EMT Ch 37 Test

32) When grossly decontaminating a patient who is not wearing personal protective equipment in a hazardous materials incident, which of the following techniques should be used? A) Taking a low-pressure decontamination shower B) Scrubbing with a long-handled brush C) Sponging with a dilute solution of water and white vinegar D) Using a high pressure water jet system

Explanation: A) CORRECT. A low pressure decontamination shower is a gross decon procedure. B) INCORRECT. Using a long handled brush is more of a technical decon procedure rather than gross decon. C) INCORRECT. Sponging with a dilute solution is more of a technical decon procedure rather than gross decon. D) INCORRECT. Using a high pressure water jet system is more of a technical decon procedure rather than gross decon. Page Ref: 1064 Objective: 37.8

62) Which of the following may help in minimizing the stressful effects of the disruption in circadian rhythms seen in EMS multiple-casualty incidents work? A) Seek help from a trained professional. B) Eat a heavy meal just before bedtime. C) Keep your bedroom light on and warm. D) Sleep as much as possible on days off.

Explanation: A) CORRECT. After a mass-casualty incident an EMS worker may have to seek help from a professional to help with normal sleep cycles. B) INCORRECT. A heavy meal right after a mass-casualty incident and right before bedtime may cause problems for the EMT sleeping normally. C) INCORRECT. Trying to sleep with the light on after a mass-casualty incident may disrupt the normal sleeping cycles. D) INCORRECT. Sleeping as much as possible on days off after a mass-casualty incident is not a healthy way to get normal sleep cycles. Page Ref: 1082 Objective: 37.13

43) ICS systems recognize that the manageable span of control is: A) 6 people. B) 12 people. C) 18 people. D) 24 people.

Explanation: A) CORRECT. ICS systems recognize that the manageable span of control is 6 people. B) INCORRECT. 12 people are beyond the manageable span of control of 6 people. C) INCORRECT. 18 people are beyond the manageable span of control of 6 people. D) INCORRECT. 24 people are beyond the manageable span of control of 6 people. Page Ref: 1069 Objective: 37.10

35) You are just leaving the scene of a multiple-casualty incident with two Priority 1 patients. Which of the following is appropriate regarding communication? A) Allow the transportation sector officer to notify the receiving facility. B) Notify the receiving facility by radio of the nature of the patients' injuries. C) Notify the receiving hospital by cellular phone of the nature of the patients' injuries. D) Have dispatch relay your patient reports to the receiving facility.

Explanation: A) CORRECT. In a multiple-casualty incident, the transportation officer notifies the receiving hospitals. B) INCORRECT. The transporting EMT defers any radio communication with the hospital to the transportation officer. C) INCORRECT. The transporting EMT defers any cellular communication with the hospital to the transportation officer. D) INCORRECT. The transporting EMT should not involve dispatch with patient reports, but instead defer such communication to the transportation officer in a multiple-casualty incident. Page Ref: 1081 Objective: 37.9

3) You are called to a garden center where four shoppers have collapsed after a section of shelving fell and dumped hazardous products on the floor. When you arrive on the scene, you should: A) think hazmat, secure the scene by limiting access, isolate the possible contaminated from the noncontaminated, and request hazmat response. B) think hazmat, dress in a Tyvek suit, secure the scene by limiting access, isolate the possible contaminated from the noncontaminated, and request hazmat response. C) secure the scene quickly, triage each patient, and move to fresh air. D) think hazmat, dress in a Tyvek suit, access the scene to identify the spilled product, secure the MSDS sheets, and remove victims to fresh air.

Explanation: A) CORRECT. In the scenario you should think hazmat, secure the scene by limiting access, isolate the possible contaminated from the noncontaminated, and request hazmat response. B) INCORRECT. If you are not hazardous materials trained, you should not dress in a Tyvek suit. C) INCORRECT. If you are not hazardous materials trained, you should not secure the scene. D) INCORRECT. If you are not hazardous materials trained, you should not dress in a Tyvek suit or access the hazmat scene. Page Ref: 1056-1057 Objective: 37.2

51) You arrive on the scene where a school bus has been hit by a train. The bus was in its early stages of picking up students and you only have 5 patients. Your closest unit is 30 minutes away. Triage this patient based on this scenario: Patient #3 is a 38-year-old female with the following vital signs: respirations 0, pulse 0, and nonresponsive. A) Priority 4, black tag B) Priority 1, red tag C) Priority 2, yellow tag D) Priority 3, green tag

Explanation: A) CORRECT. Patient has no vital signs so is considered to be black tagged. B) INCORRECT. The patient has no vital signs so is not red tagged, but black tagged. C) INCORRECT. The patient has no vital signs so is not yellow tagged, but black tagged. D) INCORRECT. The patient has no vital signs so is not green tagged, but black tagged. Page Ref: 1077 Objective: 37.11

7) Johnny is an EMT with a local ambulance service. As part of his job, he is trained to recognize the existence of a potentially dangerous scene involving hazardous materials and know when to request a hazmat response. Johnny's level of hazardous materials training is at the ________ level. A) First Responder Awareness B) First Responder Operations C) Hazardous Materials Technician D) Hazardous Materials Specialist

Explanation: A) CORRECT. Rescuers at this level are likely to witness or discover a hazardous substance release. They are trained only to recognize the problem and then initiate a response from the proper organizations. B) INCORRECT. The Operations level would be able to do such defensive things such as damming and diking to prevent runoff of product. C) INCORRECT. The Technician level would be able to make entry into a hazardous materials environment with an encapsulated suit. D) INCORRECT. The Specialist level would be trained to handle specific chemicals and mitigate incidents involving those chemicals. Page Ref: 1056 Objective: 37.3

