EMT Chapter 26-35 Test brady 13e

Your unresponsive adult patient has a head injury and inadequate breathing. Your​ bag-valve-mask ventilations should be delivered at a rate​ of: A. ​20-24 breaths per minute. B. ​24-30 breaths per minute. C. ​16-20 breaths per minute. D. ​10-12 breaths per minute.

10-12 breaths per minute.

When actively rewarming a frostbitten extremity in warm​ water, you should change the water when the temperature falls below​ ________ degrees°F. A. 100 to 105 B. 80 to 90 C. 85 to 95 D. 115 to 120

100 to 105

In​ general, a child is considered an adolescent when he reaches the age of​ ________ years. A. 7 B. 4 C. 9 D. 12

12

The anterior fontanelle should be closed between the ages of​ ________ and​ ________. A. 24​ months; 36 months B. 12​ months; 18 months C. 3​ months; 6 months D. 6​ months; 10 months

12​ months; 18 months

What is the Glasgow Coma Score​ (GCS) measurement of altered mental​ status, which according to CDC guidelines necessitates transport to a trauma​ center? A. 12 B. 13 C. 8 D. 14

13

What is the Glasgow Coma Scale​ (GCS) of your adult male patient who has fallen off a​ horse, has his eyes​ open, can follow your commands to squeeze his​ hands, but is confused about what happened and his​ whereabouts? A. 13 B. 15 C. 14 D. 12

14

Of the following​ patients, which injury is the highest priority to receive​ bag-valve-mask ventilations? A. ​25-year-old male who regained consciousness one or two minutes after being struck on the head by a baseball bat and is now asking repetitive questions B. ​70-year-old male who struck his head when he fell in the parking​ lot, has a large laceration on his​ forehead, and is disoriented C. ​15-year-old female who was ejected from a​ vehicle, struck her head on a​ tree, and displays decerebrate movements in response to painful stimuli D. ​25-year-old female victim of battery who is awake but complains of a headache and has bloody fluid draining from her nose and left ear

15-year-old female who was ejected from a​ vehicle, struck her head on a​ tree, and displays decerebrate movements in response to painful stimuli

According to the rule of nines for infants and young​ children, the​ patient's head and neck account for what percentage of the total body surface​ area? A. ​9% B. ​18% C. ​13.5% D. ​14%

18%

Your patient is a​ 40-year-old man who was burned when he spilled gasoline on his pants as he was standing near the pilot light of his hot water heater. He has partial thickness burns from his feet to just above his​ knees, and circumferentially around both legs. Using the rule of​ nines, which of the following most accurately represents the extent of body surface area​ burned? A. ​4.5% B. ​9% C. ​18% D. ​36%

18%

The elderly population is at least​ ________ times as likely to use the EMS system as patients in other age groups. A. 0.5 B. 2 C. 5 D. 10

2

Where should a constricting band be placed to reduce lymphatic flow after a venomous snake​ bite? A. 2 inches above the bite B. 2 inches below the bite C. 2 inches above and 2 inches below the bite D. None of the above

2 inches above and 2 inches below the bite

A respiratory rate of less than​ ________ in infants is a significant finding and indicates a critical​ patient, who should be immediately transported to a trauma center if secondary to trauma. A. 18 B. 20 C. 25 D. 30

20

What is the height from which an adult fall would meet trauma triage criteria set forth by the​ CDC? A. 20 feet B. 15 feet C. 25 feet D. 10 feet

20 feet

Of the older patients seen in the emergency department due to a​ fall, ________% will die within 1 year. A. 25 B. 35 C. 10 D. 50

25

When the body is in​ water, how many times faster does it lose heat than when it is in still​ air? A. 25 B. 2 C. 10 D. 100

25

The chest cavity can hold up to​ ________ liter(s) of blood in an​ adult, leading to the possibility of massive internal hemorrhage without any external blood loss. A. 1 B. 3 C. 5 D. 0.5

3

A body mass index​ (BMI) above​ ________ is considered obese. A. 35 B. 30 C. 25 D. 40

30

Obesity is defined as a body mass index greater​ than: A. 35. B. 30. C. 25. D. 40.

30

Jarl is a male who is 5 foot 7 inches tall and weighs 250 pounds. What is​ Jarl's body mass index​ (rounded to the nearest​ tenth)? A. 35.2 B. 38.4 C. 36.5 D. 39.1

39.1

A​ 3-year-old child who burns both legs and arms has burned approximately​ ________% of his entire body surface area. A. 72 B. 45 C. 36 D. 54

45

An​ infant's birth weight is considered low if it is less than​ ________ pounds. A. 4.5 B. 5.5 C. 2.5 D. 3.5

5.5

Normal maternal blood loss during delivery of an infant usually does not exceed how​ much? A. 100 cc B. 250 cc C. ​1,000 cc D. 500 cc

500 cc

You are assessing a newborn patient 1 minute after delivery. You notice the patient has blue extremities with a pink​ trunk, a pulse of​ 120, and strong crying with good movement of all extremities. What is the​ newborn's APGAR​ score? A. 10 B. 8 C. 7 D. 9

9

A diastolic blood pressure over​ ________ mmHg is considered hypertensive. A. 50 B. 90 C. 80 D. 65

90

According to CDC​ guidelines, a systolic blood pressure​ (BP) of less than​ ________ indicates a patient should be transported to a trauma center. A. 100 B. 110 C. 90 D. 80

90

Which of the following statements is NOT​ true? A. A greenstick break is an incomplete break in a bone. B. A fracture is any break in a bone. C. A comminuted break is when a bone is broken in only one place. D. An angulated break is when the broken bone is bent at an angle.

