Emt chapter 11-15

In which of the following situations would it be MOST appropriate to utilize an air medical transportation service?

61-year-old man with signs and symptoms of a stroke and your ground transport time is 50 minutes

In two-rescuer adult CPR, you should deliver a compression to ventilation ratio of:

30:2.

After ________ minutes without oxygen, permanent brain damage is possible.

4 to 6

At a flow rate of 6 L/min, a nasal cannula can deliver an approximate oxygen concentration of up to:

44%

An oxygen cylinder should be taken out of service and refilled when the pressure inside it is less than

500 psi

The __________ of a medication usually dictates the route by which it will be administered.

form

Complications associated with chest compressions include all of the following, EXCEPT:

gastric distention.

Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are trade (brand) names for the generic medication:

ibuprofen.

A mucosal atomizer device (MAD) is used to deliver certain medications via the:

intranasal route.

CPR retraining is the MOST effective when it:

involves hands-on practice.

Gastric distention will MOST likely occur:

if you ventilate a patient too quickly.

An adult at rest should have a respiratory rate that ranges between:

12 and 20 breaths/min.

In infants and children, a capillary refill time that is greater than ______ second(s) is a sign of poor peripheral perfusion.

2

A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has agonal gasps, and has copious bloody secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway?

Alternate oropharyngeal suctioning and ventilation with a bag-mask device.

An example of an anti-inflammatory is:

Aspirin.

For which of the following conditions is albuterol prescribed?

Asthma

Which of the following MOST accurately describes septic shock?

Bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation

A man was found unresponsive in his bed at home. There is no evidence of injury, and the patient's medical history is not known. The patient's face is cherry red, yet the pulse oximeter reads 98%. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this?

Carbon monoxide poisoning

irregular respirations characterized by an increasing rate and depth of breathing followed by periods of apnea are called

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

Which of the following structures is contained within the mediastinum?

Esophagus

Which of the following is considered an obvious sign of death and would not require the initiation of CPR?

Dependent blood pooling

Which of the following statements regarding hepatitis A is correct?

Hepatitis A can only be transmitted by a patient who has an acute infection.

Which of the following medication routes would be the MOST appropriate to use in an unresponsive patient when intravenous access cannot be obtained?

Intraosseous

Which of the following is the MOST rapidly acting medication administration route?

Intravenous (IV)

Which of the following questions would be the MOST pertinent to ask a patient who recently returned from Europe and is now ill?

Is anyone else in your travel party sick?

Which of the following assessment findings is MOST indicative of a cardiovascular problem?

Jugular venous distention

Which of the following statements regarding methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is correct?

MRSA is a bacterium that causes infections and is resistant to most antibiotics.

A drug is contraindicated for a patient when it:

May cause harm or have no positive effect

A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a:

Nonreabreathing mask

A team of EMTs and paramedics are attempting to resuscitate a man who is in cardiac arrest while his wife and son are present. Which of the following should occur during the resuscitation attempt?

One EMT should update the family on the interventions that have been performed and how the patient has responded.

Which of the following medication routes has the slowest rate of absorption?

Oral

Which of the following statements regarding oxygen is correct

Oxygen supports the combustion process and may cause a fire

CPR is in progress on a pregnant woman. Shortly after manually displacing her uterus to the left, return of spontaneous circulation occurs. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this?

Pressure was relieved from her aorta and vena cava, which improved chest compression effectiveness.

A 25-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car hit a tree while traveling at a high rate of speed. She has signs and symptoms of shock, which you suspect are the result of intrathoracic bleeding. Which of the following interventions will provide this patient with the greatest chance for survival?

Rapid transport to a trauma center

In addition to obtaining a SAMPLE history and asking questions related to the chief complaint, what else should you specifically inquire about when assessing a patient with a potentially infectious disease?

Recent travel

How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT?

Sublingually

Which of the following conditions is NOT categorized as a psychiatric condition?

Substance abuse

Which of the following is an example of a trade (brand) name of a drug?

Tylenol

Which of the following statements regarding ventricular fibrillation (VF) is correct?

VF results in an absence of forward blood flow.

A ventilation/perfusion (V/Q ratio) mismatch occurs when:

a disruption in blood flow inhibits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, even though the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen

When administering naloxone (Narcan) via the intranasal route, the EMT should administer:

a half dose into each nostril.

An infectious disease is MOST accurately defined as:

a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body.

CPR should be initiated when:

a valid living will is unavailable.

Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT:

absent peripheral pulses.

The process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream is called:

absorption

A sign of respiratory distress seen in the neck is:

accessory muscle use.

A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 9-1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is:

acute myocardial infarction.

Gas exchange in the lungs is facilitated by:

adequate amounts of surfactant.

Which of the following statements regarding the one-person bag-mask technique is correct

adequate tidal volume is often difficult to achieve when one emt is operating the bag-mask device

A 51-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is conscious and alert and able to speak in complete sentences. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. You should:

administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.

The MOST appropriate treatment for a patient with a mild upper airway obstruction includes:

administering oxygen and transporting immediately.

After taking diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for an allergic reaction, a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of a(n):

adverse effect.

The determination of whether a medical patient is a high-priority or low-priority transport is typically made:

after the primary assessment has been completed.

What occurs when a patient is breathing very rapidly and shallowly?

air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange

High-flow oxygen with a nasal cannula during the preoxygenation phase of endotracheal intubation is called

apneic oxygenation

A 20-year-old male has a large laceration to his wrist. He is holding a blood-soaked towel over the wound, but it continues to bleed rapidly. You should:

apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist.

You respond to a residence for a patient with a severe leg injury following an accident with a chainsaw. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 44-year-old male, lying supine in the backyard. He has a partial amputation of his right lower leg that is actively bleeding. The patient is conscious and breathing adequately; however, he is restless and his skin is diaphoretic. You should:

apply direct pressure to the wound.

A 49-year-old male with an extensive cardiac history presents with 2 hours of crushing chest pain and shortness of breath. He is pale and diaphoretic and tells you that he feels like he is going to die. His medications include nitroglycerin, sildenafil (Viagra), and enalapril (Vasotec). His blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to administering supplemental oxygen if needed, you should:

ask him if he took his Viagra within the past 24 hours.

A 58-year-old man complains of chest discomfort and nausea. He is conscious and alert; his blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, his pulse is 104 beats/min, and his respirations are 16 breaths/min. Your partner has applied supplemental oxygen. Prior to assisting the patient with one of his prescribed nitroglycerin tablets, you ask him if he takes medication to treat erectile dysfunction (ED), and he tells you that he does. You should:

ask him what he takes, how much, and when he last took it.

After establishing that an adult patient is unresponsive, you should:

assess for breathing and a pulse.

A 62-year-old male is seen with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering supplemental oxygen, if needed, and contacting medical control, you should:

assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg.

A construction worker fell approximately 30 feet. He is semiconscious with rapid, shallow respirations. Further assessment reveals deformity to the thoracic region of his spine. His blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg, his pulse is 66 beats/min and weak, and his skin is warm and dry. In addition to spinal immobilization and rapid transport, the MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

assisted ventilation, thermal management, and elevation of the lower extremities.

An EMT may administer aspirin to a patient if:

authorization from medical control has been obtained.

Initial treatment to dislodge a severe foreign body airway obstruction in a responsive infant involves:

back slaps.

You and your partner arrive at the side of a 60-year-old woman who collapsed about 7 minutes ago. She is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. You should:

begin CPR and apply the AED as soon as it is available.

A 60-year-old man is found to be unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. You should:

begin CPR until an AED is available.

A medication with antagonistic properties is one that:

blocks receptor sites and prevents other chemicals from attaching to them.

When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is important to remember that:

blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock.

Medications encased in a gelatin shell that are taken by mouth are called:

capsules

Several attempts to adequately open a trauma patient's airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver have been unsuccessful. You should:

carefully perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver.

Oxygen toxicity is a condition in which

cellular tissue damage occurs from excessive oxygen levels in the blood

When treating an 80-year-old patient who is in shock, it is important to remember that:

changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting.

Your assessment of an unresponsive patient reveals that her breathing is inadequate. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

check her airway for obstructions.

In addition to looking for severe bleeding, assessment of circulation in the conscious patient should involve:

checking the radial pulse and noting the color, temperature, and condition of the skin.

Capillary sphincters are:

circular muscular walls that regulate blood flow through the capillaries.

You should deliver chest compressions to an unresponsive adult patient in cardiac arrest by:

compressing the sternum between the nipples.

Patients with tuberculosis pose the greatest risk for transmitting the disease when they:

cough

After an advanced airway device has been inserted during two-rescuer CPR, you should:

deliver one rescue breath every 6 seconds.

