EMT Chapter 24 Trauma Overview

The phenomenon of pressure waves emanating from the bullet, causing damage remote from its path, is known as: a. cavitation b. congruent c. capitation d. conversion

A. cavitation

Significant clues to the possibility of severe injuries in motor vehicle collisions include: A. death of a passenger. B. a blown-out tire. C. broken glass. D. a deployed airbag.

A. death of a passenger.

When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that: A. osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position. B. any fall in the elderly is considered to be high-energy trauma. C. elderly patients who fall usually have a secondary head injury. D. bilateral hip fractures usually occur when an elderly person falls.

A. osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position.

When a motor vehicle strikes a tree while traveling at 40 mph, the unrestrained occupant: a. remains in motion until acted upon by external force b. most likely thrown c. decelerate at same rate as the vehicle d. is thrust under steering column onto the floorboard

A. remains in motion until acted upon by an external force.

A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to: A. stabilize her entire spine. B. obtain baseline vital signs. C. inspect the helmet for cracks. D. leave her bicycle helmet on.

A. stabilize her entire spine.

If one or more occupants in the same vehicle are killed in a crash, the EMT should: A. suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma. B. transport the survivors only if they have injuries or complain of pain. C. allow the survivors to refuse transport if they have no obvious injuries. D. rapidly assess only the survivors who have experienced obvious trauma.

A. suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma.

According to the Association of Air Medical Services, you should consider air medical transport of a trauma patient if: A. traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome. B. ground transport will take your ambulance out of service for an extended period of time, regardless of the severity of the patient's injuries. C. the patient requires advanced life support care and stabilization, and the nearest ALS-ground ambulance is more than 5 to 10 minutes away. D. he or she was involved in a motor vehicle crash in which another occupant in the same vehicle was killed, even if your patient's injuries are minor.

A. traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome.

Force acting over a distance is the definition of: A. work. B. latent energy. C. kinetic energy. D. potential energy.

A. work.

Your patient has a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13, a systolic blood pressure of 80 mm Hg, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min. His Revised Trauma Score (RTS) is: A. 8. B. 9. C. 10. D. 11.

B. 9.

Which of the following destinations is most appropriate for a 41-year-old male patient who was involved in a rollover motor vehicle collision and is unconscious and unresponsive, assuming that travel times to each is equal? A. Only a Level I trauma center B. A Level I or Level II trauma center C. A Level IV or Level III trauma center D. Any designated trauma center is acceptable.

B. A Level I or Level II trauma center

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash? A. Flail chest B. Aortic rupture C. Extremity fractures D. Forehead lacerations

B. Aortic rupture

Which of the following would MOST likely occur as the direct result of the second collision in a motor vehicle crash? a. intrathoracic hemorrhage b. deformed steering wheel c. caved in passenger door d. collapsed dashboard

B. Deformed steering wheel

A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain? A. Lateral impact to the spine B. Energy transmission to the spine C. Direct trauma to the spinal column D. Secondary fall after the initial impact

B. Energy transmission to the spine

Which of the following is considered a type of motor vehicle collision? A. Ejection B. Rollover C. Crush D. Penetration

B. Rollover

Awareness of and concern for potentially serious obvious and underlying injuries is referred to as the: A. mechanism of injury. B. index of suspicion. C. scene size-up. D. general impression.

B. index of suspicion.

A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she: a. remains within vehicle b. is ejected/partially ejected c. experiences multiple impact d. is only wearing a lap belt

B. is ejected or partially ejected.

Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during: A. frontal collisions. B. lateral collisions. C. rollover collisions. D. rear-end collisions.

B. lateral collisions.

While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced: A. open abdominal trauma. B. neck and facial injuries. C. blunt trauma to the head. D. lower extremity fractures.

B. neck and facial injuries.

A fall from more than _____ times the patient's height is considered to be significant. A. two B. three C. four D. five

B. three

Following a blunt injury to the head, a 22-year-old female is confused and complains of a severe headache and nausea. On the basis of these signs and symptoms, you should be MOST concerned with the possibility of: A. spinal cord injury. B. airway compromise. C. intracranial bleeding. D. a fracture of the skull.

C. intracranial bleeding.

When the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy: A. doubles. B. triples. C. quadruples. D. is not affected.

C. quadruples.

The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as: A. the way in which traumatic injuries occur. B. a predictable pattern that leads to serious injuries. C. your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries. D. the detection of less obvious life-threatening injuries.

C. your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries.

Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma? A. Dismounted seats B. Steering wheel deformity C. Intrusion into the vehicle D. Deployment of the air bag

D. Deployment of the air bag

By what mechanism is a person injured when he or she falls from a significant height? a. kinetic energy converted to poten. energy; poten. energy is then converted into work of bring body to a stop b. as person falls, amt of kinetic energy is converted to work, work then converted to kinetic energy upon impact c. potential energy is created as the person is falling d. potential energy is converted to kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted to the work of bringing the body to a stop

D. Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop.

Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient with multisystem trauma? A. Intravenous fluid administration B. Early administration of oxygen C. Elevation of the lower extremities D. Rapid transport to a trauma center

D. Rapid transport to a trauma center

Which types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts? A. Lateral and rollover B. Frontal and rotational C. Rear-end and rotational D. Rotational and rollover

D. Rotational and rollover

A young boy was riding his bicycle down the street when he hit a parked car. What was the second collision? A. The bike hitting the car B. The bike rider hitting his bike or the car C. The bike rider's internal organs striking the solid structures of the body D. The bike rider striking the pavement

D. The bike rider hitting his bike or the car

Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct? A. High-velocity bullets will cause less severe internal injuries. B. The size of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced. C. Low-velocity bullets will cause the greatest amount of trauma. D. The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced.

D. The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced.

A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then: A. apply a cervical collar. B. obtain baseline vital signs. C. auscultate bowel sounds. D. assess for an exit wound.

D. assess for an exit wound.

Air bags are designed to: a. prevent 2nd collision inside the car b. prevent driver from sustaining head trauma c. be used with/without a shoulder harness d. decrease the severity of deceleration injuries

D. decrease the severity of deceleration injuries.

According to the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT), an adult trauma patient should be transported to the highest level of trauma center if he or she: A. was involved in a motor vehicle crash in which another patient in the same vehicle was killed. B. has a systolic blood pressure of less than 110 mm Hg or a heart rate greater than 110 beats/min. C. has a bleeding disorder or takes anticoagulant medications and has any blunt or penetrating injury. D. has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a mechanism attributed to trauma.

D. has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a mechanism attributed to trauma.

The cervical spine is MOST protected from whiplash-type injuries when the: a. airbag correctly deploys upon impact b. pt. tenses up a the time of impact c. rear end of the vehicle is intially struck d. headrest is appropriately positioned.

D. headrest is appropriately positioned.

When assessing a patient who experienced a blast injury, it is important to remember that: A. secondary blast injuries are usually the least obvious. B. primary blast injuries are typically the most obvious. C. solid organs usually rupture from the pressure wave. D. primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked.

D. primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked.

A patient complaining of chest tightness, coughing up blood, and subcutaneous emphysema following an explosion may be suffering from a: A. myocardial blast injury. B. ruptured tympanic membrane. C. ruptured peritoneal cavity. D. pulmonary blast injury.

D. pulmonary blast injury.

When caring for an occupant inside a motor vehicle equipped with an air bag that did not deploy upon impact, you should: a. realize that the a.b. malfunctioned at the time of impact b. suspect that the pt. may have experienced serious injuries c. recognize that the force of impact was most likely not severe d. remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you

D. remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you.