A comminuted break is when a bone is broken in only one place.

Which of the following BEST describes the compartment​ syndrome? A. A​ life-threatening condition caused by trapping the blood flow by a fracture when the bone ends cut the blood vessels B. A​ non-life-threatening condition caused by orthopedic injuries in which blood flow is stopped when the bone ends compress the blood vessels C. A serious condition caused by the amount of equipment that must be carried in the ambulance compartments D. A serious condition caused by the bleeding and swelling from a fracture or crush injury that becomes so strong that the body can no longer perfuse the tissues against that pressure

A serious condition caused by the bleeding and swelling from a fracture or crush injury that becomes so strong that the body can no longer perfuse the tissues against that pressure

Which of the following is a possible indication of abuse or​ neglect? A. Concern for the​ patient's condition B. Two or more calls to EMS within a year C. Any injuries to the extremities D. A story that is inconsistent with the injuries

A story that is inconsistent with the injuries

What is the definition of multiple​ trauma? A. A trauma that requires the response of multiple agencies. B. Multiple injuries that affect more than one body system. C. A trauma in which the patient has more than one serious injury. D. A trauma in which there are multiple casualties.

A trauma in which the patient has more than one serious injury.

Which of the following is NOT a component of the pediatric assessment​ triangle? A. Circulation B. Appearance C. Abdomen D. Breathing

Abdomen

Your patient is an​ 80-year-old male complaining of lower back pain that radiates through to the abdomen. He describes the pain as​ "ripping" in nature. He is​ pale, diaphoretic, and​ anxious, and has a blood pressure of​ 210/100 mmHg, a pulse of 112 beats per​ minute, and a respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute. Which of the following conditions is MOST​ likely? A. Abdominal aortic aneurysm B. Diverticulitis C. Bowel obstruction D. Gallbladder disease

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Which of the following BEST describes the origins of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease​ (COPD)? A. Congenital disease B. Either a congenital or acquired disease C. Neither a congenital nor acquired disease D. Acquired disease

Acquired disease

You arrive on the scene to find a scuba diver on board a boat slumped over in the​ captain's chair with frothy blood in his mouth. The captain states that the diver was down no more than 15 feet when he ascended rapidly and called for help. Which of the following is most​ likely? A. ​Caisson's disease B. Decompression sickness C. Air embolism D. The bends

Air embolism

While assessing a patient with a laceration to the​ neck, the EMT must be aware that which of the following conditions may​ develop? A. Deep vein thrombosis B. Air embolus C. Air thrombosis D. Deep vein embolus

Air embolus

While assessing a patient with partial thickness burns to his chest and​ neck, what should be your highest priority​ (even if there are no symptoms​ presently)? A. Bleeding B. Hypothermia C. Airway D. Blood pressure

Airway

At which of the following locations is an EMT likely to encounter a patient using an advanced medical​ device? A. Nursing home B. Private residence C. Specialty care center D. All of the above

All of the above

A​ 44-year-old male involved in a collision at 50 mph struck the windshield of his vehicle with his face. Which of the following injuries should you prepare to​ treat? A. Airway obstruction B. Brain injury C. Cervical spine trauma D. All of the above

All of the above

Careful assessment and ongoing evaluation of the pediatric patient is critical for which of the following​ reasons? A. A sick or injured child who initially appeared stable can deteriorate very rapidly. B. Signs of significant illness and injury may be subtle and easily overlooked. C. Childhood injuries and illnesses as a result of abuse or neglect may be missed if the EMT is not thorough. D. All of the above

All of the above

During a power​ failure, how should the EMT verify adequate ventilations are being administered to an unresponsive patient with a tracheostomy tube using a​ bag-valve mask? A. Observe for chest rise and fall. B. Ensure a good connection between the​ bag-valve mask and the tracheostomy tube. C. Observe for improving skin color. D. All of the above

All of the above

In which of the following situations should the mother be transported​ immediately? A. The mother experiences a​ severe, tearing sensation in her abdomen during labor and the outline of the fetus can be felt through the abdominal wall. B. The​ infant's arm is the presenting part. C. Delivery is not imminent and there is about 500 cc of​ painless, bright red bleeding. D. All of the above