41) Which of the following is a principle of effective Incident Command? A) Command is most effective when one person is responsible for not more than 6 other people. B) The command location must not be revealed to anyone on the scene. C) Police, fire, and EMS must establish separate command locations. D) None of the above

Explanation: A) CORRECT. The Incident Command is built on the principles of a manageable span of control for a supervisor overseeing subordinates. B) INCORRECT. The command location should be revealed to others on the scene that may have to access personnel there. C) INCORRECT. There should be a unified command with joint efforts of police, fire, and EMS. D) INCORRECT. Incident Command should not exceed a manageable span of control. Page Ref: 1069 Objective: 37.10

22) What source will provide first aid information about hazardous materials for employees at a work site? A) Safety Data Sheets B) Bill of lading C) Shipping manifest D) Placard

Explanation: A) CORRECT. The Safety Data Sheets (SDS), formally called Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), is required to be provided on hazardous materials by all manufacturers. These sheets must be maintained at the work site by the employer and available to all employees on the grounds that employees working with hazardous materials have a right to know about them. The SDS provides information on the material's name, physical properties, fire and explosives, health hazards, and emergency first-aid treatment. B) INCORRECT. The bill of lading is for shipping and not at a work site. C) INCORRECT. The shipping manifest is for shipping and not at a work site. D) INCORRECT. Placards are for shipping and not at a work site. Page Ref: 1060 Objective: 37.6

4) Which of the following agencies have developed regulations for dealing with hazardous materials emergencies? A) OSHA and EPA B) DOT and FCC C) NAEMT and NHTSA D) NHTSA and NRC

Explanation: A) CORRECT. Two federal agencies—the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)—have developed regulations to deal with the increasing frequency of hazmat emergencies. B) INCORRECT. The DOT and FCC do not deal with hazardous materials emergencies. C) INCORRECT. The NAEMT and NHTSA do not deal with hazardous materials emergencies. D) INCORRECT. The NHTSA and NRC do not deal with hazardous materials emergencies. Page Ref: 1055 Objective: 37.3

44) When several agencies work independently but cooperatively, rather than one agency exercising control over the others, this is called: A) unified command. B) single incident command. C) ICS. D) NIMS.

Explanation: A) CORRECT. Unified command would be agencies working independently but in coordination with others. B) INCORRECT. A single command would have one agency exercising control over the others. C) INCORRECT. The ICS system is made up of single and unified command structures. D) INCORRECT. The National Incident Management System (NIMS) is the model of ICS that most responders utilize. Page Ref: 1070 Objective: 37.10

55) Using START triage guidelines, a patient on the scene of a mass-causality incident who has no pulse is deemed a ________ patient. A) Priority 0 B) Priority 1 C) Priority 2 D) Priority 3

Explanation: A) CORRECT. When a patient has no pulse, most likely he or she is not viable. As a result, resources should not be expended to try to save the patient when there are many others who have the potential to live with treatment. It can be challenging for the EMT to make this call, but several other patients may survive as a result. B) INCORRECT. A patient with no pulse is obviously dead and not a Priority 1 patient. C) INCORRECT. A patient with no pulse is obviously dead and not a Priority 2 patient. D) INCORRECT. A patient with no pulse is obviously dead and not a Priority 3 patient. Page Ref: 1077 Objective: 37.11

25) When seeking expert advice on how to proceed at a hazardous materials incident, which of the following information is important to provide? A) Amount of the substance involved B) Your level of EMS certification C) Your background in chemistry D) Both A and B

Explanation: A) CORRECT. When talking to an expert about a hazardous materials incident it is important to provide the amount of the substance involved. B) INCORRECT. It is not important to provide your level of EMS certification. C) INCORRECT. It is not important to provide your background in chemistry. D) INCORRECT. It is only important to provide the amount of the substance involved and any pertinent information about the chemical involved. Page Ref: 1062 Objective: 37.7

36) What constitutes a multiple-casualty incident (MCI)? A) An event that unfolds over a long period of time and requires federal, state, and local response B) An incident with 3 to 15 patients that the service handles without calling for additional resources C) An event that places a great demand on EMS equipment and personnel resources D) Any event that requires additional ambulances to adequately transport the patients from the scene

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. A MCI does not have to unfold over a long period of time and involve state and federal resources. B) INCORRECT. The key to a MCI is that additional resources have to be called for since the initial responders are inundated. C) CORRECT. A MCI is any event that places a great demand on the initial responding resources, EMS equipment and personnel resources. D) INCORRECT. Just because an event requires additional ambulances for transport, it still may not have taxed the equipment and personnel resources of EMS. Page Ref: 1067 Objective: 37.9

40) Which of the following is a feature of a good disaster plan? A) It is specific to the geographical location. B) It has been practiced in mock disasters. C) It is based on the availability of resources in a particular area. D) All of the above

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. A good disaster plan is specific to the geographical location, but there are other features as well. B) INCORRECT. A good disaster plan should be practiced in mock disasters, but there are other features as well. C) INCORRECT. A good disaster plan is based on the availability of resources in a particular area, but there are other features as well. D) CORRECT. A good disaster plan is specific to a geographical location, based on the availability of resources in a particular area, and should be practiced in mock situations. Page Ref: 1067-1069 Objective: 37.10

61) When informing someone of the death of a loved one due to a multiple-casualty incident, you should use the term: A) expired. B) passed away. C) dead. D) sickly.

