EMT Chapter 14 - Medical Overview
An infectious disease is MOST accurately defined as: - the invasion of the human body by a bacterium that cannot be destroyed by antibiotics or other drugs. - a disease that can be spread from one person or species to another through a number of mechanisms. - any disease that enters the body via the bloodstream and renders the immune system nonfunctional. - a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body.
An infectious disease is MOST accurately defined as: - the invasion of the human body by a bacterium that cannot be destroyed by antibiotics or other drugs. - a disease that can be spread from one person or species to another through a number of mechanisms. - any disease that enters the body via the bloodstream and renders the immune system nonfunctional. *- a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body.*
Assessment of the medical patient is usually focused on the _________. - medical history - field diagnosis - associated symptoms - nature of illness
Assessment of the medical patient is usually focused on the _________. - medical history - field diagnosis - associated symptoms *- nature of illness*
At what point should you make a preliminary transport decision? - During scene size-up - Once the preliminary assessment is complete - After secondary assessment - During reassessment
At what point should you make a preliminary transport decision? - During scene size-up *- Once the preliminary assessment is complete* - After secondary assessment - During reassessment
What is index of suspicion?
Awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying and unseen injuries or illnesses
HIV is caused by what type of organism? - Bacteria - Fungus - Protozoa - Virus
HIV is caused by what type of organism? - Bacteria - Fungus - Protozoa *- Virus*
Hepatitis B is more virulent than hepatitis C, which means that it: - leads to chronic infection after exposure. - has a greater ability to produce disease. - is less resistant to treatment. - is a more contagious type of disease.
Hepatitis B is more virulent than hepatitis C, which means that it: - leads to chronic infection after exposure. *- has a greater ability to produce disease.* - is less resistant to treatment. - is a more contagious type of disease.
In 2009, the H1N1 virus accounted for over 200,000 deaths worldwide in the form of the swine flu. In 1919, a similar outbreak of the H1N1 occurred in the form of the Spanish flu. Starting in Kansas City, the virus spread rapidly worldwide, claiming up to 50 million lives. These are both examples of: - epidemics. - uncontrolled outbreaks. - parasitic infection. - pandemics.
In 2009, the H1N1 virus accounted for over 200,000 deaths worldwide in the form of the swine flu. In 1919, a similar outbreak of the H1N1 occurred in the form of the Spanish flu. Starting in Kansas City, the virus spread rapidly worldwide, claiming up to 50 million lives. These are both examples of: - epidemics. - uncontrolled outbreaks. - parasitic infection. *- pandemics.*
In which of the following situations would it be MOST appropriate to utilize an air medical transportation service? - 50-year-old conscious woman with severe nausea and vomiting, fever, and chills of 3 days' duration - 61-year-old man with signs and symptoms of a stroke and a ground transport time of 50 minutes - 43-year-old man experiencing a heart attack, and the closest appropriate hospital is 15 minutes away - 29-year-old woman who is 18 weeks pregnant, has light vaginal bleeding, and stable vital signs
In which of the following situations would it be MOST appropriate to utilize an air medical transportation service? - 50-year-old conscious woman with severe nausea and vomiting, fever, and chills of 3 days' duration *- 61-year-old man with signs and symptoms of a stroke and a ground transport time of 50 minutes* - 43-year-old man experiencing a heart attack, and the closest appropriate hospital is 15 minutes away - 29-year-old woman who is 18 weeks pregnant, has light vaginal bleeding, and stable vital signs
It is especially important to assess pulse, sensation, and movement in all extremities as well as pupillary reactions in patients with a suspected ___________ problem. - respiratory - endocrine - neurologic - cardiac
It is especially important to assess pulse, sensation, and movement in all extremities as well as pupillary reactions in patients with a suspected ___________ problem. - respiratory - endocrine *- neurologic* - cardiac
Jaundice is a sign of which disease? - Hepatitis - Herpes simplex - HIV - Meningitis
Jaundice is a sign of which disease? *- Hepatitis* - Herpes simplex - HIV - Meningitis
Medical patient assessment focuses on which of the following? - MOI - Chief complaint - NOI - Physical injuries
Medical patient assessment focuses on which of the following? - MOI *- Chief complaint* *- NOI* - Physical injuries
Most patients with an infectious disease will have _________. - abdominal pain - a low blood glucose level - seizures - a fever
Most patients with an infectious disease will have _________. - abdominal pain - a low blood glucose level - seizures *- a fever*
Most treatments provided in the prehospital setting are intended to _________. - correct the patient's underlying problem - confirm the patient's diagnosis - address the patient's symptoms - reduce the need for transport to the hospital
Most treatments provided in the prehospital setting are intended to _________. - correct the patient's underlying problem - confirm the patient's diagnosis *- address the patient's symptoms* - reduce the need for transport to the hospital
A(n) ________ can be spread from one person or species to another. - Infectious disease - Communicable disease - Contamination - Virulence
A(n) ________ can be spread from one person or species to another. - Infectious disease *- Communicable disease* - Contamination - Virulence
After sizing up the scene of a patient with a possible infectious disease, your next priority should be to: - notify law enforcement. - contact medical control. - quickly access the patient. - take standard precautions.