You are dispatched to a residence for a 40-year-old female who fainted. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious and alert, and states that she is fine. Her husband tells you that she fainted after receiving news that her sister was killed in a car crash. You offer oxygen to the patient, but she refuses to accept it. At this point, your primary concern should be to:

determine if she was injured when she fainted.

Signs of a sudden severe upper airway obstruction include all of the following, EXCEPT:

forceful coughing.

A 37-year-old male has an apparent foreign body airway obstruction. He is conscious and alert and is coughing forcefully. His skin is pink, warm, and moist. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

encouraging him to cough and transporting.

Neurogenic shock occurs when:

failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation.

When performing a secondary assessment on a conscious patient with nontraumatic abdominal pain and stable vital signs, you should:

focus on his or her chief complaint.

A 27-year-old male was stabbed in the chest during a disagreement at a poker game. As you approach him, you see that a knife is impaled in his chest. Before you make physical contact with the patient, it is MOST important to:

follow standard precautions.

Hepatitis B is more virulent than hepatitis C, which means that it:

has a greater ability to produce disease.

The medical term for a low blood glucose level is:

hypoglycemia.

In an acute injury setting, neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by:

hypothermia.

Which of the following statements regarding oxygenation and ventilation is correct

in mines or confined places, where oxygen levels are low, ventilation may continue despite inadequate oxygenation

Cardiogenic shock may result from all of the following, EXCEPT:

increased preload.

All of the following will help minimize the risk of gastric distention when ventilating an apneic patient with a bag-mask device, EXCEPT:

increasing the amount of delivered tidal volume.

Three months after returning home from West Africa, a 50-year-old man begins experiencing a fever, cough, and muscle aches. The EMT should suspect:

influenza.

In contrast to the assessment of a trauma patient, assessment of a medical patient:

is focused on the nature of illness, the patient's chief complaint, and his or her symptoms.

In contrast to viral hepatitis, toxin-induced hepatitis:

is not a communicable disease.

A patient should be placed in the recovery position when he or she:

is unresponsive, uninjured, and breathing adequately.

All of the following conditions should make you suspect shock, EXCEPT:

ischemic stroke.

Hypotension in a child with blunt or penetrating trauma is particularly significant because:

it often indicates the loss of half of his or her blood volume.

Early signs and symptoms of viral hepatitis include all of the following, EXCEPT:

jaundice and abdominal pain.

When caring for a patient with an altered mental status and signs of circulatory compromise, you should:

limit your time at the scene to 10 minutes or less, if possible.

The impedance threshold device (ITD) may improve circulation during active compression-decompression CPR by:

limiting the amount of air that enters the lungs during the recoil phase between chest compressions, which results in negative intrathoracic pressure and improved cardiac filling.

You are dispatched to a residence where a middle-aged man was found unconscious in his front yard. There are no witnesses who can tell you what happened. You find him in a prone position; his eyes are closed and he is not moving. Your FIRST action should be to:

log roll him as a unit to a supine position.

The hypoxic drive is influenced by:

low blood oxygen levels

A patient who presents with a headache, fever, confusion, and red blotches on his or her skin should be suspected of having:

meningitis.

As the single EMT managing an apneic patient's airway, the preferred initial method of providing ventilations is the:

mouth-to-mask technique with a one-way valve.

EMTs respond to a known heroin abuser who is unresponsive. If they give naloxone (Narcan) to this patient, the EMTs should recall that:

naloxone administration could cause seizures in this patient.

It is especially important to assess pulse, sensation, and movement in all extremities as well as pupillary reactions in patients with a suspected ___________ problem.

neurologic

Basic life support (BLS) is defined as:

noninvasive emergency care that is used to treat conditions such as airway obstruction, respiratory arrest, and cardiac arrest.

Assessment of a patient's blood pressure with an automatic BP cuff reveals that it is 204/120 mm Hg. The patient is conscious and alert and denies any symptoms. The EMT should:

obtain a manual blood pressure.

The proper depth of chest compressions on a 9-month-old infant is:

one third the diameter of the chest, or about 1½ inches.

EMTs arrive at the scene of a patient who was "found down." A family member states that she gave naloxone (Narcan) to the patient before the ambulance arrived. The EMTs should suspect that the patient:

overdosed on an opioid drug.

The greatest danger in displaying a personal bias or "labeling" a patient who frequently calls EMS is:

overlooking a potentially serious medical condition.