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. A person may misinterpret the term expired which makes dead a more direct term. B) INCORRECT. A person may misinterpret the term passed away which makes dead a more direct term. C) CORRECT. In a mass-casualty incident the word dead must be used. D) INCORRECT. A person may misinterpret the term sickly which makes dead a more direct term. Page Ref: 1075 Objective: 37.13

11) You are beginning triage at the scene of a mass-casualty incident in which a commuter train has derailed. Which of the following should you do first? A) Do a quick pulse check on all patients at the scene. B) Identify all Priority 1 patients. C) Announce that everyone who can get up and walk needs to go to the parking lot of a nearby building. D) Check the airway status of all patients who do not appear to be moving.

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. A pulse check is not done on every patient on the scene initially until the triage methods are started. B) INCORRECT. Finding the walking wounded would help cut down on patients that need immediate help to be able to find the Priority 1 patients of the remaining patients. C) CORRECT. The first step is to separate the walking wounded at the scene from the more seriously injured. D) INCORRECT. Checking the airway status of any patients is done after separating any patients that are walking wounded from the others. Page Ref: 1077 Objective: 37.4

27) Which of the following is NOT a desirable characteristic of the rehabilitation sector of a hazardous materials incident? A) It is large enough to accommodate multiple rescue crews. B) It allows for rapid re-entry to the emergency operation. C) It is protected from weather elements. D) It is located in the warm zone.

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. A rehab sector must be large enough to accommodate multiple rescue crews. B) INCORRECT. A rehab sector must allow for rapid re-entry to the emergency operation. C) INCORRECT. A rehab sector must be protected from weather elements. D) CORRECT. A rehab sector is located in the cold zone not in the warm zone. Page Ref: 1062-1063 Objective: 37.8

46) You are on the scene of a mass-casualty incident in which the grandstand at a race track has collapsed. As the triage officer, you have encountered a 14-year-old male whose leg has been amputated above the knee. He is responsive to verbal stimuli, and he has an open airway, shallow rapid breathing, and a weak, rapid carotid pulse. This patient would be classified as a Priority ________ for treatment and transport. A) 2 B) 3 C) 1 D) 4

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Based on the vital signs that are diminishing, the patient is a Priority 1 patient, not a Priority 2 patient. B) INCORRECT. Based on the vital signs that are diminishing, the patient is a Priority 1 patient, not a Priority 3 patient. C) CORRECT. Based on the vital signs that are diminishing, the patient is a Priority 1 patient. D) INCORRECT. Based on the vital signs that are diminishing, the patient is a Priority 1 patient, not a Priority 4 patient. Page Ref: 1075 Objective: 37.11

20) Which of the following is NOT an acceptable way of attempting to identify a hazardous material? A) Checking the material safety data sheet B) Collecting a sample of the material for laboratory analysis C) Asking the driver of the tractor-trailer truck involved in the incident D) Using binoculars to obtain information from the placard on a container

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Checking the material safety data sheet is an acceptable way to identify a hazardous material. B) CORRECT. A sample of the material is not collected to try to identify a hazardous material. C) INCORRECT. Asking the driver of the tractor-trailer truck is an acceptable way to identify a hazardous material. D) INCORRECT. Using binoculars to identify a placard is an acceptable way to identify a hazardous material. Page Ref: 1057-1060 Objective: 37.6

18) Where is the decon corridor located where patients, personnel, and equipment are decontaminated? A) Hot zone B) Cold zone C) Warm zone D) Cool zone

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Decontamination does not take place in the hot zone. B) INCORRECT. Decontamination does not take place in the cold zone. C) CORRECT. Decontamination takes place in the warm zone. D) INCORRECT. There is no such thing as a cool zone in hazardous materials incidents. Page Ref: 1057 Objective: 37.5

33) What is the process that removes the biological (etiological) contamination hazards as it destroys microorganisms and their toxins? A) Dilution B) Emulsification C) Disinfection D) Absorption

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Dilution means to add water to a solution or substance. B) INCORRECT. Emulsification is using a detergent, soap, or other emulsifying agent to make a suspension for removal. C) CORRECT. The process that removes the biological (etiological) contamination hazards as it destroys microorganisms and their toxins is called disinfection. D) INCORRECT. Absorption is to soak into a substance like a sponge. Page Ref: 1065 Objective: 37.8

37) Disaster plans are a predefined set of instructions that should be written to address the events that are conceivable for a particular location and which other three parts? A) Written, multijurisdictional, and rehearsed B) Well publicized, multijurisdictional, and rehearsed C) Well publicized, realistic, and rehearsed D) Written, realistic, and rehearsed

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Disaster plans are not necessarily multijurisdictional. B) INCORRECT. Disaster plans are not necessarily multijurisdictional. C) CORRECT. Disaster plans are a predefined set of instructions that should be written to address the events that are conceivable for a particular location and well publicized, realistic, and rehearsed. D) INCORRECT. Disaster plans are written to address the events for a particular location but the other three parts would be well publicized, realistic, and rehearsed. Page Ref: 1067-1069 Objective: 37.9

31) Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of decontamination from hazardous materials? A) Disinfecting B) Disposing C) Deodorizing D) Emulsifying

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Disinfecting is a mechanism of decontamination from hazardous materials. B) INCORRECT. Disposing is a mechanism of decontamination from hazardous materials. C) CORRECT. Deodorizing is not a method of decontamination. D) INCORRECT. Emulsifying is a mechanism of decontamination from hazardous materials. Page Ref: 1065-1066 Objective: 37.8

1) You are in charge of your department's personnel at the scene of a mass-casualty incident. As the incident progresses, you request additional resources and a neighboring department assists you. As part of this department's response, a battalion chief responds to oversee operations. At the command post, you and the battalion chief work together to manage the incident. This cooperative management effort is known as: A) dual command. B) redundant command. C) unified command. D) incident command.