All of the above

Obesity increases the risk for which of the following health​ problems? A. Respiratory problems B. Liver disease C. Type 2 diabetes D. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following conditions should be present before the umbilical cord is​ cut? A. The cord is no longer pulsating. B. The cord is clamped in two places. C. The infant is breathing on his or her own. D. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following injuries may produce distended neck veins​ (JVD)? A. Traumatic asphyxia B. Cardiac tamponade C. Tension pneumothorax D. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following injuries requires the use of an occlusive​ dressing? A. Open wound to the abdomen from which a loop of intestine is protruding B. Open wound to the neck C. Open wound to the chest D. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is a classic characteristic of a child​ abuser? A. Parent who is experiencing financial or marital stress B. Parent who spends majority of time with child C. Parent who was abused as child D. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is a complication of bone​ fractures? A. Swelling B. Nerve damage C. Hemorrhage D. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is an indication of shock in an infant or small​ child? A. Absence of tears when crying B. Not producing wet diapers C. Capillary refill greater than 2 seconds D. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is of concern with a puncture​ wound? A. Hidden internal bleeding with minimal external bleeding B. Strong possibility of contamination C. An object that remains impaled in the body D. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is true concerning​ lacerations? A. They may be caused by blunt trauma. B. They may indicate deeper underlying tissue damage. C. They may be caused by penetrating trauma. D. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following may be a hazard of an improperly fitting cervical​ collar? A. Allows flexion of the neck B. Prevents the patient from opening his mouth C. Allows hyperextension of the neck D. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following should be considered by the EMT as a result of the proportionally larger size of a small​ child's head? A. Different injury patterns than in adults B. Adaptations in positioning for cervical spine immobilization C. Differences in positioning to maintain an open airway D. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following should be done when the​ infant's head has been​ delivered? A. Suction the nose. B. Check to see if the umbilical cord is around the neck. C. Suction the mouth. D. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following should increase your suspicion of child​ abuse? A. Bruises on the back​ and/or buttocks in various stages of healing B. Improperly healed​ fractures, resulting in deformity of extremities C. Indications of alcohol​ and/or drug abuse in the home D. All of the above

All of the above

While on the scene of an emergency call involving a patient who is dependent upon a medical device for​ survival, the EMT can ask which of the following individuals about the specifics of the​ device? A. ​Patient's family B. ​Patient's home health aide or nurse C. Patient D. All of the above

All of the above

While ventilating a conscious​ patient's tracheostomy tube with a connected​ bag-valve mask, the EMT should verify the​ patient's comfort level for which of the​ following? A. Ventilation volume B. Ventilation rate C. Ventilation pressure D. All of the above

All of the above

You are called for a women who is about to deliver. During the labor​ process, your​ patient's water breaks. She experiences a rush of warm water and an increase in uterine contractions. The purpose of the amniotic fluid is​ to: A. allow the fetus to float during development. B. provide lubrication during the delivery of the baby. C. help maintain a constant fetal body temperature. D. All of the above

All of the above

Your patient is an infant being treated for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. He is being weaned off his respirator by a process called intermittent mandatory ventilation. When you​ arrive, you find the infant obviously hypoxic and​ sick-looking. Which of the following treatments is​ indicated? A. Oxygen administration B. Ventilator support C. Prompt transport to a neonatal center D. All of the above

All of the above

Your patient is a​ 70-year-old male whose tractor rolled over onto him. Your assessment makes you suspicious that the patient has a fractured pelvis. Which of the following complications should you​ anticipate? A. Damage to the nerves of the lower extremities B. Shock C. Damage to internal organs D. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following terms describes the temperature of the surrounding​ air? A. Shell temperature B. Ambient temperature C. Core temperature D. Wind chill index

Ambient temperature

Which of the following is true regarding the​ EMT's approach to the pediatric​ patient? A. It is not necessary to use Standard Precautions when dealing with pediatric patients. B. An EMT does not have to attempt to obtain a blood pressure on patients younger than 3 years old. C. It is not possible to develop an initial impression of the pediatric patient without a detailed physical examination. D. Scene safety is not an important consideration in the care of pediatric patients.

An EMT does not have to attempt to obtain a blood pressure on patients younger than 3 years old.

Multiple trauma and multisystem trauma patients are situations in which the EMT is expected to perform which of the​ following? A. Anticipate and treat problems with a greater level of complexity than usual. B. Respond above and beyond the call of duty. C. Practice outside the scope of practice in order to provide the greatest good. D. Provide the best quality care​ possible, including definitive care​ on-scene.

Anticipate and treat problems with a greater level of complexity than usual.

What type of trauma triage criteria regarding transport would a finger amputation​ receive? A. ​Patient's choice of destination B. Any hospital C. Trauma center D. Any hospital with surgical facilities

Any hospital with surgical facilities

Which of the following traumatic chest injuries may result in​ massive, often fatal internal​ hemorrhage? A. Aortic dissection B. Cardiac tamponade C. Hemothorax D. Hemopneumothorax

Aortic dissection

Your protocols call for you to use the pediatric assessment triangle when assessing young children. You know that the second leg of the triangle assesses the​ "work of​ breathing" and the bottom leg of the triangle assesses​ "circulation to the​ skin." What does the first leg of the triangle stand​ for? A. Airway B. Assessment C. Alteration of mental status D. Appearance

Appearance

Your patient is a​ 38-year-old male driver of a vehicle that left the roadway and struck a bus stop shelter and a tree. He is conscious and​ alert, he has some abrasions on his​ forehead, his skin is warm and​ dry, and he has a strong radial pulse and no difficulty breathing. Which of the following descriptions represents the MOST appropriate way for removing the patient from the​ vehicle? A. Place the backboard on the stretcher and have the patient​ stand, turn, and lie down on the backboard while you maintain manual​ in-line stabilization of the cervical spine. B. Have the patient stand up and then do a​ "standing take-down" onto a long backboard. C. Apply a cervical collar and short spine immobilization device before removing to a long backboard. D. Apply a cervical collar and perform rapid extrication onto a long backboard.

