emt ch 15-24 exam
In contrast to hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia:
can only be corrected in the hospital setting.
Three months after returning home from West Africa, a 50-year-old man begins experiencing a fever, cough, and muscle aches. The EMT should suspect:
influenza
You are dispatched to a residence for a 66-year-old male who, according to family members, has suffered a massive stroke. Your primary assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. You should:
initiate CPR and attach an AED as soon as possible.
While auscultating an elderly woman's breath sounds, you hear low pitched "rattling" sounds at the bases of both of her lungs. This finding is MOST consistent with which of the following conditions?
Aspiration pneumonia
You have just completed your primary assessment of a 48-year-old man with crushing chest pain and difficulty breathing. The patient has been given 324 mg of aspirin and is receiving supplemental oxygen. As you begin your secondary assessment, you note that his mental status has deteriorated and he is now bradycardic. You should:
prepare the patient for immediate transport
A 30-year-old woman with a history of alcoholism presents with severe upper abdominal pain and is vomiting large amounts of bright red blood. Her skin is cool, pale, and clammy; her heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak; and her blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg. Your MOST immediate action should be to:
protect her airway from aspiration.
Patients with acute abdominal pain should not be given anything to eat or drink because:
substances in the stomach increase the risk of aspiration
Which of the following conditions offen requires transport to a hospital with specialized capabilities that may not be available at the closest hospital?
Stroke and heart attack
The adult epinephrine auto-injector delivers ______ mg of epinephrine, and the infant-child auto-injector delivers ______ mg.
0.3, 0.15
Insulin functions in the body by:
enabling glucose to enter the cells.
The left ventricle has the thickest walls because it
pumps blood into the aorta and systemic circulation
A 37-year-old male is having a severe allergic reaction to periallin. He does not have an epinephrine auto-injector, and your protocols do not allow you to carry a pinacion te on than ambulance. How should you proceed with tre treatment of this patient?
Administer oxygen, transport at once, and request a paramedic intercept
Why are prehospital emergency care guidelines updated on a regular basis?
Additional information and evidence indicate that the effectiveness of certain interventions has changed.
Which of the following represents the MOST appropriate method of assisting a patient with his or her prescribed nitroglycerin tablet or spray?
Administer the medication sublingually and allow it to dissolve or absorb.
you are assessing a 45-yoar-old female who is severely depressed. She states that it seems as though her entire if world is crashing down around her. Sho further states that sho has had frequent thoughts of suicide, but is not sure can actually go through with it. How should you manage this situation?
Ask the patient if she has developed a suicidal plan.
A 58-year-old male presents with confusion, right-sided weakness, and slurred speech. His airway is patent, and his breathing is adequate. His wife is present and is very upset. Which of the following has the MOST immediately prionity?
Asking his wife when she noticed the symptoms
Which of the following sets of vital signs would the EMT most likely encounter in a patient with acute cocaine overdose?
BP, 200/100 mm Hg; pulse, 150 beats/min
Which of the following MOST accurately describes what the patient will experience during the postictal state that follows a seizure
Confusion and fatigue
Which of the following medications blocks the release of histamines?
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
A 25-year-old man overdosed on heroin and is unresponsive. His breathing is slow and shallow and he is bradycardic. He has track marks on both arms. The EMT should:
Insert a nasal airway and ventilate with a bag-mask device
Which of the following clinical presentations is MOST consistent with pelvic inflammatory disease (PIDY?
Lower abdominal pain, fever, general malaise, and foul-smelling vaginal discharge
A 29-year-old pregnant woman has had severe vomiting for the last 2 days. Today, she is vomiting large amounts of blood. Her skin is cool and pale and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect:
Mallory-Weiss tear
Which of the following drugs is commonly referred to as "roofies"?
Rohypnol
Which of the following statements regarding gonorrhea is correct?
Painful urination is a common symptom of gonorrhea in men and women.