Which of the following statements regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct

oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries

In ___________ administration, you are administering medication to yourself or your partner.

peer-assisted

Your initial attempt to ventilate an unresponsive, apneic 30-year-old man is met with resistance and you do not see the chest rise. Your second ventilation attempt is also unsuccessful. You should:

perform 30 chest compressions.

A 71-year-old male is semiconscious following a sudden, severe headache. There is vomitus on his face, and his respirations are slow and shallow. The EMT must immediately

perform oropharyngeal suctioning

The diaphragm is innervated by the _________ nerve, which allows it to contract.

phrenic

Shortly after assisting a 65-year-old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, she begins complaining of dizziness and experiences a drop of 30 mm Hg in her systolic blood pressure. The patient remains conscious and her breathing is adequate. You should:

place her in a supine position.

Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of:

plasma

Patients develop septic shock secondary to:

poor vessel function and severe volume loss.

A 59-year-old male presents with severe vomiting and diarrhea of 3 days' duration. He is confused and diaphoretic, and his radial pulses are absent. His blood pressure is 78/50 mm Hg. After applying supplemental oxygen, you should:

prepare for immediate transport.

Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it:

prevents the aggregation of platelets.

CPR will NOT be effective if the patient is:

prone

Temporary, widespread vasodilation and syncope caused by a sudden nervous system reaction MOST accurately describes:

psychogenic shock.

You are transporting a 33-year-old male who was involved in a major motor vehicle crash. You have addressed all immediate and potentially life-threatening conditions and have stabilized his condition with the appropriate treatment. With an estimated time of arrival at the hospital of 20 minutes, you should:

reassess his condition in 5 minutes.

A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should:

reassess the patient and document her response to the medication.

A 74-year-old woman complains of heaviness in her chest, nausea, and sweating that suddenly began about an hour ago. She is conscious and alert, but anxious. Her blood pressure is 144/84 mm Hg and her heart rate is 110 beats/min. She took two of her prescribed nitroglycerin (0.4-mg tablets) before your arrival but still feels heaviness in her chest. You should:

recall that geriatric patients often take multiple medications and that interactions can occur with potentially negative effects.

Nitroglycerin, when given to patients with cardiac-related chest pain:

relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries.

A 19-year-old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert an oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should:

remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx.

A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer high-flow oxygen and give him epinephrine via intramuscular injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should:

repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control.

Reassessment of a patient with a medical complaint should begin by:

repeating the primary assessment.

If gastric distention begins to make positive-pressure ventilation difficult, you should:

reposition the patient's airway

An unconscious patient found in a prone position must be placed in a supine position in case he or she:

requires CPR.

In most cases, cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is caused by:

respiratory arrest.

A 70-year-old female was recently discharged from the hospital following a total hip replacement. Today, she presents with restlessness, tachycardia, and a blood pressure of 90/64 mm Hg. Her skin is hot and moist. You should be MOST suspicious that she is experiencing:

septic shock.

While eating dinner, your partner suddenly grabs his throat and has a panicked look on his face. He is unable to cough and becomes cyanotic around the lips. You should:

stand behind him and administer abdominal thrusts.

Separation is especially an issue with medicine used as a(n):

suspension.

When caring for a patient who takes numerous medications, it is best to:

take all of the patient's medications with you to the hospital and document them on your patient care report.

After sizing up the scene of a patient with a possible infectious disease, your next priority should be to:

take standard precautions.

When forming your general impression of a patient with a medical complaint, it is important to remember that:

the conditions of many medical patients may not appear serious at first.

The main benefit of using a mechanical piston device for chest compressions is:

the elimination of rescuer fatigue that results from manual compressions.

Structures of the lower airway include all of the following, EXCEPT

the epiglottis

The term "pharmacology" is MOST accurately defined as:

the study of drugs and their actions on the body.

Abdominal thrusts in a conscious child or adult with a severe upper airway obstruction are performed:

until he or she loses consciousness.

When ventilating an apneic adult with a bag-mask device, you should deliver each breath:

while watching for adequate chest rise.

Distributive shock occurs when:

widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds.

A nasopharyngeal airway is inserted:

with the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare.

Ten days after treating a 34-year-old patient with tuberculosis, you are given a tuberculin skin test, which yields a positive result. This MOST likely indicates that:

you were exposed to another infected person prior to treating the 34-year-old patient.

An index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as:

your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying and unseen injuries or illness.