Apply a cervical collar and short spine immobilization device before removing to a long backboard.

A​ 37-year-old male was hit by a trolley and his foot was almost severed. It is only connected by some skin and crushed bone. What should you​ do? A. Apply a pressure dressing to control​ bleeding, stabilize the foot by​ splinting, apply​ oxygen, and transport as a priority patient. B. Complete the amputation. It will make the injury much easier to handle. C. Immediately apply a tourniquet to control bleeding. D. Because of the seriousness of the​ injury, wait for ALS before providing any care.

Apply a pressure dressing to control​ bleeding, stabilize the foot by​ splinting, apply​ oxygen, and transport as a priority patient.

Which of the following is acceptable when actively rewarming a hypothermic​ patient? A. Warming the patient as quickly as possible B. Applying humidified oxygen C. Encouraging the patient to exercise D. Giving coffee or brandy to drink

Applying humidified oxygen

You respond to a construction site on a very hot summer day for a person​ "not acting​ right." You find a​ 38-year-old male patient seated in a work vehicle with the air conditioner on maximum. Coworkers state the patient was working for the last 2 hours pouring concrete when he started​ "speaking gibberish" and nearly collapsed. The patient is responsive to verbal stimuli. Your initial vital signs are blood pressure​ 90/60, pulse​ 136, and respiratory rate 24. The​ patient's skin is cool to the touch and dry but his shirt is wet with visible salt rings. Which is the best treatment for the​ patient? A. Have the patient drink at least 1 liter of water to replace what he has lost. B. Apply​ high-concentration oxygen and rapidly transport to the nearest medical facility. C. Cool the patient with tepid water. D. Have the patient sip water slowly to replace what he has lost.

Apply​ high-concentration oxygen and rapidly transport to the nearest medical facility.

You respond to a​ 32-year-old male who fell 20 feet off a ladder. He is responsive to painful stimuli. He has snoring respirations at 20 a minute with decent chest rise and fall. He has a broken​ femur, a broken​ wrist, and a lacerated radial artery that is bleeding profusely. Which of these injuries is the highest​ priority? A. Snoring respirations B. Broken wrist C. Arterial bleed D. Femur fracture

Arterial bleed

Which of the following occurs when gases leave a damaged lung in a diving accident and enter the​ bloodstream? A. Arterial gas embolism B. Arterial thrombosis C. Arterial blood gases D. Hyperbaric arterial injury

Arterial gas embolism

You are on the scene of a pediatric patient who is on a specialized home monitoring system. This situation was not specifically addressed in your EMT class and your EMT partner has not encountered this​ situation, either. What is an advisable course of​ action? A. Load the patient and rapidly transport the patient to the closest hospital for evaluation. B. Ask the parent or caregiver what has been done in the past to correct the situation. C. Request an advanced life support ambulance crew to respond for assistance. D. Contact medical control and ask to speak to a specialist for advice.

Ask the parent or caregiver what has been done in the past to correct the situation.

Your patient is a​ 14-year-old male who crashed his​ bicycle, landing prone and sliding along a gravel trail. He has deep abrasions to his​ hands, arms,​ chest, and knees. The patient has small pieces of​ gravel, twigs, and dirt embedded in the abrasions. Which of the following is the best way to manage this situation after taking cervical spine​ immobilization? A. Do not attempt to remove any​ debris, apply pressure dressings over the embedded material if​ necessary, apply​ high-concentration oxygen, and transport. B. Assess for additional​ injuries, flush away large pieces of debris with a sterile​ dressing, place dressings on the​ abrasions, bandage them in​ place, and transport. C. Use your fingers to pick embedded debris from the​ wound, bandage with moist saline dressings in​ place, and transport. D. Use a tongue depressor to scrape large pieces of debris out of the​ wounds, place the patient on​ high-concentration oxygen, and transport.

Assess for additional​ injuries, flush away large pieces of debris with a sterile​ dressing, place dressings on the​ abrasions, bandage them in​ place, and transport.

In cases of extreme​ hypothermia, you will find the patient​ unconscious, with no discernible vital​ signs, and skin cold to your touch with stiff joints as if they appear dead. What is the emergency care for these​ patients? A. Contact medical control for input into the best treatment for this patient. B. Call the coroner as indications are the patient is cold and​ deceased, which is a definitive sign of death. C. Assess the carotid pulse for 30 to 45​ seconds; if there is no​ pulse, start CPR immediately and prepare to apply the AED. D. Check distal​ CSM, apply warming packs to the​ extremities, and transport the patient.

Assess the carotid pulse for 30 to 45​ seconds; if there is no​ pulse, start CPR immediately and prepare to apply the AED.