After sizing up the scene of a patient with a possible infectious disease, your next priority should be to: - notify law enforcement. - contact medical control. - quickly access the patient. *- take standard precautions.*
An anaphylactic reaction constitutes what type of medical emergency? - Cardiovascular - Hematologic - Immunologic - Toxicologic
An anaphylactic reaction constitutes what type of medical emergency? - Cardiovascular - Hematologic *- Immunologic* - Toxicologic
Ten days after treating a 34-year-old patient with tuberculosis, you are given a tuberculin skin test, which yields a positive result. This MOST likely indicates that: - the disease is dormant in your body, but will probably never cause symptoms. - you contracted the disease by casual contact instead of exposure to secretions. - you were exposed to another infected person prior to treating the 34-year-old patient. - you are actively infected with tuberculosis and should be treated immediately.
Ten days after treating a 34-year-old patient with tuberculosis, you are given a tuberculin skin test, which yields a positive result. This MOST likely indicates that: - the disease is dormant in your body, but will probably never cause symptoms. - you contracted the disease by casual contact instead of exposure to secretions. *- you were exposed to another infected person prior to treating the 34-year-old patient.* - you are actively infected with tuberculosis and should be treated immediately.
The BEST way to prevent infection from whooping cough is to: - routinely place a surgical mask on all respiratory patients. - get vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. - wear a HEPA mask when treating any respiratory patient. - ask all patients if they have recently traveled abroad.
The BEST way to prevent infection from whooping cough is to: - routinely place a surgical mask on all respiratory patients. *- get vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.* - wear a HEPA mask when treating any respiratory patient. - ask all patients if they have recently traveled abroad.
The determination of whether a medical patient is a high-priority or low-priority transport is typically made: - as soon as the patient voices his or her chief complaint. - upon completion of a detailed secondary assessment. - after the primary assessment has been completed. - once the patient's baseline vital signs are known.
The determination of whether a medical patient is a high-priority or low-priority transport is typically made: - as soon as the patient voices his or her chief complaint. - upon completion of a detailed secondary assessment. *- after the primary assessment has been completed.* - once the patient's baseline vital signs are known.
What is an index of suspicion? - An awareness that unseen life-threatening injuries or illness may exist - An outcome of scene size-up that indicates whether law enforcement should be called - The ability to determine how contagious an infectious disease is - A level of understanding whereby you can determine multiple NOIs
What is an index of suspicion? *- An awareness that unseen life-threatening injuries or illness may exist* - An outcome of scene size-up that indicates whether law enforcement should be called - The ability to determine how contagious an infectious disease is - A level of understanding whereby you can determine multiple NOIs
What mnemonic is used to determine a patient's chief complaint? - AVPU - SAMPLE - OPQRST - TACOS
What mnemonic is used to determine a patient's chief complaint? - AVPU - SAMPLE *- OPQRST* - TACOS
When assessing a patient with a medical complaint, which of the following would MOST likely reveal the cause of the problem? - Primary assessment - Index of suspicion - Baseline vital signs - Medical history
When assessing a patient with a medical complaint, which of the following would MOST likely reveal the cause of the problem? - Primary assessment - Index of suspicion - Baseline vital signs *- Medical history*
When caring for a patient with an altered mental status and signs of circulatory compromise, you should: - limit your time at the scene to 10 minutes or less, if possible. - perform a detailed secondary assessment prior to transporting the patient. - have a paramedic unit respond to the scene if it is less than 15 minutes away. - transport immediately and begin all emergency treatment en route to the hospital.
When caring for a patient with an altered mental status and signs of circulatory compromise, you should: *- limit your time at the scene to 10 minutes or less, if possible.* - perform a detailed secondary assessment prior to transporting the patient. - have a paramedic unit respond to the scene if it is less than 15 minutes away. - transport immediately and begin all emergency treatment en route to the hospital.
When forming your general impression of a patient with a medical complaint, it is important to remember that: - the conditions of many medical patients may not appear serious at first. - the majority of medical patients you encounter are also injured. - most serious medical conditions do not present with obvious symptoms. - it is during the general impression that assessment of the ABCs occurs.
When forming your general impression of a patient with a medical complaint, it is important to remember that: *- the conditions of many medical patients may not appear serious at first.* - the majority of medical patients you encounter are also injured. - most serious medical conditions do not present with obvious symptoms. - it is during the general impression that assessment of the ABCs occurs.
