EMT block 3 questions

Which of the following statements regarding a 3-month-old infant is correct?

a 3-month-old infant can distinguish a parent from a stranger

the EMT should be MOST concerned when a child presents with fever and:

a rash

Which of the following statements regarding pediatric trauma is correct?

children are more likely to experience diving-related injuries

The EMT should assess for hypoglycemia in small children with a severe illness or injury because:

children cannot store excess glucose as effectively as adults.

Of the four avenues of poisoning, generally ___________ is the most worrisome in terms of treatment to the EMS provider.

injection

The amniotic fluid serves to:

insulate and protect the fetus.

When caring for a known alcoholic patient with severe trauma to the chest and abdomen, you should be concerned that:

internal bleeding may be profuse because prolonged alcohol use may impair the blood's ability to clot.

The mental status of a patient who has experienced a typical seizure:

is likely to improve over a period of 5 to 30 minutes.

Most patients with abdominal pain prefer to:

lie on their side with their knees drawn into the abdomen.

An overdose of acetaminophen, the active ingredient in Tylenol, will MOST likely cause:

liver failure.

Which of the following MOST accurately describes what the patient will experience during the postictal state that follows a seizure?

confusion and fatigue

A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. When you arrive at the scene, the child is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. Her skin is hot and moist. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted approximately 5 minutes. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures, but has had a recent ear infection. You should:

cool the child with tepid water and transport to the hospital.

Early signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

cyanosis

A 49-year-old male presents with confusion, sweating, and visual hallucinations. The patient's wife tells you that he is a heavy drinker and she thinks he had a seizure shortly before your arrival. This patient is MOST likely experiencing:

delirium tremens.

The third stage of labor begins with the birth of the infant and ends with the:

delivery of the placenta

When an allergic reaction proceeds to life-threatening anaphylaxis, it will usually do so __________.

quickly, within 30 minutes.

When assessing the heart rate of a 6-month-old infant, you should palpate the brachial pulse or________ pulse.

femoral

Peritonitis may result in shock because:

fluid shifts from the bloodstream into body tissues.

You may help control bleeding by massaging the _________ after delivery of the placenta.

fundus

In most children, febrile seizures are characterized by:

generalized tonic-clonic activity, a duration of less than 15 minutes, a short/absent postictal phase

An infant or child with respiratory distress will attempt to keep his or her alveoli expanded at the end of inhalation by:

grunting

A patient who is possibly experiencing a stroke is NOT eligible for thrombolytic (fibrinolytic) therapy if he or she:

has bleeding within the brain.

When a child experiences a blunt injury to the abdomen:

he or she can compensate for blood loss better than adults, without signs of shock developing

All of the following are normal findings in an infant or child, EXCEPT:

head bobbing

Use of a nonrebreathing mask or nasal cannula in a child is appropriate ONLY if:

his/her tidal volume is adequate

Causes of infant death that may be mistaken for SIDS include all of the following, EXCEPT:

hyperglycemia

Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT:

hyperglycemia.

Which of the following statements regarding spinal injuries in pediatric patients is correct?

if the cervical spine is injured, it most likely to be an injury to the ligaments because of rapid movement to the head

"Nerve gases" overstimulate normal body functions that are controlled by parasympathetic nerves, causing:

increased salivation.

Most poisonings occur via the __________ route.

ingestion

The normal respiratory rate for a newborn should not exceed ______ breaths/min.

60

Bruising to the _________ is LEAST suggestive of child abuse.

shins

When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends MOSTLY on the:

size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact

Signs of severe dehydration in an infant include all of the following, EXCEPT:

slowed level of activity

Which of the following is NOT considered a possible effect to the fetus when the mother is a known substance abuser?

spina bifida

You are dispatched to a local elementary school for an injured child. As you approach the child, you note that he is lying at the base of the monkey bars. He is unresponsive and there are no signs of breathing. You should:

stabilize his head and check for a pulse

When determining the frequency of contractions, you should time the contractions from the:

start of one to the start of the next.

Medical problems that may cause the patient to present as intoxicated include all of the following, EXCEPT:

syncope

The first stage of labor begins with the onset of contractions and ends when:

the cervix is fully dilated

The second stage of labor begins when the cervix is fully dilated and ends when:

the infant is born

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs when:

the normal body processes destroy a clot in a cerebral artery.

Which of the following statements regarding multiple gestations is false?

there is only one placenta with the birth of twins

Which of the following statements regarding the use of nasopharyngeal airways in children iscorrect?

they are rarely used in infants younger than 1 y.a.

Capillary refill time is MOST reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children younger than:

6 years

The effects of epinephrine are typically observed within _________ following administration.

1 minute

After delivery, if the infant does not begin breathing after _______ seconds, you should begin resuscitation efforts.