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Dual command is not a type of incident command B) INCORRECT. Redundant command is not a type of incident command. C) CORRECT. In unified command several agencies work independently but cooperatively instead of one agency exercising control over the others. D) INCORRECT. Incident command is the management system, but of the two systems, single and unified, this scenario calls for unified command. Page Ref: 1070 Objective: 37.1

59) EMS operations generally include the Mobile command center and what other six areas? A) Extrication, Operations, Logistics, Triage, Finance, and Transportation B) Extrication, Staging, Logistics, Triage, Operations, and Transportation C) Extrication, Staging, Triage, Treatment, Transportation, and Rehabilitation D) Extrication, Staging, Triage, Air operations, Transportation, and Rehabilitation

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. EMS Operations does not contain Operations, Logistics, and Finance as these are reserved for the Command function of the IC. B) INCORRECT. EMS Operations does not contain Operations and Logistics, as these are reserved for the Command function of the IC. C) CORRECT. EMS Operations contains Extrication, Staging, Triage, Treatment, Transportation, and Rehabilitation. D) INCORRECT. EMS Operations does not contain Air Operations. Page Ref: 1072 Objective: 37.12

39) You are on the scene of a riot following a decision in a controversial court case. A large group of people have set fire to vehicles, broken windows, and assaulted people in the area. Which of the following would be the BEST method of incident command? A) Singular command by EMS B) Singular command by fire service C) Unified command D) Singular command by law enforcement

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. EMS would not be the lead agency in a riot and should work together with police and fire under unified command. B) INCORRECT. The fire service would not be the lead agency in a riot and should work together with police and EMS under unified command. C) CORRECT. If police agencies have major involvement, if there is a separate EMS provider, or if other agencies are involved, unified command is more appropriate. In unified command, several agencies work independently but cooperatively rather than one agency exercising control over the others. D) INCORRECT. Law enforcement would be the lead agency in a riot but they should work together with fire and EMS under unified command. Page Ref: 1070 Objective: 37.10

12) Which of the following is NOT the role of the first arriving EMT at the scene of a possible hazardous materials emergency? A) Requesting special resources to respond B) Recognizing a hazardous materials emergency C) Establishing a safe zone D) Rescuing any victims still in the area of the spill

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. EMTs are able to request special resources to respond to the scene. B) INCORRECT. EMTs are able to recognize a hazardous materials emergency. C) INCORRECT. EMTs are able to establish a safe zone. D) CORRECT. EMTs are not trained at the level to rescue an victims in the area of the spill. Page Ref: 1056-1057 Objective: 37.4

64) Which of the following has been shown to actually interfere with the normal grieving and healing process after a multiple-casualty incident? A) Mental health personnel available on the scene B) Mental health personnel available during the two months following a major incident C) EMT engaging in psychoanalysis D) Critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) sessions

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Having mental health personnel on the scene in a mass casualty incident helps in the grieving and healing process. B) INCORRECT. Having mental health personnel available during the two months post incident in a mass-casualty incident helps in the grieving and healing process. C) CORRECT. An EMT that tries to engage in psychoanalysis does more harm than good in a grieving and healing process after a mass-casualty incident. D) INCORRECT. Having CISD sessions in a mass-casualty incident helps in the grieving and healing process. Page Ref: 1082 Objective: 37.13

54) Using START triage guidelines, a patient on the scene of a mass-causality incident who is not breathing initially, but begins breathing when the airway is open, is deemed a ________ patient. A) Priority 0 B) Priority 1 C) Priority 2 D) Priority 3

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. If the patient did not breathe at all once the airway is opened the patient is Priority 0. B) CORRECT. If a patient is not breathing until you open the airway, the patient is potentially viable, but most likely in critical condition. This patient is a Priority 1 patient and will be transported as soon as possible. C) INCORRECT. The patient was not breathing initially so cannot be deemed Priority 2. D) INCORRECT. The patient was not breathing initially so cannot be deemed Priority 3. Page Ref: 1077 Objective: 37.11

21) Signs that identify the hazardous material contained within a transport vehicle are called: A) indicators. B) placards. C) panels. D) warnings.

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Indicators do not identify hazardous materials under transport. B) CORRECT. Vehicles transporting hazardous materials are required by the U.S. Department of Transportation to be marked with identification of the hazardous materials contained within. The diamond-shaped signs provide information about the hazard class and also a division number, which provides more specific information about the material. C) INCORRECT. Panels do not identify hazardous materials under transport. D) INCORRECT. Warnings do not identify hazardous materials under transport. Page Ref: 1057-1060 Objective: 37.6

2) In which of the following settings should the EMT be alert to the possibility of hazardous materials emergencies? A) Manufacturing industries B) Farm service agencies C) Shipping ports D) All of the above

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Manufacturing industries are settings where hazardous materials are present, but so are other settings. B) INCORRECT. Farm service agencies are settings where hazardous materials are present, but so are other settings. C) INCORRECT. Shipping ports are settings where hazardous materials are present, but so are other settings. D) CORRECT. Manufacturing industries, farm service agencies, and shipping ports are all settings where hazardous materials are present. Page Ref: 1055 Objective: 37.2

24) Which of the following is a resource for specific actions to be taken by personnel dealing with a hazardous materials incident? A) Medical protocols B) Emergency Response Guidebook C) Medical dictionary D) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) toll-free hotline

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Medical protocols are not a resource for a hazardous material incident. B) CORRECT. The Emergency Response Guidebook is a resource for dealing with a hazardous materials incident. C) INCORRECT. A medical dictionary is not a resource for a hazardous material incident. D) INCORRECT. The FDA toll-free hotline is not a resource for a hazardous material incident. Page Ref: 1061 Objective: 37.7

6) As it pertains to hazardous materials, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration requires employers to: A) train employees to handle any type of hazardous materials incident. B) document the appropriate level of training for each employee. C) have knowledge of all hazardous materials on the premises. D) ensure there is at least one person on-site trained at the technician level.