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of chest pain in the​ elderly? A. Asthma B. Pneumonia C. Aneurysm D. Angina

Asthma

Which of the following trauma triage criteria would justify transportation to a trauma center based on mechanism of injury​ alone? A. Intrusion into the occupant area greater than 8 inches B. Vehicle rollover C. Auto versus pedestrian D. Vehicle​ crash-generated telemetry data

Auto versus pedestrian

Your patient is a​ 11-month-old male who began choking while his babysitter was feeding him some sliced peaches. The child has retractions of his intercostal​ muscles, is​ drowsy, and is grayish in color. Which of the following is the BEST intervention for this​ patient? A. Back slaps and chest thrusts B. ​Blow-by oxygen at 10 to 15 liters per minute C. Abdominal thrusts D. Use of a​ flow-restricted oxygen-powered ventilation device​ (FROPVD)

Back slaps and chest thrusts

Which of the following is NOT appropriate in caring for a patient with closed​ soft-tissue injuries and a significant mechanism of​ injury? A. Bandage and splint all injuries prior to transport. B. Treat for shock if you think there are internal injuries even if the​ patient's vital signs are normal. C. Anticipate vomiting. D. All of the above

Bandage and splint all injuries prior to transport.

Your patient is a​ 3-year-old child who is in severe respiratory distress. She is cyanotic and responds only to painful stimuli. According to the​ patient's mother, the child had complained of a sore throat earlier and has had a fever since early in the morning. Which of the following is the BEST course of​ action? A. Insert an oropharyngeal airway​ (OPA) and begin​ bag-valve-mask ventilations with supplemental oxygen. B. Suction the airway. C. Perform abdominal thrusts and finger​ sweeps; attempt to ventilate. D. Begin gentle ventilations with a​ bag-valve mask​ (BVM) and supplemental oxygen.

Begin gentle ventilations with a​ bag-valve mask​ (BVM) and supplemental oxygen.

Which of the following is the highest priority to the EMT in delivery of an infant with​ meconium-stained amniotic​ fluid? A. Vigorously rubbing the​ infant's back immediately upon delivery to stimulate breathing B. Being prepared to suction the infant immediately before he takes a breath C. Checking for fever D. None of the above

Being prepared to suction the infant immediately before he takes a breath

You are on the scene of a​ 50-year-old male who lacerated his arm on a sheet of plate glass. He is​ pale, diaphoretic, and mumbling incoherently. You have controlled an arterial bleed with direct pressure. His blood pressure is​ 70/40, pulse​ 120, and respiratory rate of 28. Which of the following signs is the most​ concerning? A. Tachycardia B. Blood pressure . C. Altered mental status D. Respiratory rate

Blood pressure

Which of the following describes an open extremity​ injury? A. A gunshot wound has penetrated the skin and then fractured the bone. B. Bone ends have lacerated the soft tissues and skin from the inside. C. The joint capsule has been torn open during a dislocation. D. Both A and B

Both A and B

When preparing to move a patient that is using a specialty medical device from his house to the​ ambulance, which of the following questions would be appropriate to ask the​ family? A. What worked best for moving the patient the last time he was transported by​ ambulance? B. How do you normally move the​ patient? C. Can you carry the patient to the ambulance since you know the best way to move the​ patient? D. Both A and B are correct.

Both A and B are correct.

Which of the following spiders can cause a characteristic wound with a bite that is often​ painless? A. Sheet web spider B. Argiope spider C. Brown recluse spider D. Black widow spider

Brown recluse spider

You assess a​ 35-year-old female patient with a chemical burn to her right forearm and hand. As you assess the​ burn, you notice a white powder on the burn. What should be your next​ step? A. Transport the patient immediately to the closest burn center. B. Brush off the​ powder, bandage the​ arm, and transport the patient to the closest trauma center. C. Brush the powder off the​ patient's arm and​ hand, and then flush with copious amounts of water. D. Flush the arm and hand with copious amounts of water.

Brush the powder off the​ patient's arm and​ hand, and then flush with copious amounts of water.

Which of the following is the BEST course of action for the EMT to take when caring for a patient with an AICD who goes into cardiac​ arrest? A. CPR and an AED should be used as indicated while​ on-scene and transporting the patient. B. CPR should be​ started, but the AED should not be used while​ on-scene or transporting the patient. C. The AED should be applied and​ used, but CPR should not be started while​ on-scene or transporting the patient. D. No action beyond transport is required since the patient already has an implanted defibrillator.

CPR and an AED should be used as indicated while​ on-scene and transporting the patient.

You are enjoying some time at the beach on your day off when you hear a swimmer crying for help. As you spot the swimmer about 30 feet from​ shore, she cries out again but appears to be getting weaker. Although there is no lifeguard on​ duty, there is a rowboat and a ring buoy available. Assuming you do NOT know how to swim or consider yourself a poor​ swimmer, which of the following should you do​ first? A. Use the buoy to float out to the swimmer. B. Find someone who can swim to try to swim out and save the swimmer. C. Call for help and try to throw the buoy to the swimmer. D. Row the boat out to the swimmer.

Call for help and try to throw the buoy to the swimmer.

