EMT Ch 30 Abdominal and Genitourinary Injuries

The correct answer is: are rarely life-threatening

Injuries to the external male genitalia _______. Select one: A. usually result in permanent damage B. frequently lead to hypovolemic shock C. are rarely life-threatening D. are often life-threatening

The correct answer is: The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist.

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal eviscerations is correct? Select one: A. Adherent material is preferred when covering an evisceration. B. The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist. C. The organs should be replaced carefully to avoid heat loss. D. Most eviscerations occur to the left upper quadrant.

The correct answer is: insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a BVM.

You are transporting a 42-year-old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreathing mask and full spinal precautions have been applied. During your reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respirations have become shallow. You should: Select one: A. suction his oropharynx to ensure it is clear of secretions and then increase the oxygen flow rate to 15 L/min. B. perform a comprehensive secondary assessment to determine why his clinical status has changed. C. insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a BVM. D. reassess his vital signs and then notify the receiving hospital of the change in his clinical status.

The correct answer is: closely monitor him and reassess him frequently.

You are transporting a patient with blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is unstable and is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately, you should: Select one: A. closely monitor him and reassess him frequently. B. forgo the hospital radio report because of his condition. C. perform a comprehensive secondary assessment. D. begin documenting the call on the patient care form.

The correct answer is: a hematoma in the flank region

You should suspect a kidney injury anytime the patient presents with _______. Select one: A. nausea B. a hematoma in the flank region C. abdominal distention D. dyspnea

The correct answer is: be objective and factual

Your documentation on a sexual assault victim should _______. Select one: A. be objective and factual B. describe the status of the suspect(s) C. be subjective and summarize the crime D. include your opinion of the nature of the incident

The correct answer is: applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing.

A 54-year-old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that he is in severe pain and that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: Select one: A. covering the avulsion with moist, sterile dressings. B. applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing. C. administering 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. D. requesting a paramedic to administer pain medication.

The correct answer is: infection

Abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever are most likely due to _______. Select one: A. evisceration B. infection C. hemorrhage D. hypovolemia

The correct answer is: distention.

Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will MOST likely cause: Select one: A. distention. B. referred pain. C. nausea or vomiting. D. diffuse bruising.

The correct answer is: spleen.

All of the following are hollow abdominal organs, EXCEPT the: Select one: A. spleen. B. ureters. C. bladder. D. stomach.

The correct answer is: Shoulder fracture

Assuming that no obvious signs of intra-abdominal injury are present, which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause an injury to the liver or spleen to be overlooked? Select one: A. Shoulder fracture B. Lumbar spine fracture C. Femur fracture D. Pelvic fracture

The correct answer is: prompt transport to the hospital is essential.

Because the depth of an open abdominal wound is often difficult to determine: Select one: A. vital signs should be monitored frequently. B. the EMT must perform a thorough exam. C. the abdomen must be vigorously palpated. D. prompt transport to the hospital is essential.

The correct answer is: liver.

Bruising to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen following blunt trauma is MOST suggestive of injury to the: Select one: A. kidney. B. stomach. C. spleen. D. liver.

The correct answer is: Improperly placed lab belt

Compression injury is most likely due to which of the following? Select one: A. Ejection of unrestrained driver B. Improperly placed lab belt C. Stabbing D. Hollow-organ rupture

The correct answer is: guarding.

Contraction or tensing of the abdominal muscles in an effort to ease pain is called: Select one: A. flexing. B. referring. C. withdrawing. D. guarding.

The correct answer is: diaphragm.

Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is MOST indicative of a ruptured: Select one: A. diaphragm. B. aorta. C. spleen. D. stomach.

The correct answer is: intra-abdominal bleeding.

During your assessment of a patient who experienced blunt trauma to the abdomen, you notice bruising around the umbilicus. This is a sign of: Select one: A. intra-abdominal bleeding. B. a ruptured spleen. C. rupture of a hollow organ. D. a severe liver laceration.

The correct answer is: red areas of skin.

Early bruising following abdominal trauma often manifests as: Select one: A. dark-purple marks. B. gross distention. C. localized pain. D. red areas of skin.

The correct answer is: may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart.

Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy: Select one: A. is recommended if the patient has severe abdominal discomfort. B. often causes hypotension secondary to cardiac compression. C. may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart. D. results in spontaneous urinary incontinence if the bladder is full.

The correct answer is: a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body.

The mesentery is: Select one: A. a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body. B. a layer of thick skeletal muscles that protects the abdominal organs. C. a complex network of blood vessels that supply blood to the liver. D. the point of attachment between the small and large intestines.

The correct answer is: should be assumed to be a sign of shock.

The presence of tachycardia following a significant abdominal injury: Select one: A. is most commonly caused by severe pain. B. is always accompanied by hypotension. C. indicates a state of decompensated shock. D. should be assumed to be a sign of shock.

The correct answer is: peritonitis may not develop for several hours.

When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen: Select one: A. it commonly protrudes through the injury site. B. the abdomen will become instantly distended. C. it will bleed profusely and rapidly cause shock. D. peritonitis may not develop for several hours.

The correct answer is: larger in proportion to the abdomen

In pediatric patients, the liver and spleen are _______. Select one: A. larger in proportion to the abdomen B. more protected by the thorax compared to adults C. smaller in proportion to the abdomen D. less likely to bleed when injured

The correct answer is: hollow abdominal organs are damaged and spill their contents into the peritoneal cavity.

Peritonitis usually occurs when: Select one: A. hollow abdominal organs are damaged and spill their contents into the peritoneal cavity. B. solid abdominal organs bleed secondary to penetrating trauma. C. the vessels that supply the abdominal organs become inflamed. D. bacteria or viruses invade the walls of the gastrointestinal tract.

The correct answer is: guarding.

When a patient stiffens the muscles of the abdomen, it is known as _______. Select one: A. distention. B. guarding. C. instability. D. crepitus.

The correct answer is: Only when there is a complaint of severe pain or other injury

When should you visually inspect the external genitalia on your patient? Select one: A. Anytime the patient agrees to treatment and transport B. Always during the secondary assessment C. Only when ordered by medical direction D. Only when there is a complaint of severe pain or other injury

The correct answer is: below the anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis and against the hip joints.

When worn properly, a seatbelt should lie: Select one: A. across the abdominal wall at the level of the diaphragm and below the hip joints. B. across the abdominal wall at the level of the umbilicus and against the hip joints. C. below the anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis and against the hip joints. D. above the anterior posterior iliac spines of the pelvis and below the hip joints.

The correct answer is: Liver

Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely when injured? Select one: A. Intestine B. Stomach C. Bladder D. Liver

The correct answer is: Injury to the kidneys usually indicates injury to other organs.

Which of the following is true regarding injury to the kidneys? Select one: A. The kidneys are not well protected. B. Injury to the kidneys usually indicates injury to other organs. C. Kidney injuries are rarely caused by blunt trauma. D. Only minimal force is needed to damage the kidneys.

The correct answer is: control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once.

Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you note an impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure is 98/58 mm Hg, her pulse is 130 beats/min, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should: Select one: A. control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once. B. visualize the vaginal area and pack the vagina with sterile dressings. C. allow her to change her clothes and take a shower before you transport. D. arrange for a rape crisis center representative to speak with the patient.