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Not all employees receive the maximum level of training to handle a hazmat incident. B) CORRECT. According to OSHA regulations, it is the responsibility of employers to determine, provide, and document the appropriate level of training for each employee. Training is required for all employees who participate, or who are expected to participate, in emergency response to hazardous substance accidents. C) INCORRECT. OSHA does not require that employees have knowledge of all hazardous materials. D) INCORRECT. OSHA does not require that at least one person is trained to the technician level. Page Ref: 1056 Objective: 37.3

23) ________ is the response agency, established in Washington, DC, as a service of the Chemical Manufacturers Association that can provide either you or your dispatcher with information about the hazardous material and contact the shipper to provide you with information about the material. A) OSHA B) CHEMTREC C) HAZMART D) EPA

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. OSHA is not the agency to provide support during hazmat incidents. B) CORRECT. CHEMTREC is the response agency that provides information to you and your dispatcher about hazardous materials and contacts the shipper about the material. C) INCORRECT. HAZMART is not the agency to provide support during hazmat incidents. D) INCORRECT. EPA is not the agency to provide support during hazmat incidents. Page Ref: 1061 Objective: 37.7

34) Which of the following is the MOST common type of multiple-casualty incident that EMS providers will respond to? A) Outbreaks of influenza B) Motor vehicle collisions C) Structure fires D) Hazardous materials incidents

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Outbreaks of the flu are not the most common multiple-casualty incidents that EMS will respond to. B) CORRECT. The most common multiple-casualty incident that EMS providers will respond to is motor vehicle collisions. C) INCORRECT. Structure fires are not the most common multiple-casualty incidents that EMS will respond to. D) INCORRECT. Hazardous materials incidents are not the most common multiple-casualty incidents that EMS will respond to. Page Ref: 1067 Objective: 37.9

48) With START triage, when you arrive on the scene you ask all the patients who can walk to move to one area. These patients are categorized as: A) yellow tagged. B) Priority 3 walking wounded. C) red tagged. D) Priority 4 walking wounded.

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Patients that are walking wounded are green tagged. B) CORRECT. Patient that can walk to move are considered walking wounded. C) INCORRECT. Patients that are walking wounded are green tagged. D) INCORRECT. Priority 3 is the lowest priority patients that are treated. Priority 4 is also called Priority 0 which means obviously dead and not treated. Page Ref: 1077 Objective: 37.11

8) Soraya is an EMT who volunteers for a local fire department. On the scene of a hazardous materials incident, she helps prevent the incident from becoming larger and ensures bystanders remain safe. Soraya's level of hazardous materials training is at the ________ level. A) First Responder Awareness B) First Responder Operations C) Hazardous Materials Technician D) Hazardous Materials Specialist

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Rescuers at this level are likely to witness or discover a hazardous substance release. They are trained only to recognize the problem and then initiate a response from the proper organizations. B) CORRECT. This level of training is for those who initially respond to releases or potential releases of hazardous materials in order to protect people, property, and the environment. They stay at a safe distance, keep the incident from spreading, and protect others from any exposures. C) INCORRECT. This level is for rescuers who actually plug, patch, or stop the release of a hazardous material. These activities are likely within this response area. D) INCORRECT. This level of rescuer is expected to have advanced knowledge and skills, and to command and support activities at the incident site. Page Ref: 1056 Objective: 37.3

9) Eduardo is an EMT with a major metropolitan fire department. He is assigned to a station within an industrial complex. On the scene of a hazardous materials incident, Eduardo functions on a team where he plugs a leaking drum. Eduardo's level of hazardous materials training is at the ________ level. A) First Responder Awareness B) First Responder Operations C) Hazardous Materials Technician D) Hazardous Materials Specialist

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Rescuers at this level are likely to witness or discover a hazardous substance release. They are trained only to recognize the problem and then initiate a response from the proper organizations. B) INCORRECT. This level of training is for those who initially respond to releases or potential releases of hazardous materials in order to protect people, property, and the environment. They stay at a safe distance, keep the incident from spreading, and protect others from any exposures. C) CORRECT. This level is for rescuers who actually plug, patch, or stop the release of a hazardous material. These activities are likely within this response area. D) INCORRECT. This level of rescuer is expected to have advanced knowledge and skills, and to command and support activities at the incident site. Page Ref: 1056 Objective: 37.3

10) Andrea is an EMS supervisor with a combined EMS/Fire department. On the scene of a hazardous materials incident, she uses her knowledge of hazardous materials to support the activities of other responders and manage the scene. Andrea's level of hazardous materials training is at the ________ level. A) First Responder Awareness B) First Responder Operations C) Hazardous Materials Technician D) Hazardous Materials Specialist

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Rescuers at this level are likely to witness or discover a hazardous substance release. They are trained only to recognize the problem and then initiate a response from the proper organizations. B) INCORRECT. This level of training is for those who initially respond to releases or potential releases of hazardous materials in order to protect people, property, and the environment. They stay at a safe distance, keep the incident from spreading, and protect others from any exposures. C) INCORRECT. This level is for rescuers who actually plug, patch, or stop the release of a hazardous material. These activities are likely within this response area. D) CORRECT. This level of rescuer is expected to have advanced knowledge and skills, and to command and support activities at the incident site. Given her job description, she is likely to command personnel performing activities at the Technician level. Page Ref: 1056 Objective: 37.3

