Emt ch.11 Pharmacology

Which of the following is an example of a generic drug? Select one: A. Bayer B. Advil C. Aspirin D. Excedrin

The correct answer is: Aspirin

You are treating a 45-year-old woman who was stung by a hornet and has a rash. She tells you that she is allergic to hornets and has her own epinephrine auto-injector. She also tells you that she takes medication for hypertension. Her breath sounds do not reveal any wheezing, her breathing is unlabored, and her blood pressure is 154/94 mm Hg. What should you do if you are not able to make contact with medical control? Select one: A. Give her half the dose of her epinephrine in case her allergic reaction is delayed. B. Administer her epinephrine, reassess her condition, and transport her promptly. C. Begin immediate transport and request an intercept with a paramedic ambulance. D. Begin transport to the hospital and closely monitor her condition while en route.

The correct answer is: Begin transport to the hospital and closely monitor her condition while en route.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epinephrine? Select one: A. Constricts the blood vessels B. Dilates passages in the lungs C. Secreted naturally by the adrenal glands D. Decreases heart rate and blood pressure

The correct answer is: Decreases heart rate and blood pressure

What medication form does oral glucose come in? Select one: A. Suspension B. Liquid C. Fine powder D. Gel

The correct answer is: Gel

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct? Select one: A. Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream. B. Glucose is a complex sugar that rapidly absorbs into the bloodstream. C. Glucose is given to patients who are suspected of being hyperglycemic. D. Glucose is usually administered by the EMT via the intravenous route.

The correct answer is: Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream.

What is the route of administration for the EpiPen auto-injector? Select one: A. Intraosseous B. Intravenous C. Sublingual D. Intramuscular

The correct answer is: Intramuscular

Which of the following medication routes would be the MOST appropriate to use in an unresponsive patient when intravenous access cannot be obtained? Select one: A. Subcutaneous B. Intraosseous C. Transcutaneous D. Intramuscular

The correct answer is: Intraosseous

Which of the following is required for an EMT to administer a drug to a patient? Select one: A. A patient with stable vital signs B. An alert adult patient C. Medical direction approval D. A patient with an altered level of consciousness

The correct answer is: Medical direction approval

Which of the following statements regarding parenteral medications is correct? Select one: A. Compared to enteral medications, parenteral medications have fewer side effects. B. Tylenol is an example of a parenteral medication because it is taken orally. C. Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications. D. Parenteral medications are absorbed by the body through the digestive system.

The correct answer is: Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications.

Which of the following patient populations typically require a modified drug dose? Select one: A. Pediatric patients B. Patients with asthma C. Middle adults D. Females

The correct answer is: Pediatric patients

Which of the following clinical signs would necessitate the administration of naloxone (Narcan)? Select one: A. Extreme agitation B. Hypertension C. Slow respirations D. Tachycardia

The correct answer is: Slow respirations

How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT? Select one: A. Orally B. Sublingually C. Inhaled D. Injected

The correct answer is: Sublingually

Which of the following is an example of a rules-based medication error? Select one: A. The EMT administers a drug that is contraindicated for the patient. B. The EMT accidentally gives a higher drug dose than what is indicated. C. The EMT administers the correct drug, but gives it by the wrong route. D. The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director.

The correct answer is: The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director.

Which of the following medication routes delivers a drug through the skin over an extended period of time, such as a nitroglycerin or nicotine patch? Select one: A. Sublingual B. Subcutaneous C. Intraosseous D. Transcutaneous

The correct answer is: Transcutaneous

While assisting a paramedic in the attempted resuscitation of a 55-year-old male in cardiac arrest, you should expect the paramedic to: Select one: A. give the patient nitroglycerin to increase his blood pressure. B. give the patient activated charcoal to rule out a drug overdose. C. withhold drug therapy until an intraosseous catheter is in place. D. administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect.

The correct answer is: administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect.

The term "pharmacology" is MOST accurately defined as: Select one: A. the study of drugs that are produced illegally. B. the study of how medications affect the brain. C. the study of drug excretion from the human body. D. the study of drugs and their actions on the body.

The correct answer is: the study of drugs and their actions on the body.

Which of the following statements regarding the epinephrine auto-injector is correct? Select one: A. EMTs do not need physician authorization to use the auto-injector. B. The auto-injector delivers epinephrine via the subcutaneous route. C. The epinephrine auto-injector delivers a preset amount of the drug. D. The adult auto-injector delivers 0.5 to 1 mg of epinephrine.

The epinephrine auto-injector delivers a preset amount of the drug.

Activated charcoal is an example of a(n): Select one: A. gel. B. elixir. C. suspension. D. solution.