A 66-year-old woman experienced a sudden onsel of difficulty breathing. She has a history of type 2 diabetes arg deep vein thrombosis (DVT). On the basis of her medical history, which of the following should the EMT susped?
Pulmonary embolism
You are assessing a conscious 55-year-old male with a sudden change in behavior. Which of the following clinical findings would be MOST suggestive of dysfunction of this patient's central nervous system?
Rapid eve movement
A patient with a history of schizophrenia called EMS because he was experiencing abdominal pain. When law enforcement arrived, the patient became violent, necessitating the placement of handcuffs. When you assess the patient, he tells you that killing someone will make his abdominal pain go away. His vital signs are stable. How should you manage this situation?
Request a police officer to accompany you in the ambulance
Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CAP) would MOST likely be contraindicated in which of the following situations?
Shortness of breath and a blood pressure of 76/56 mm Hg
A 42-year-old male is found unresponsive on his couch by a neighbor. During your assessment, you find no signs of trauma and the patient's blood glucose level is 75 mg/dL. His blood pressure is 168/98 mm Hg, his heart rate is 45 beats/min and bounding, and his respirations are 8 breaths/min and irregular. The patient is wearing a medical alert bracelet that states he has hemophilia. You should:
Suspect that he has internal bleeding and is in shock, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport at once.
Which of the following statements regarding the AD and defibrillation is correct?
The AED will not analyze the rhythm of a moving patient.
Which of the following symptoms would lead the EMT to believe that a patient's headache is caused by sinus congestion
The pain is worse when bending over
Which of the following statements regarding the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is correct?
The risk of HIV infection is greatest when deposited on a mucous membrane of directly into the bloodstream.
You are assessing a 49-year-old man who, according to his wife, experienced a sudden, severe headache and then passed out. He is unresponsive and has slow, irregular breathing. His blood pressure is 190/94 mm Hig, and his pulse rate is 50 beats/min. His wife tells you that he has hypertension and diabetes. He has MOST likel experienced:
a ruptured cerebral artery
You are dispatched to a residence for a 40-year-old female who complains of lower abdominal pain, fever and chills, and a foul-smelling vaginal discharge. Which of the following additional assessment findings would increase your index of suspicion for pelvic inflammatory disease?
a shuffling gait when walking
A 35-year-old obese woman is complaining of localized pain in the right upper quadrant with referred pain to the right shoulder. The MOST likely cause of her pain is:
acute cholecystitis
You are dispatched to a residence for a 67-year-old female who was awakened by shortness of breath and sharp chest pain. Her husband tells you that she was recently discharged from the hospital after having hip surgery. Your assessment reveals dried blood around her mouth, facial cyanosis, and an oxygen saturation of 88%. You should suspect:
acute pulmonary embolism.
A 26-year-old female presents with heavy vaginal bleeding. She is conscious, but restless. Her blood pressure is 84/54 mm Hg, her pulse is 120 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. She tells you that she inserted a tampon about 2 hours ago. You should:
administer high-flow oxygen, place a sterile pad over her vagina, keep her warm, elevate her lower extremities, and transport without delay.
Your primary assessment of an elderly woman reveals that she is conscious and alert, but is experiencing difficulty breathing. She has a history of emphysema, hypertension, and congestive heart failure. As you assess the patient's circulatory status, you should direct your partner to:
administer oxygen with the appropriate device
The determination of whether a medical patient is a high-priority or low-priority transport is typically made
after the primary assessment has been completed.
An area of swelling or enlargement in a weakened artertal wall is called
an aneurysm.
pain that is localized to the lower back and/or lower abdominal quadrants is Most suggestive of
an aortic aneurysm
You are assessing a young male who was stung on the leg by a scorpion. He is conscious and alert, his breathing is regular and unlabored, and his blood pressure is 122/64 mm Hg. Assessment of his leg reveals a wheal surrounded by an area of redness. He states that he had a "bad reaction" the last time he was stung by a scorpion, and carries his own epinephrine auto-injector. You should:
apply oxygen as needed, clean the area with soap and water or a mild antiseptic, and transport him to the hospital.
