the following, EXCEPT:

deformity.

The MOST significant hazard associated with splinting is:

delaying transport of a critically injured patient.

Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is MOST indicative of a ruptured:

diaphragm.

The disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact is called a:

dislocation.

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would MOST likely result in deformity?

displaced fracture.

A supracondylar or intercondylar fracture is also known as a fracture of the:

distal humerus.

A Colles fracture involves a fracture of the:

distal radius.

Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will MOST likely cause:

distention.

A(n) __________ fracture occurs in the growth section of a child's bone and may lead to bone growth abnormalities.

epiphyseal.

Assessing a person's neurovascular status following a musculoskeletal injury includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

evaluating proximal pulses.

Traction splints are used primarily to immobilize and secure fractures of the:

femur.

A 40-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain following blunt trauma. He is diaphoretic, intensely thirsty, and has a weak and rapid pulse. Appropriate treatment for this patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

giving him small sips of plain water.

Contraction or tensing of the abdominal muscles in an effort to ease pain is called:

guarding.

Air bags, in conjunction with properly worn seatbelts, are MOST beneficial when a person is involved in a:

head-on crash.

A sign of kidney damage following blunt trauma is:

hematuria.

Peritonitis, an intense inflammatory reaction of the abdominal cavity, usually occurs when:

hollow abdominal organs are damaged and spill their contents.

In which of the following situations should the E.M.T splint an injured limb in the position of deformity?

if resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain

A 17-year-old football player collided with another player and has pain to his left clavicular area. He is holding his arm against his chest and refuses to move it. Your assessment reveals obvious deformity to the midshaft clavicle. After assessing distal pulse, sensory, and motor functions, you should:

immobilize the injury with a sling and swathe.

During your rapid secondary assessment of a 19-year-old female with multiple trauma, you note bilateral humeral deformities and a deformity to the left midshaft femur. Her skin is diaphoretic and her pulse is rapid and weak. Your partner has appropriately managed her airway and is maintaining manual stabilization of her head. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

immobilizing her to a backboard and rapidly transporting.

When splinting an injury of the wrist, the hand should be placed:

in a functional position.

You are transporting a 42-year-old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreathing mask, and full spinal precautions have been applied. During your reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respirations have become shallow. You should:

insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a bag-mask device.

During your assessment of a patient who experienced blunt trauma to the abdomen, you notice bruising around the umbilicus. This is a sign of:

intra-abdominal bleeding.

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who was kicked in the abdomen by her boyfriend. While en route to the scene, you should ask the dispatcher if:

law enforcement is at the scene.

While assessing a 21-year-old female who struck a tree head-on with her small passenger car, you note that her air bag deployed. You should:

lift the air bag and look for deformity to the steering wheel.

Bones are connected to other bones by bands of tough fibrous tissues called:

ligaments.

All of the following are hollow abdominal organs, EXCEPT for the:

liver.

Bruising to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen following blunt trauma is MOST suggestive of injury to the:

liver.

Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely when injured?

liver.

Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy:

may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart.

Atrophy is a condition that occurs when:

muscle decreases in size and function because of disease or trauma

Of the following musculoskeletal injuries, which is considered to be the LEAST severe?

nondisplaced pelvic fracture.

A fracture caused by minimal force that is associated with diseases such as cancer and osteoporosis is called a __________ fracture.

pathologic.

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would pose the greatest threat to a patient's life?

pelvic fracture with hypotension.

Which of the following fractures has the greatest potential for internal blood loss and shock?

pelvis

When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen:

peritonitis may not develop for several hours.

A 77-year-old woman slipped and fell on a throw rug and landed on her left hip. She denies striking her head or losing consciousness. Assessment of her left leg reveals that it is shortened and externally rotated. Distal pulses, sensory, and motor functions are intact. You should:

place her onto a scoop stretcher, pad around her left hip with pillows, and secure her to the scoop with straps.

The MOST reliable indicator of an underlying fracture is:

point tenderness.

Crepitus and false motion are:

positive indicators of a fracture.

A 45-year-old female was the unrestrained passenger of a small car that rear-ended another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. She is conscious and alert, but complains of pain to both of her knees. There is visible damage to the dashboard on the passenger's side of the vehicle. In addition to fractures or dislocations of the knees, you should be MOST suspicious for:

posterior hip dislocation.

The primary purpose for splinting a musculoskeletal injury is to:

prevent further injury.

Because the depth of an open abdominal wound is often difficult to determine:

prompt transport to the hospital is essential.

A "hip" fracture is actually a fracture of the:

proximal femur.

The P.A.S.G is absolutely contraindicated in patients who have:

pulmonary edema.

Early bruising following abdominal trauma often manifests as:

red areas of skin.

Applying ice to and elevating an injured extremity are performed in order to:

reduce pain and swelling.

The pectoral girdle consists of the:

scapulae and clavicles.

The presence of tachycardia following a significant abdominal injury:

should be assumed to be a sign of shock.

Which of the following types of muscle is under direct voluntary control of the brain?

skeletal

Which of the following joints allows no motion?

skull sutures.

What type of muscle contracts and relaxes to control the movement of the contents within its structures?

smooth.

A 31-year-old male fell and landed on his left elbow. Your assessment reveals that the elbow is grossly deformed, his forearm is cool and pale, and the distal pulse on the side of the injury is barely palpable. His vital signs are stable and he denies any other injuries. Your transport time to the closest appropriate hospital is approximately 15 minutes. You should:

splint the elbow in the position found and transport.

A ____________ is a musculoskeletal injury in which there is partial or temporary separation of the bone ends as well as partial stretching or tearing of the supporting ligaments.

sprain.

A 22-year-old female was ejected from her car after striking a tree head-on. As you approach her, you note obvious closed deformities to both of her femurs. She is not moving and does not appear to be conscious. You should:

stabilize her head and perform a primary assessment.

During your rapid secondary assessment of a 30-year-old male who fell 25′, you note crepitus when palpating his pelvis. Your partner advises you that the patient's blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak. After completing your assessment, you should:

stabilize the pelvis with a pelvic binder and protect the spine.

Skeletal muscle is also referred to as __________ muscle.

striated

Deformity caused by a fracture would MOST likely be masked by:

swelling.

Skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tough, ropelike fibrous structures called:

tendons.

An open fracture is MOST accurately defined as a fracture in which:

the overlying skin is no longer intact.

If a dislocated shoulder has spontaneously reduced before your arrival, the only way to confirm the injury is by noting:

the patient history.

In general, musculoskeletal injuries should be splinted before moving the patient unless:

the patient is clinically unstable.

The act of pulling on a body structure in the direction of its normal alignment is called:

traction.

A 22-year-old male was punched in the abdomen several times. You find him lying on his left side with his knees drawn up. He is conscious and alert and complains of increased pain and nausea when he tries to straighten his legs. His blood pressure is 142/82 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 110 beats/min and strong, and his respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. In addition to administering high-flow oxygen, you should:

transport him in the position in which you found him.

Which of the following organs is at MOST risk for injury as the result of a pelvic fracture?

urinary bladder