10-15

Once the infant is delivered, feel for a brachial pulse or the pulsations in the umbilical cord. If the pulse rate is below ________ beats/min, begin assisted ventilations.

100

When performing CPR on a newborn, a compression to ventilation ratio of 3:1 should be used; this will yield a total of ________ "actions" per minute.

120

Blood pressure is usually not assessed in children younger than _____ years.

3

An infant delivered before _________ weeks is considered premature.

36

If the situation allows, a child should be transported in a car seat if he or she weighs less than _____ lbs.

40

d When assisting ventilations in a newborn with a bag-mask device, the rate is ________ breaths/min.

40-60

Which patient would MOST likely benefit from the administration of activated​ charcoal?

Alert​ 16-year-old female who overdosed on Tylenol (Do NOT use for bleach, drainage products)

A 5-year-old child has had severe vomiting and diarrhea for 4 days. Which of the following assessment findings would be the MOST indicative of decompensated shock?

Blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg

How do poisons typically act to harm the body?

By changing the normal metabolism of cells or by destroying them

Which of the following is NOT considered a sign or symptom of alcohol withdrawal:

Chest Pain

Your patient is a​ 3-year-old male with a stoma who has swallowed a household cleaner. Medical direction gives you an order for milk to dilute the stomach contents. Which of the following is the correct way of carrying out this​ order?

Have the patient drink one glass of milk.

Which of the following statements regarding sickle cell disease is correct?

In sickle cell disease, the red blood cells are abnormally shaped and are less able to carry oxygen.

A young female presents with costovertebral angle tenderness. She is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Which of the following organs is MOST likely causing her pain?

Kidney

Which of the following organs lies in the retroperitoneal space?

Pancreas

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?

The brain requires glucose as much as it requires oxygen.

Which of the following would MOST likely provide clues regarding the source of a patient's allergic reaction?

The environment in which the patient is found (NOT general physical apperance)

Which of the following statements regarding the acute abdomen is correct?

The initial pain associated with an acute abdomen tends to be vague and poorly localized.

Successful treatment of a stroke depends on whether:

Thrombolytic therapy is given within 3 hours after symptoms began

You are assessing a 49-year-old man who, according to his wife, experienced a SUDDEN SEVERE HEADACHE and then passed out. He is unresponsive and has slow, irregular breathing. His blood pressure is 190/94 mm Hg and his pulse rate is 50 beats/min. His wife tells you that he has hypertension and diabetes. He has MOST likely experienced:

a ruptured cerebral artery. (NOT occluded cerebral artery)

When caring for a patient with documented hypoglycemia, you should be MOST alert for:

a seizure.

Passage of the fetus and placenta before 20 weeks is called ___________.

abortion

You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes:

administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother.

When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends MOSTLY on the:

age of the child and the size of the car that struck him or her.

a normal level of consciousness in an infant or child is characterized by:

age-appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, good eye contact

Febrile seizures:

are usually benign but should be evaluated.

Law enforcement has summoned you to a nightclub, where a 22-year-old female was found unconscious in an adjacent alley. Your primary assessment reveals that her respirations are rapid and shallow and her pulse is rapid and weak. She is wearing a medical alert bracelet that identifies her as an epileptic. There is an empty bottle of vodka next to the patient. You should:

assist ventilations, perform a rapid exam, and prepare for immediate transport

A 47-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain of 3 hours' duration. His abdomen is distended and guarded. Your MOST important consideration for this patient should be to:

be alert for signs and symptoms of shock

Which of the following is the LEAST reliable assessment parameter to evaluate when determining the presence of shock in infants and children?

blood pressure

The MOST ominous sign of impending cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is:

bradycardia

Preterm or false labor is commonly referred to as ________ _______ contractions.

braxton-hicks

A 29 y/o male complains of severe headache and nausea that has gradually worsened over the past 12 hours. He is conscious, alert, and oriented and tells you that his physician diagnosed him with migraine headaches. He further tells you that he has taken numerous different medications, but none of them seems to help. His blood pressure is 132/74 mm Hg, his pulse is 110 beats/min and strong, and his respirations are 20 breaths/min and adequate. In addition to high flow oxygen, further treatment should include:

dimming the lights in the back of the ambulance and transporting without lights and siren

Infection should be considered a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child, especially if he or she presents with:

drooling or congestion.

A patient whose speech is slurred and difficult to understand is

dysarthria.

A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. His mother states that she saw him put a small toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. The child is conscious,obviously frightened, and is coughing forcefully. You should:

encourage him to cough, give O2 as tolerated, and transport

Proper procedure for administering oral glucose to a patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

ensuring the absence of a gag reflex.