You respond to a movie theater for a 70-year-old male who is confused. His wife tells you he has type 2 diabetes but refuses to take his pills. Your assessment reveals that the patient is diaphoretic, tachycardic, and tachypneic. Initial management for this patient should include:
applying a nonrebreathing mask at 15 L/min.
A 68-year-old male presents with bizarre behavior His daughter states that he did not seem to recognize her and was very rude to her. The patient is conscious and has a patent airway and adequate breathing. You should:
ask the daughter how her father normally behaves.
A 47-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain of 3 hours' duration. His abdomen is distended and guarded. Your MOST important consideration for this patient should be to
be alert for signs and symptoms of shock.
you are dis
assess the scene for potential hazards.
During your assessment of a young lemale with nontraumatic vaginal bleeding, you note that her level of consciousness is decreased, her respirations are rapid and shallow, her skin is cool and moist, and her pulse is rapid and weak. You should:
assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device.
You receive a call for a 70-year-old female with respiratory distress. Her husband tells you that she has congestive heart failure, however, he does not think that she has been taking her medications as prescribed. The patient is laboring to breathe, appears tired, and has cyanosis around her lips. You should:
assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device.
A 31-year-old male with a history of diabetes had a seizure that stopped prior to EMS arrival. He is unresponsive and has rapid, shallow breathing. His pulse is rapid and weak and his skin is cyanotic. The EMT should:
assist the patient's ventilations with a bag-valve mask.
Law enforcement has summoned you to a nightclub, where a 22-year-old female was found unconacious in an adjacent alley. Your primary assessment reveals that her respirations are rapid and shallow and her pulse is rapid and weak. She is wearing a medical alert bracalet that identies her as an epileptic. there is an empty bottle af vodka next to the patient. You should:
assist ventilations, perform a rapid exam, and prepare for immediate transport.
You and your paramedic partner are caring for a patient who ingested codeine, acetaminophen (Tylenol), and hydrocodone (Vicodin). The patient is unresponsive, his breathing is slow and shallow, and his puise is slow and weak. Treatment for this patient should include:
assisted ventilation and naloxone (Narcan)
which of the following statements regarding gastrointestinal bleeding is correct?
bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract is a symptom of another disease, not a disease itself
When an electrical impulse reaches the AV node, it is slowed for a brief period of time so that:
blood returning from the body can fill the atria
A 40-year-old male intentionally cut his wrist out of anger after losing his job. Law enforcement has secured the scene prior to your arrival. As you enter the residence and visualize the patient, you can see that he has a towel around his wrist and a moderate amount of blood has soaked through it. You should:
calmly identify yourself to the patient.
In addition to looking for severe bleeding, assessment of circulation in the conscious patient should involve
checking the radial pulse and noting the color, temperature, and condition of skin
The respiratory distress that accompanies emphysema is caused by
chronic stretching of the alveolar walls
a 3 year old female ingested several leaves from a plant in the living room. the childs mother is not sure what type of plant it is, stating that she bought it simply because it was pretty. after completing your initial assessment of the child, you should
contact the regional poison control center.
The myocardium receives oxygenated blood from the __________, which originate(s) from the __________.
coronary arteries, aorta
A young fernale is unconscious after intentionally ingesting a large amount of aspirin. You will MOST likely find her respirations:
deep and rapid
A 50 year-old man with diabeles has an altaral mental status and is unable to tell you when he last ata or took his insulin. Your glucometer keeps malfunctioning you are unable to determine his blood glucase which of the following clinical signs would MOST likely lead you to the correct diagnosis?
deep and rapid breathing
A 49-year-old male presents with confusion, sweating, and visual hallucinations. The patient's wife teils you that he is a heavy drinker and that he might have had a seizure shortly before your arrival. This patient is most likely experiencing:
delirium tremens
Peritonitis may result in shock because:
fluid shifts from the bloodstream into body tissues.