42) You are an EMT on the scene of a mass-casualty incident in which there are 50 patients from a bus roll-over. Incident Command has been established and EMS, law enforcement, and rescue sectors are established. You have just discovered that one of the bus passengers was carrying a suspicious package that is now leaking a white powdery substance. Which of the following entities should you contact about this? A) Incident Commander B) EMS sector officer C) Rescue sector officer D) Dispatch

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Since the command structure has been established a field EMT would not talk directly to the Incident Commander but to the EMS sector officer. B) CORRECT. The EMS sector officer is who the EMT should report to who will in turn relay the information to the Incident Commander. C) INCORRECT. The EMT would not report directly to the rescue sector officer, but to the EMS sector officer. D) INCORRECT. The EMT would not report additional important information about the scene to dispatch, but a direct supervisor, in this case the EMS sector officer. Page Ref: 1072 Objective: 37.10

57) When responding to a multiple-casualty incident, staging refers to which of the following? A) Setting up a triage center from the back of your ambulance B) Staying on station until called upon to receive a patient C) Keeping a log of all patients transported D) Waiting in a designated location until called upon by the designated sector officer

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Staging has to do with positioning of units ready for deployment, not the triaging of patients. B) INCORRECT. The staging location may not be at the station, but may be a remote location to stage until called to enter the scene or transport a patient. C) INCORRECT. The transportation officer would be logging as part of the transport sector. D) CORRECT. Staging is waiting in a designated location until called for by appropriate ICS personnel. Page Ref: 1081 Objective: 37.12

63) Which of the following is NOT a warning sign or physical symptom of stress? A) Heart palpitations B) GI distress C) Increased salivation D) Chest pain

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Stress is mediated by the sympathetic nervous system and includes heart palpitations. B) INCORRECT. Stress is mediated by the sympathetic nervous system and includes GI distress. C) CORRECT. Stress is mediated by the sympathetic nervous system and includes decreased not increased salivations. D) INCORRECT. Stress is mediated by the sympathetic nervous system and includes chest pain. Page Ref: 1082 Objective: 37.13

30) Which of the following personal protective items must be used by EMS personnel caring for patients in a hazardous materials emergency? A) Structural firefighting gear B) HEPA mask C) Chemical permeable gloves D) Tyvek or other chemical impermeable coveralls

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Structural firefighting gear will allow hazardous materials to come in contact with the EMS crew's skin. B) INCORRECT. A HEPA mask will allow hazardous materials to come in contact with the EMS crew's skin. C) INCORRECT. Chemical permeable gloves will allow hazardous materials to come in contact with the EMS crew's skin. D) CORRECT. A Tyvek suit or chemical impermeable coveralls will protect the EMS crew's skin from hazardous materials. Page Ref: 1063 Objective: 37.8

17) In which of the following zones is the EMT expected to be staged at the scene of a hazardous materials incident? A) Warm zone B) Hot zone C) Cold zone D) Ground zero

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The EMT is not in the warm zone unless properly trained. B) INCORRECT. The EMT is not in the hot zone unless properly trained. C) CORRECT. The EMT is expected to be staged in the cold zone. D) INCORRECT. Ground zero would be in the hot zone where the EMT is not located. Page Ref: 1057 Objective: 37.5

14) Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of an EMT at the scene of a hazardous materials emergency? A) Rehabilitating the hazmat team B) Decontaminating injured victims C) Treating injured patients D) Staying in the cold zone

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The EMT is responsible for rehabbing the hazmat team. B) CORRECT. The EMT does not decontaminate injured victims. C) INCORRECT. The EMT is responsible for treating injured patients. D) INCORRECT. The EMT is responsible for staying in the cold zone. Page Ref: 1056-1060 Objective: 37.4

5) To respond to a hazardous materials incident, the EMT should be trained at which of the four levels? A) Operations B) Specialist C) Technician D) Awareness

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The EMT would not be trained typically to the Operations level. B) INCORRECT. The EMT would not be trained typically to the Specialist level. C) INCORRECT. The EMT would not be trained typically to the Technician level. D) CORRECT. To respond to a hazardous materials incident, the EMT should be trained at the Awareness level. Page Ref: 1056 Objective: 37.3

47) Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) is a system that relies on some simple commands and what three physiologic parameters? A) Respiration, pain, and mental status B) Circulation, sensory, and motor status C) Respiration, sensory, and motor status D) Respiration, pulse, and mental status

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The START method of triage does not use the parameter of pain. B) INCORRECT. The START method of triage does not use the parameters of circulation, sensory, or motor status. C) INCORRECT. The START method of triage does not use the parameters of sensory or motor status. D) CORRECT. The START method of triage is based on respiration, pulse, and mental status. Page Ref: 1076 Objective: 37.11

16) Which of the following are desirable characteristics of the "safe or cold zone" in a hazardous materials incident? A) Upwind, uphill from the spill B) Upwind, on the same level as the spill C) Downwind, uphill from the spill D) Downwind, downhill from the spill

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The cold zone is not typically located uphill from the spill, but on the same level as the spill. B) CORRECT. The safe zone should be on the same level as, and upwind from, the hazardous materials incident site. C) INCORRECT. The safe (cold) zone is not downwind or uphill from the spill. D) INCORRECT. The safe (cold) zone is not downwind or downhill from the spill. Page Ref: 1057 Objective: 37.5

19) An area near a hazardous materials incident that is upwind from the incident and on higher ground is a good location for a: A) danger zone. B) hot zone. C) safe zone. D) treatment zone.