Which of the following best describes a communicable disease? - The growth and spread of small harmful organisms within the body - A disease that can be spread from one person or species to another - A disease that is transmitted through contaminated drinking water - Presence of infectious organisms on or in objects
Which of the following best describes a communicable disease? - The growth and spread of small harmful organisms within the body *- A disease that can be spread from one person or species to another* - A disease that is transmitted through contaminated drinking water - Presence of infectious organisms on or in objects
Which of the following conditions is NOT categorized as a psychiatric condition? - Schizophrenia - Depression - Alzheimer disease - Substance abuse
Which of the following conditions is NOT categorized as a psychiatric condition? - Schizophrenia - Depression - Alzheimer disease *- Substance abuse*
Which of the following diseases is the most virulent? - HIV - Hepatitis B - Herpes simplex - Tuberculosis
Which of the following diseases is the most virulent? - HIV *- Hepatitis B* - Herpes simplex - Tuberculosis
Which of the following is bacterium resistant to most antibiotics and causes skin abscesses? - Avian flu - H1N1 - MRSA - Whooping cough
Which of the following is bacterium resistant to most antibiotics and causes skin abscesses? - Avian flu - H1N1 *- MRSA* - Whooping cough
Which of the following patients is at greatest risk for complications caused by the influenza virus? - 68-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes - 50-year-old woman moderate obesity - 39-year-old man with mild hypertension - 12-year-old child with a fractured arm
Which of the following patients is at greatest risk for complications caused by the influenza virus? *- 68-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes* - 50-year-old woman moderate obesity - 39-year-old man with mild hypertension - 12-year-old child with a fractured arm
Why is tuberculosis not more common than it is? - The BCG vaccine is 95% effective. - Droplet nuclei that spread the infection have a very short lifespan. - Infected air is easily diluted with uninfected air, so transmission is inefficient. - Human beings have natural immunity.
Why is tuberculosis not more common than it is? - The BCG vaccine is 95% effective. - Droplet nuclei that spread the infection have a very short lifespan. *- Infected air is easily diluted with uninfected air, so transmission is inefficient.* - Human beings have natural immunity.
You and your EMT partner arrive at the residence of a 50-year-old man who complains of weakness. Your primary assessment reveals that he is critically ill and will require aggressive treatment. The closest hospital is 25 miles away. You should: - perform a detailed secondary assessment, assess his vital signs, and then transport rapidly. - manage all threats to airway, breathing, and circulation and consider requesting an ALS unit. - administer oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and obtain as much of his medical history as possible. - load him into the ambulance, begin transport, and perform all treatment en route to the hospital.
You and your EMT partner arrive at the residence of a 50-year-old man who complains of weakness. Your primary assessment reveals that he is critically ill and will require aggressive treatment. The closest hospital is 25 miles away. You should: - perform a detailed secondary assessment, assess his vital signs, and then transport rapidly. *- manage all threats to airway, breathing, and circulation and consider requesting an ALS unit.* - administer oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and obtain as much of his medical history as possible. - load him into the ambulance, begin transport, and perform all treatment en route to the hospital.
You are attending to a 27-year-old male driver of a car. According to his passenger, the patient had been acting strangely while driving, then slumped forward against the steering wheel, apparently unconscious. The car drove off the road and struck a telephone pole. The patient remains unconscious, and physical assessment reveals only a large hematoma on his right forehead with no other physical signs. Your patient is a diabetic who had been under a lot of stress lately and may have missed meals. This is an example of a: - combination of a psychiatric and trauma emergency. - combination of a medical and trauma emergency. - trauma emergency. - medical emergency.
You are attending to a 27-year-old male driver of a car. According to his passenger, the patient had been acting strangely while driving, then slumped forward against the steering wheel, apparently unconscious. The car drove off the road and struck a telephone pole. The patient remains unconscious, and physical assessment reveals only a large hematoma on his right forehead with no other physical signs. Your patient is a diabetic who had been under a lot of stress lately and may have missed meals. This is an example of a: - combination of a psychiatric and trauma emergency. *- combination of a medical and trauma emergency.* - trauma emergency. - medical emergency.
You are dispatched to a home where you find a 45-year-old woman in apparent respiratory distress. She is using accessory muscles to help breathe and can only respond with short answers. What is the first step in your assessment process? - Manage the airway - Obtain vital signs - Determine scene safety - Perform a secondary assesssment
You are dispatched to a home where you find a 45-year-old woman in apparent respiratory distress. She is using accessory muscles to help breathe and can only respond with short answers. What is the first step in your assessment process? - Manage the airway - Obtain vital signs *- Determine scene safety* - Perform a secondary assesssment *The most important aspect of this step is to make sure the scene is safe. Although hazards are not as obvious with medical emergencies as with trauma situations, they still exist and must be considered.*