You are dispatched to an industrial plant for a burn. You arrive and find a​ 60-year-old male who came in contact with a broken steam line and appears to have partial thickness burns on both hands and arms. He is lying on the ground and coworkers are gently spraying him with water from a nearby hose. What should you​ do? A. Because of his​ age, immediately put him in your ambulance and transport him to a burn center. B. Care for the burn and do a complete patient​ assessment, including cervical spine precautions. C. Call for air transport and continue to pour water on the burns until transport arrives. D. Before doing​ treatment, call the local burn center for instruction.

Care for the burn and do a complete patient​ assessment, including cervical spine precautions.

Which of the following allows for smooth movement of bone surfaces against one another at​ joints? A. Smooth muscle B. Ligaments C. Cartilage D. Peritoneum

Cartilage

Which portions of the spine are the most vulnerable to​ injury? A. Cervical and lumbar B. Cervical and sacra C. Thoracic and lumbar D. Thoracic and sacra

Cervical and lumbar

You arrive on scene to find an unresponsive homeless man lying in the alleyway clutching a wine bottle. He is wearing a​ long-sleeved shirt, but does not have pants on. His skin feels cold to the touch. The​ week's temperatures have not been above 50 degrees F. Which of the following should be done​ first? A. Ensure an open airway B. Apply the AED C. Check a carotid pulse D. Begin passive rewarming

Check a carotid pulse

A painter falls from his ladder and tells you he has dislocated his shoulder again. When you attempt to splint the​ shoulder, it​ "pops back into​ place." What should your next step​ be? A. Check distal​ CSM, apply a traction​ splint, and transport the patient. B. Continue splinting and report the popping sound to the triage nurse when you arrive at the hospital. C. Check distal​ CSM, apply a sling and​ swathe, and transport the patient. D. Contact medical control for input into the best treatment for this patient.

Check distal​ CSM, apply a sling and​ swathe, and transport the patient.

Your patient is an​ 11-year-old male who has a​ swollen, painful, and angulated right lower arm after falling from his bicycle onto his hands. Which of the following should be considered in the immobilization of his injured​ extremity? A. Use an upper extremity traction splint. B. Check​ pulse, movement, and sensation distal to the injury before and after splinting. C. Immobilize from the shoulder to the wrist. D. Do not attempt to realign the extremity before splinting.

Check​ pulse, movement, and sensation distal to the injury before and after splinting.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the skin and body surface area of children as compared to​ adults? A. A child is not more prone than an adult to heat loss through the skin. B. Children have a larger body​ surface-to-weight ratio. C. Children have more subcutaneous fat. D. The skin of a child is thicker.

Children have a larger body​ surface-to-weight ratio.

You are on an EMS standby for a boxing tournament. During one of the​ matches, one of the female boxers delivers a forcible uppercut to the chest of her​ opponent, who falls to the ground. The match is declared over on the basis of a TKO.​ However, the opponent fails to arise following a 1 to 2 minute interval. EMS is summoned to the ring. You find the patient pulseless and breathing agonal gasps. You suspect which of the following traumatic​ conditions? A. Tension pneumothorax B. Commotio cordis C. Aortic dissection D. Cardiac tamponade

Commotio cordis

Which of the following is appropriate in the examination of a​ painful, swollen extremity of a conscious​ patient? A. Comparing the injured side to the uninjured side B. Gently attempting to flex the​ mid-portion of the bone to check for angulation C. Asking the patient to see if he can bear weight on the extremity D. Seeing if you can elicit crepitus on palpation

Comparing the injured side to the uninjured side

Which of the following injuries is considered an indirect brain​ injury? A. Cerebral laceration B. Concussion C. Gunshot wound to the head D. Depressed skull fracture with cerebral penetration by bone fragments

Concussion

A patient who is lying on cold ground is losing the most amount of heat by what​ mechanism? A. Conduction B. Convection C. Shivering D. Radiation

Conduction

A patient gives you a story of having gone out to the movies last​ night, but who according to family​ members, has not left the house in years. This condition is​ called? A. Depression B. Apoplexy C. Lying D. Confabulation

Confabulation

Which of the following is a function of the autonomic nervous​ system? A. Running or walking B. Solving complex math problems C. Speaking D. Constriction of blood vessels

Constriction of blood vessels

Blunt trauma resulting in a closed chest injury creates the potential for which of the following internal​ injuries? A. Contusion B. Evisceration C. Avulsion D. Abrasion

Contusion

Which of the following is the process in which heat is lost from the body as wind passes over​ it? A. Convection B. Condensation C. Hydrodynamic cooling D. Exposure

Convection

Of the following venomous​ snakes, which one usually has the highest incidence of a​ "dry bite?" A. Coral snake B. Water moccasin C. Copperhead D. Mississauga rattlesnake

Coral snake

Which of the following is the correct technique to check for crowning in the assessment of a woman in​ labor? A. Place your hand on the​ woman's abdomen, just above the​ umbilicus, and check for the firmness of the uterus during contractions. B. Ask the woman to​ "push" or​ "bear down" as you inspect the vaginal opening. C. Cover her with a​ sheet, have her remove her​ underwear, wait for a​ contraction, and then visualize the vaginal opening. D. None of the above

Cover her with a​ sheet, have her remove her​ underwear, wait for a​ contraction, and then visualize the vaginal opening.