You arrive at the residence of a 33-year-old woman who is experiencing a generalized seizure. She has a small amount of vomitus draining from the side of her mouth. After protecting her from further injury, you should:

maintain her airway with manual head positioning, suction her airway to remove the vomitus, insert a nasopharyngeal airway, and administer high-flow oxygen (Do NOT wait for seizure to stop)

Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct?

most cases of SIDS occur in infants younger than 6 months

After determining that an infant or child has strong central pulses, you should:

not rule out compensated shock

You arrive at a grocery store shortly after a 35-year-old male stopped seizing. Your assessment reveals that he is confused and incontinent of urine. The patient's girlfriend tells you that he has a history of seizures and takes carbamazepine (Tegretol). When obtaining further medical history from the girlfriend, it is MOST important to:

obtain a description of how the seizure developed.

Which of the following is not performed immediately following delivery of the infant?

obtain an Apgar score (do it 1 and 5 minutes after birth)

When preparing a pregnant patient for delivery, you should position

on a firm surface with her hips elevated 2 to 4 inches

hypotension, hypoventilation, and pinpoint pupils would be expected following an overdose of

oxycodone or Percocet

While triaging patients at the scene of a motor-vehicle crash, you encounter a 5-year-old child who is unresponsive and apneic. After positioning his airway, you should:

palpate for a carotid pulse.

When assessing an infant's ventilation status, you should:

palpate the abdomen for rise and fall

When assessing a patient with abdominal pain, you should:

palpate the abdomen in a clockwise direction, beginning with the quadrant after the one the patient indicates is painful.

A child who has no recent history of illness suddenly appears cyanotic and cannot speak afterplaying with a small toy. You should:

perform abdominal thrusts

An absence seizure is also referred to as a:

petit mal seizure.

When administering oxygen to a frightened child, it would be MOST appropriate to:

place O2 tubing through a hole in a paper cup

Before positioning an infant or child's airway, you should:

place him/her on a firm surface

When cutting the umbilical cord:

place the clamps 2" to 4" apart

Your 22-year-old patient is in active labor. Upon visual inspection, you note that the infant's leg is protruding from the vagina. Appropriate management of this situation includes:

placing the mother supine with her head down and pelvis elevated.

Common interventions used to stimulate spontaneous respirations in the newborn include all of the following, EXCEPT:

positive-pressure ventilations.

Status epilepticus is characterized by:

prolonged seizures without a return of consciousness.

Compared to adults, the liver and spleen of pediatric patients are more prone to injury and bleeding because they are:

proportionately larger and situated more anteriorly

An important aspect in the treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain is to:

provide emotional support en route to the hospital. (Do NOT encouarge supine position)

Three days after delivering her baby, a 30-year-old woman complains of a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. Her level of consciousness is decreased and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect:

pulmonary embolism.

You have been dispatched to the side of a highway where a woman is reported to be delivering a baby. As you approach the vehicle, you see her lying down in the back seat. If the baby is crowning and the amniotic sac has not yet ruptured, you should:

puncture the sac away from the head and then push the sac away from the infant's face

EMTs are assessing a 2-year-old child who was riding in a car seat when the vehicle struck a tree while traveling at 45 MPH. The child is conscious and appears alert. There are no obvious signs of trauma to the child, and the car seat does not appear to be damaged. The EMTs should:

remove the child from the car seat and secure both him and his mother to the stretcher

You are assessing the arm drift component of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale on a 60-year-old woman. When she holds both of her arms out in front of her and closes her eyes, both of her arms immediately fall to her sides. You should: a) instruct the patient to keep her eyes open and then repeat the arm drift test. b) repeat the arm drift test and ensure that her palms are facing downward. c) defer this part of the test and assess her for facial droop and slurred speech. d) repeat the arm drift test, but move the patient's arms into position yourself.

repeat the arm drift test, but move the patient's arm into position yourself

Early signs of respiratory distress in the child include:

restlessness

Which of the following is not a stage of labor?

rupture of amniotic fluid

In an apparent suicide attempt, a 19-year-old female ingested a full bottle of amitriptyline (Elavil). At present, she is conscious and alert and states that she swallowed the pills approximately 30 minutes earlier. Her blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg, her pulse is 140 beats/min and irregular, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. When transporting this patient, you should be MOST alert for:

seizures and cardiac arrhythmias.

A patient who is experiencing aphasia is:

unable to produce or understand speech.

The principal clinical difference between a stroke and hypoglycemia is that patients with hypoglycemia: a) are typically alert and attempt to communicate with health care providers b) always take oral medications to maintain normal blood glucose levels. c) do not present with slurred speech or weakness to one side of the body. d) usually have an altered mental status or decreased level of consciousness.

usually have an altered mental status or decreased level of consciousness.

Signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include:

weak distal pulses