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The danger zone is not a formal area in the hazmat incident but part of the hot zone. B) INCORRECT. The hot zone is where the spill or incident is located in a hazardous material incident. C) CORRECT. The safe zone should be on the same level as, and upwind from, the hazardous material incident site. This area is safe to enter without special protective equipment, and is located upwind and uphill to be in a safe position in comparison to the hazardous situation. D) INCORRECT. The treatment zone is in the cold zone and is part of the safe zone. Page Ref: 1057 Objective: 37.5

29) Which of the following actions may need to be taken by the EMT when treating and transporting a patient who was exposed to, and contaminated by, a hazardous material? A) Wearing heavy cloth gloves B) Disposing of patient care equipment such as blood-pressure cuffs and backboards C) Wearing a gown, mask, and goggles to prevent secondary contamination D) Placing towels on the floor of the ambulance to soak up contaminated runoff water

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The heavy cloth gloves will soak up any contamination exposing the EMT to the substance. B) CORRECT. The correct measure may be to dispose of equipment that would normally be considered not disposable may have to be discarded due to the contamination of the hazardous materials on the equipment. C) INCORRECT. The typical PPE used on a medical incident may not protect the EMT from hazardous materials exposure. D) INCORRECT. The towels on the floor will soak up any contamination exposing the EMT to the substance. Page Ref: 1064 Objective: 37.8

56) Using START triage guidelines, a patient on the scene of a mass-causality incident who is alert and has a capillary refill time of less than 2 seconds is deemed a ________ patient. A) Priority 0 B) Priority 1 C) Priority 2 D) Priority 3

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The patient has a capillary refill time of less than 2 seconds so cannot be Priority 0. B) INCORRECT. The patient has a capillary refill time of less than 2 seconds so cannot be Priority 1. C) INCORRECT. The patient is alert with a good capillary refill time so cannot be Priority 2. D) CORRECT. According to the START triage guidelines, this patient is alert, has a pulse, and is breathing less than 30 times per minute. At the current time, this patient is not in immediate danger, and limited resources can be used for those patients who have greater, more immediate medical-care needs. Page Ref: 1077 Objective: 37.11

53) You arrive on the scene where a school bus has been hit by a train. The bus was in its early stages of picking up students and you only have 5 patients. Your closest unit is 30 minutes away. Triage this patient based on this scenario: Patient #5 is a 17-year-old male with the following vital signs: respirations 18, pulse 104, alert, crying, and wanting his mother; he is ambulatory. A) Priority 2, yellow tag B) Priority 3, green tag C) Priority 1, red tag D) Priority 4, black tag

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The patient has stable vital signs and is ambulatory so is not yellow tagged. B) CORRECT. The patient is green tagged based on stable vital signs. C) INCORRECT. The patient has stable vital signs and is ambulatory so is not red tagged. D) INCORRECT. The patient has stable vital signs and is ambulatory so is not black tagged. Page Ref: 1077 Objective: 37.11

60) Who is the person that is in charge of tracking the patient's final destination? A) Treatment officer B) Staging officer C) Transportation officer D) Incident Commander

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The treatment officer is responsible for coordinating the patient care, not where they are transported to. B) INCORRECT. The staging officer is responsible for staged units in reserve, not where patients are transported to. C) CORRECT. The transportation officer is in charge of tracking the patient's final destination. D) INCORRECT. The Incident Commander is in charge of the overall incident command and is not privy to what hospital all patients are transported to. Page Ref: 1081 Objective: 37.12

45) You are on the scene of a church bus roll-over collision. There are 30 passengers involved. As triage officer, which one of the following patients should you assign the highest priority? A) 30-year-old man with multiple lower extremity fractures who is awake, has a strong radial pulse, and is complaining of severe pain B) 35-year-old pregnant woman with a cut on her head, neck pain, and numbness and tingling in her arms C) 70-year-old woman who is awake but having difficulty breathing and has absent lung sounds on the right side D) Unresponsive 9-year-old male with an open skull fracture who is in cardiac arrest

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The patient with multiple lower extremity fractures, who is awake, has a strong radial pulse, and complaining of pain is stable as compared to what other patients in a mass casualty may be. B) INCORRECT. A patient with a cut on her head and numbness and tingling in her arms is more stable as compared to what other patients in a mass casualty may be. C) CORRECT. A patient with breathing difficulty due to a tension pneumothorax is a high priority patient that must be transported before others. D) INCORRECT. A patient in cardiac arrest in a mass-casualty incident is a lower priority due the unavailability of adequate resources to manage the patient. Page Ref: 1075 Objective: 37.11

15) You are called to a local hardware store for a male patient complaining of difficulty breathing. As you pull into the parking lot you notice several people in front of the building coughing and in obvious distress. What would be an appropriate course of action at this point? A) Locate the patient for whom you were requested and begin treatment while another ambulance is en route for the other patients. B) Request a hazardous materials incident response and begin treating all patients displaying respiratory difficulties. C) Evaluate the scene further for indications of a hazardous environment and request a hazardous materials response. D) Move the people with respiratory difficulties to a distant corner of the parking lot and set up a treatment sector.