Assessing blood pressure on a patient with an AV​ shunt, fistula, or graft could lead to which of the​ following? A. Inaccurate blood pressure readings B. Uncontrollable hemorrhage in the extremity C. Damage to the AV​ shunt, fistula, or​ graft, requiring surgery D. ​Nothing, as there is no need to avoid assessing blood pressure in a​ patient's arm with an AV​ fistula, shunt, or graft.

Damage to the AV​ shunt, fistula, or​ graft, requiring surgery

Which of the following is the most significant mechanism of injury for a driver in a vehicle​ accident? A. Death of a passenger in the same vehicle B. Spidering of the windshield C. ​Rear-end collision D. Encroachment greater than 12 inches of the​ driver's compartment

Death of a passenger in the same vehicle

Which of the following statements is true regarding​ SIDS? A. It usually occurs between the ages of 1 and 3 years. B. Death usually occurs during sleep. C. It is usually caused by external suffocation. D. All children are at equal risk.

Death usually occurs during sleep.

While listening to an otherwise healthy elderly​ patient's lungs, you note decreased breath sounds. Which of the following may explain this​ finding? A. Previous abdominal injuries B. Decreased blood flow to the lungs C. Decreased lung capacity D. Increased chest wall flexibility

Decreased lung capacity

Which of the following is a sign of the MOST severe respiratory distress in a​ 1-year-old pediatric​ patient? A. Decreased muscle tone B. Respiratory rate greater than 60 C. Grunting D. Wheezing

Decreased muscle tone

Which of the following is the likely result of diminished thyroid function in the​ elderly? A. Difficulty chewing and swallowing B. Increased toxicity of medications C. ​Thin, dry, wrinkled skin D. Decreased tolerance of heat and cold

Decreased tolerance of heat and cold

Which of the following is a potential complication of hyperventilating a patient with a brain​ injury? A. Decreasing blood flow to the brain B. Increasing blood flow to the brain C. Increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood D. Decreasing the​ patient's blood pressure

Decreasing blood flow to the brain

Which of the following is NOT a cause of altered mental status in the pediatric​ patient? A. Diabetes B. Traumatic brain injury C. Infection D. Dementia

Dementia

Which of the following is defined as an area of the body surface that is innervated by a single spinal​ nerve? A. Dermatome B. Spinous process C. Transverse process D. Malar

Dermatome

What are some of the most important critical decisions an EMT can make on the scene of a serious​ trauma? A. Whether to await ALS care​ on-scene or begin BLS transport B. Determining patient​ priority, amount of time​ on-scene, and hospital transport decision C. Physiological​ determinants, anatomic​ criteria, and mechanism of injury D. Load and go versus stay and play

Determining patient​ priority, amount of time​ on-scene, and hospital transport decision

You are called to assess a pregnant woman who is approximately 7 months pregnant. She states that her pregnancy has been uneventful but she is experiencing intermittent headaches. Her vital signs are pulse​ 118, respirations​ 22, blood pressure​ 138/88, and blood sugar 148. Which of the following is true regarding a pregnant​ woman? A. Her pulse rate should be lower than normal. B. Her blood pressure is usually higher during pregnancy. C. Her respirations usually remain the same during pregnancy. D. Diabetes may be made worse during pregnancy.

Diabetes may be made worse during pregnancy.

By which of the following means does the​ fetus's blood pick up nourishment from the​ mother? A. Indirect circulation B. Direct circulation C. Osmosis D. Diffusion

Diffusion

Which of the following is the underlying cause of neurogenic​ shock? A. Extreme emotional response to paralysis B. Dilation of blood vessels C. Failure of the heart to adequately pump blood D. Blood loss from damaged spinal blood vessels

Dilation of blood vessels

Bleeding from​ soft-tissue injuries should initially be controlled with which one of the following​ techniques? A. Application of an ice pack or chemical cold pack B. Running cold water over the wound C. Direct pressure D. Elevation of the injured part

Direct pressure

Which of the following refers to a condition that interferes significantly with a​ person's ability to engage in activities of daily​ living? A. Handicapped B. Terminal C. Disabled D. Disability

Disability

Your patient has a tracheostomy and is on a ventilator. He presents in acute respiratory distress. You assess his trach tube and it appears​ clear, but there is something wrong with the ventilator. You do not notice any loose fittings or disconnected tubes. The airway is clear and he is sitting upright. What is your next​ step? A. Try to further troubleshoot the ventilator. B. Disconnect the patient and ventilate him with a​ bag-valve device. C. Connect your oxygen tank directly to the tracheostomy tube. D. Call the​ manufacturer's service hotline.

Disconnect the patient and ventilate him with a​ bag-valve device.

You are transporting a stable patient who was involved in a minor fall from a ladder at a height of about 10 feet to a local community hospital. You assumed full spinal precautions not only because the patient has midline back pain in the​ sacrum, but also because he was knocked unconscious. While​ transporting, the patient begins to become increasingly​ confused, develop an irregular respiratory​ rate, and experience a drop in heart rate with an increase in blood pressure. You just called in a radio report and are about 7 minutes from the hospital. A trauma center is about 10 minutes away. Which of the following is the BEST transport​ decision? A. Call the trauma center for advice. B. Continue transporting to the local hospital since​ it's the closest facility. C. Divert to the trauma center because the patient is becoming symptomatic. D. Continue transporting to the local hospital because​ you've already given report and they accepted the patient.