Ketone production is the result of:
fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable.
A 75-year-old male with type 1 diabetes presents with chest pain and a general feeling of weakness. He tells you that he took his insulin today and ate a regular meal approximately 2 hours ago. You should treat this patient as though he is experiencing:
heart attack
When obtaining a 12-lead ECG, the patient should be:
in a supine position with legs uncrossed.
A 78-year-old female presents with an acute change in her behavior. The patient's son tells you that his mother has type 2 diabetes and was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease 6 months ago. The patient's speech is slurred and she is not alert to her surroundings. You should:
inquire about the possibility of head trauma.
You are dispatched to an apartment complex where a 21-year-old female has apparently overdosed on several narcotic medications. She is semiconscious and has slow, shallow respirations. You should
insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisted ventilation.
You are assisting an asthma patient with his prescribed metered-dose inhaler. After the patient exhales. and before inhaling, the patient should put his or her lips around the inhaler, take a deep breath, and depress the inhale. You should:
instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can.
You are treating a 40-year-old male with a documented blood sugar reading of 480 mg/dL. The patient is semiconscious and breathing shallowly, and is receiving assisted ventilation from your partner. You should recognize that definitive treatment for this patient includes:
insulin
If a woman with vaginal bleeding reports syncope, the EMT should assume that she:
is in shock
Because the stinger of a honeybee remains in the wound following a sting:
it can continue to inject venom for up to 20 minutes.
A young female presents with costovertebral angle tenderness. She is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Which of the following organs is MOST likely causing her pain?
kidney
Law enforcement personnel request your assistance for a 30-year-old man who was pulled over for erratic driving. The patient became acutely violent while he was being questioned, which required one of the officers to subdue him with a Taser. When you arrive and assess the patient, you find that he is very agitated and is experiencing apparent hallucinations. His skin is flushed and diaphoretic. You should:
limit physical contact with the patient as much as possible and avoid interrupting him if he is attempting to communicate with you.
A 48-year-old male is found unconscious in the garden by his wife. When you arrive at the scene and assoss the man, you find that he is unresponsive, has labored breathing, and has hives over his entire trunk. You should
maintain his airway and assist his ventilations.
You and your MT partner arrive at the residence of a 50-year-old man who complains of weakness. Your primary assessment reveals that he is critically ill and will require aggressive treatment. The closest hospital is 25 miles away. You should:
manage all threats to airway, breathing, and circulation and consider requesting an ALS unit.
As an EMT, you may be authorized to administer aspirin to a patient with chest pain based on.
medical director approval
After administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 22-year-old female with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and resolution of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardic. You should;
monitor her closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine.
Bacterial vaginosis is a condition that occurs when:
normal bacteria in the vagina are replaced by an overgrowth of other bacterial forms.
When preparing to obtain a 12-lead ECG, the V, and V, elecirodes should be placed
on either side of the stemum.
A man finds his 59-year-old wife unconscious on the couch. He states that she takes medications for type 2 diabetes. He further tells you that his wife has been ill recently and has not eaten for the past 24 hours. Your assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive. You should:
open and maintain her airway and assess breathing.
A 22-year-old male with a history of clinical depression called 9-1-1 and stated that he has attemoted to kil himself. Your unit and law enforcement officers arrive at the scene simultaneously. You find the patient lying supine on the living room floor. He is unresponsive and cyanotic. An empty bottle of hydromorphone (Dilaudid) is found on an adjacent table. You should:
open the patient's airway and assess his respirations.
The greatest danger in displaying a personal bias or "labeling" a patient who frequently calls EMS is:
overlooking a potentially serious medical condition.