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The patients may be contaminated so a hazardous material team should be called to assist with patient decontamination and treatment. B) INCORRECT. The patients may be contaminated so a hazardous material team should be called to assist with patient decontamination and treatment. C) CORRECT. On arrival, be very careful when evaluating the scene. Use this information in conjunction with any complaints to make decisions that will keep you safe. In general, you should always use appropriate resources to keep everyone safe, including your patients. D) INCORRECT. The patients may be contaminated so a hazardous material team should be called to assist with patient decontamination and treatment. Page Ref: 1056-1057 Objective: 37.4

13) Which of the following should be considered during the scene size-up of a hazardous materials emergency? A) Potential for spread of the substance B) The properties and potential dangers of the substance C) Identification of the substance D) All of the above

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The potential for spread of the substance is a consideration, but there are also other considerations. B) INCORRECT. The properties and potential dangers of the substance is a consideration, but there are also other considerations. C) INCORRECT. Identification of the substance is a consideration, but there are other considerations. D) CORRECT. The potential for spread, the properties and potential dangers, and identification of the substance are all considerations on a hazardous materials emergency. Page Ref: 1056-1060 Objective: 37.4

26) At 0330, you responded to the scene of an overturned tanker truck. What organization could you contact to obtain information about the liquid the truck is carrying? A) Regional poison control center B) CHEMTREC C) CHEM-CALL D) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The regional poison control center does not provide information about tanker trucks. B) CORRECT. CHEMTREC, a service of the Chemical Manufacturers Association, provides callers with information about hazardous materials and can contact shippers and manufacturers. CHEMTREC operators can also provide information about a proper initial course of action. C) INCORRECT. The CHEM-CALL does not provide information about tanker trucks. D) INCORRECT. The EPA does not provide information about tanker trucks. Page Ref: 1061 Objective: 37.7

28) Which of the following is a function of the rehabilitation sector in a hazardous materials incident? A) Providing for hydration of rescue crews B) Taking baseline vital signs before rescuers enter the operations area C) Performing medical assessment of rescue crews D) All of the above

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The rehab sector provides for hydration of rescue crews, but provides other functions as well. B) INCORRECT. The rehab sector takes the baseline vital signs of rescuers, but provides other functions as well. C) INCORRECT. The rehab sector performs medical assessments of rescue crews, but provides other functions as well. D) CORRECT. The rehab sector provides for hydration of rescue crews, takes baseline vital signs of the rescuers, and medical assessments of the rescue crews. Page Ref: 1062-1063 Objective: 37.8

38) The senior EMT on the first vehicle that arrived on a scene with multiple patients should assume which of the following roles until relieved by a senior official? A) Transport sector supervisor B) Commander of the entire incident C) Triage sector supervisor D) Incident Commander of the scene

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The transport sector supervisor is assigned later in the incident. B) INCORRECT. The overall incident commander on a incident should not be the first arriving senior EMT, but should be fire or EMS supervisor like a chief. C) INCORRECT. Triage sector supervisor is assigned once more responders arrive on the scene. D) CORRECT. The senior EMT on a first arriving ambulance should assume incident command of the incident until relieved by a senior official. Page Ref: 1070 Objective: 37.10

58) When transporting patients from the scene of a mass-casualty incident, who should be responsible for contacting the receiving hospital? A) Transporting EMT B) Incident commander C) Transportation officer D) Triage officer

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The transporting EMT would be responsible to call with a single patient but with a mass-casualty incident, the transportation officer calls the various hospitals. B) INCORRECT. The incident commander is responsible for overall command of the incident, but does not call hospitals. C) CORRECT. Having a single point of contact from the scene to the receiving hospital(s) will allow for more efficient, effective, and accurate communications. Additionally, the transportation officer, who is responsible for all patients being transported, can better account for patients' whereabouts and remain organized, especially on a complex incident. D) INCORRECT. The triage officer is responsible for triaging the patients, but the transportation officer coordinates where each patient goes. Page Ref: 1081 Objective: 37.12

52) You arrive on the scene where a school bus has been hit by a train. The bus was in its early stages of picking up students and you only have 5 patients. Your closest unit is 30 minutes away. Triage this patient based on this scenario: Patient #4 is a 13-year-old female with the following vital signs: respirations 8, pulse 124, and nonresponsive with blood from the ears and nose. A) Priority 3, green tag B) Priority 4, black tag C) Priority 1, red tag D) Priority 2, yellow tag

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. This patient is a high priority patient based on the vitals and should be red tagged, not green tagged. B) INCORRECT. This patient is a high priority patient based on the vitals and should be red tagged, not black tagged. C) CORRECT. This patient is a high priority patient based on the vitals and should be red tagged. D) INCORRECT. This patient is a high priority patient based on the vitals and should be red tagged, not yellow tagged. Page Ref: 1077 Objective: 37.11

49) You arrive on the scene where a school bus has been hit by a train. The bus was in its early stages of picking up students and you have 5 patients. Your closest unit is 30 minutes away. Triage this patient based on this scenario: Patient #1 is a 16-year-old female with the following vital signs: respirations 28, pulse 132, and altered mental status with cool clammy skin. A) Priority 3, green tag B) Priority 4, black tag C) Priority 1, red tag D) Priority 2, yellow tag

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. This patient is in shock so is not green tagged as walking wounded. B) INCORRECT. This patient is in shock so is not black tagged as obviously dead. C) CORRECT. This patient is Priority 1, red tag, based on the vital signs. D) INCORRECT. This patient is in shock, not yellow tagged, and is a higher priority patient. Page Ref: 1077 Objective: 37.11

50) You arrive on the scene where a school bus has been hit by a train. The bus was in its early stages of picking up students and you only have 5 patients. Your closest unit is 30 minutes away. Triage this patient based on this scenario: Patient #2 is an 8-year-old male with the following vital signs: respirations 10, pulse 102, and alert mental status with warm dry skin. A) Priority 1, red tag B) Priority 3, green tag C) Priority 2, yellow tag D) Priority 4, black tag

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. This patient is stable based on the vital signs so is not red tagged. B) CORRECT. This patient is stable and is considered walking wounded and will be green tagged. C) INCORRECT. This patient is stable based on the vital signs so is not yellow tagged. D) INCORRECT. This patient is stable based on the vital signs so is not black tagged. Page Ref: 1077 Objective: 37.11