The correct answer is: suspension.

You are dispatched to a state park for a young female experiencing an allergic reaction. Your assessment reveals that her breathing is severely labored and her blood pressure is very low. You carry epinephrine auto-injectors on your ambulance and have been trained and approved by your medical director to administer them. As your partner gives the patient supplemental oxygen, you attempt to contact medical control but do not have a signal from your cell phone. You should: Select one: A. place her in a supine position, keep her warm, begin transport to the hospital, and request a paramedic intercept en route. B. immediately load the patient into the ambulance, begin transport, and reattempt to contact medical control when you receive a cell signal. C. notify dispatch and request that a paramedic unit respond to the scene so they can administer epinephrine to the patient. D. administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital

The correct answer is: administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital.

The process of binding or sticking to a surface is called: Select one: A. digestion. B. absorption. C. suspension. D. adsorption.

The correct answer is: adsorption.

A 62-year-old male is seen with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering supplemental oxygen if needed and contacting medical control, you should: Select one: A. begin immediate transport and request a rendezvous with a paramedic unit. B. assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg. C. administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin before assessing his blood pressure. D. administer the nitroglycerin unless he has taken Viagra within the past 72 hours.

The correct answer is: assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg.

A 37-year-old male is found unresponsive in his car. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and labored. As you and your partner are assessing and treating the patient, a police officer hands you a medication named Alupent, which he found in the backseat of the patient's car. This medication suggests that the patient has a history of: Select one: A. allergic reactions. B. hypertension. C. asthma. D. heart disease.

The correct answer is: asthma.

Medications encased in a gelatin shell that are taken by mouth are called: Select one: A. capsules. B. caplets. C. tablets. D. pills.

The correct answer is: capsules.

When assessing an elderly male who complains of nausea and generalized weakness, you find that he takes atorvastatin (Lipitor) and amlodipine (Norvasc). These medications suggest a history of: Select one: A. non-insulin-dependent diabetes. B. cardiovascular disease. C. bacterial infection. D. reactive airway disease.

The correct answer is: cardiovascular disease.

The amount of medication that is given is known as the _________. Select one: A. dose B. indication C. side effect D. contraindication

The correct answer is: dose

The medical term for an extremely low blood glucose level is: Select one: A. hypoglycemia. B. hypertension. C. hypotension. D. hyperglycemia.

The correct answer is: hypoglycemia.

Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are trade names for the generic medication: Select one: A. ibuprofen. B. nitrostat. C. aspirin. D. acetaminophen.

The correct answer is: ibuprofen.

A mucosal atomizer device (MAD) is used to deliver certain medications via the: Select one: A. inhalation route. B. sublingual route. C. transdermal route. D. intranasal route.

The correct answer is: intranasal route.

EMTs respond to a known heroin abuser who is unresponsive. If they give naloxone (Narcan) to this patient, the EMTs should recall that: Select one: A. naloxone administration could cause seizures in this patient. B. naloxone should be administered in increments of 2 mg. C. the effects of naloxone last longer than most opioid drugs. D. naloxone should not be given if the patient's breathing is slow.

The correct answer is: naloxone administration could cause seizures in this patient.

In ___________ administration, you are administering medication to yourself or your partner. Select one: A. peer-assisted B. paramedic-administered C. EMT-administered D. patient-assisted

The correct answer is: peer-assisted

Shortly after assisting a 65-year-old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, she begins complaining of dizziness and experiences a drop of 30 mm Hg in her systolic blood pressure. The patient remains conscious and her breathing is adequate. You should: Select one: A. wait 5 minutes and reassess her blood pressure. B. transport her in a sitting position. C. assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask. D. place her in a supine position.

The correct answer is: place her in a supine position.

Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it: Select one: A. reduces the associated chest pain. B. causes direct coronary vasodilation. C. dissolves the coronary artery clot. D. prevents the aggregation of platelets.

The correct answer is: prevents the aggregation of platelets.

A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should: Select one: A. administer another treatment in 30 seconds if she is still in distress. B. reassess the patient and document her response to the medication. C. check the drug's expiration date to ensure that it is still current. D. contact medical control and apprise him or her of what you did.

The correct answer is: reassess the patient and document her response to the medication.

Nitroglycerin, when given to patients with cardiac-related chest pain: Select one: A. increases blood return to the right atrium. B. increases myocardial contraction force. C. relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries. D. constricts the veins throughout the body.

The correct answer is: relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries.

After taking diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for an allergic reaction, a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of a(n): Select one: A. untoward effect. B. unpredictable effect. C. side effect. D. therapeutic effect.

The correct answer is: side effect.