A 60-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. He is conscious and alert, has pink and dry skin, and has respirations of 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. Which of the following treatments is MOST appropriate for this patient?
oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and a focused secondary assessment
When assessing a patient with abdominal pain, you should:
palpate the abdomen in a clockwise direction, beginning with the quadrant after the one the patient indicates is painful
Law enforcement personnel request your assistance to assess a 31-year-old female who was sexually assauted. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient sitting on a curb outside her apartment. She is conscious, alert, and crying. When you ask her what happened, she tells you that she does not want to be treated or transported to the hospital. She further tells you that all she wants to do is clean up. You should:
provide emotional support and visually assess her for obvious trauma.
A 50-year-old male was stung by a honeybee approximately 15 minutes ago. He presents with respiratory distress facial swelling, and hypotension. After placing him on oxygen and administering his epinephrine via auto-injector, you note that his breathing has improved. Additionally, his facial swelling is resolving and his blood pressure is stable. Your next action should be to:
record the time and dose of the injection, and transport promptly.
You are caring for a 68-year-old man with sudden onset of left-sided paralysis and slurred speech. His airway is patent, his respirations are 14 breaths/min with adequate depth, and his oxygen saturation is 98%. Treatment for this patient should include:
recovery position and transport
You respond to a call for an unknown emergency. When you arrive at the scene, the patient's husband meets you at the door and states that his wife has been depressed and has locked herself in an upstairs bedroom. He further tells you that he keeps his handgun in the bedroom. You should:
remain in a safe place and request law enforcement.
You are assessing the arm drift component of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale on a 60-year-old woman, When she holds both of her arms out in front of her and closes her eyes, both of her arms immediately fall to her sides. You should:
repeat the arm dnift test, but move the patient's arms into position yourself
You have administered one dose of epinephrine to a 40-year-old female to treat an allergic reaction that she developed after being stung by a scorpion. Your reassessment reveals that she is still having difficulty breathing, has a decreasing mental status, and has a blood pressure of 80/50 mm Hg. You should:
request permission from medical control to give another dose of epinephrine.
A 38-year-old male with a history of schizophrenia is reported by neighbors to be screaming and throwing things in his house. You are familiar with the patient and have cared for him in the past for unrelated problems. Law enforcement officers escort you into the residence when you arrive. The patient tells you that he sees vampires and is attempting to ward them off by screaming and throwing things at them. He has several large lacerations to his forearms that are actively bleeding. The MOST appropriate way to manage this situation is to:
restrain the patient with appropriate force in order to treat his injuries.
You respond to a residence for a patient who is "not acting right." As you approach the door, the patient, a 35-year-old male, begins shouting profanities at you and your partner while holding a baseball bat. The man is confused and diaphoretic, and is wearing a medical identification bracelet. You should:
retreat at once and call law enforcement.
When caring for a patient who takes numerous medications, it is best to:
take all of the patient's medications with you to the hospital and document them on your patient care report.
When treating a patient with chest pain, you should assume that he or she is having an AMI because:
the cause of the pain cannot be diagnosed in the field.
which of the following statements regarding the hypoxic drive is correct?
the hypoxic drive simulates a person to breathe on the basis of low oxygen levels
Ventricular tachycardia causes hypotension because:
the left ventricle does not adequately fill with blood
You are dispatched to a local nursery for a 39-year-old female who is sick. When you arrive, you find the patient lying on the floor. She is semiconscious, has copious amounts of saliva coming from her mouth, and is incontinent of urine. You quickly feel her pulse and note that it is very slow. immediate management for this patient should
thoroughly suctioning her oropharynx.
Which of the following physiologic actions does epinephrine produce when given for an allergic reaction?
vasoconstriction and bronchodilation
You receive a call to a residence where a man found his wife unresponsive on the couch. The patient's respiratory rate is 8 breaths/min, her breathing is shallow, her heart rate is 40 beats/min, and her puise is weak. The husband hands you an empty bottle of hydrocodone (Vicodin), which was refilled the day before. You should
ventilate her with a bag-mask device.
Which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias has the greatest chance of deteriorating into a pulseless rhythm?
ventricular tachycardia