Divert to the trauma center because the patient is becoming symptomatic.

Which of the following BEST describes when positive pressure is applied to the​ patient's airway using a CPAP​ machine? A. Between inhalation and exhalation B. During both inhalation and exhalation C. During exhalation only D. During inhalation only

During both inhalation and exhalation

You are treating a​ 16-year-old skateboarder who has fallen at the skate park. She has an angulated left forearm that she has in a guarded position. When do you splint this​ injury? A. Immediately B. En route to the hospital C. During the primary exam D. During the secondary exam

During the secondary exam

When​ log-rolling a patient with a suspected spinal​ injury, which of the following EMTs directs the​ move? A. EMT at the heaviest portion of the patient B. EMT with the highest level of training C. EMT at the head of the patient D. EMT with the most seniority

EMT at the head of the patient

Which of the following BEST describes a localized cold injury with a clear line of demarcation of its​ limits? A. Late frostbite B. Immersion foot C. Deep frostnip D. Early frostnip

Early frostnip

Which of the following BEST describes a disease such as​ deafness? A. Acquired disease B. Neither a congenital nor acquired disease C. Either a congenital or acquired disease D. Congenital disease

Either a congenital or acquired disease

Which of the following groups is MOST likely to be successful in a suicide​ attempt? A. ​Middle-aged men B. Teenagers C. Young women D. Elderly men

Elderly men

Which of the following is NOT likely to be a cause of respiratory distress in a​ 2-year-old child? A. A cold B. Foreign body airway obstruction C. Epiglottitis D. Emphysema

Emphysema

When should the EMT calculate a GCS with a patient who suffered a fall of 20 feet from his apartment​ building? A. As he approaches the patient B. Before departing from the scene C. En route to the hospital D. At the hospital before writing the care report

En route to the hospital

Which of the following is the outermost layer of the​ skin? A. Adipose tissue B. Fascia C. Epidermis D. Dermis

Epidermis

You are dispatched to a​ 42-year-old male who was shot in the abdomen and thrown from a vehicle. The patient is critical and a​ high-category trauma;​ however, due to the mechanism of​ injury, it is necessary to backboard the patient prior to transport. What is an important assessment before securing the​ patient? A. Examining the patient for entrance and exit wounds B. Verifying trauma center ER bed availability C. Searching for presence of​ diaphoresis, tachycardia, and hypotension D. Performing a distal neurological assessment

Examining the patient for entrance and exit wounds

Your patient is a​ 60-year-old woman who stepped off a curb and injured her ankle. Your exam shows that her left ankle is swollen and painful. Which of the following should you​ do? A. Explain to the patient that her ankle is sprained and transport her with her ankle elevated on a pillow and a cold pack applied to the injury. B. Explain to the patient that you cannot tell if her ankle is sprained or fractured until she is​ X-rayed at the emergency​ department, then splint the ankle. C. Explain to the patient that her ankle is fractured and you must splint her ankle to prevent further injury and reduce pain. D. Transport the patient immediately to a trauma​ center, applying​ high-concentration oxygen en route.

Explain to the patient that you cannot tell if her ankle is sprained or fractured until she is​ X-rayed at the emergency​ department, then splint the ankle.

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of musculoskeletal​ injury? A. Extensive force B. Indirect force C. Direct force D. Twisting or rotational forces

Extensive force

Glasgow Coma Scale​ (GCS) is a neurological assessment that looks at which of the​ following? A. Verbal​ response, motor​ response, and AVPU B. Motor​ response, arm​ movement, and speech C. Grip​ strength, verbal​ response, and eye opening D. Eye​ opening, verbal​ response, and motor response

Eye​ opening, verbal​ response, and motor response

Heat stroke is caused by which of the following​ mechanisms? A. Extreme dilation of all the blood vessels B. Blockage of blood flow to the brain C. Failure of temperature regulation mechanisms D. ​Heat-induced swelling of brain tissue

Failure of temperature regulation mechanisms

Which of the following is the MOST common cause of seizures in infants and​ children? A. Fever B. Poisoning C. Hypoxia D. Hypoglycemia

Fever

Your patient is a​ 30-year-old construction worker who fell from scaffolding and has been impaled by a piece of concrete reinforcement bar. The patient responds to verbal stimuli. You have determined the bar is too long to adequately secure during patient transport. Which of the following is your best course of​ action? A. Remove the reinforcement bar and pack the orbit with sterile moist dressings to keep the scene time under 10 minutes. B. Firmly stabilize the reinforcement bar in place so that the rescue crew can cut it short. C. Transport with the reinforcement bar in place to prevent delay at the scene. D. Test the reinforcement bar for stability and remove it only if it is loose enough to be easily pulled from the wound.

Firmly stabilize the reinforcement bar in place so that the rescue crew can cut it short.

You are assessing a patient in labor. Her contractions are 2 minutes apart lasting 30 seconds with increasing pain. The patient states that she feels the urge to push. These signs indicate which stage of​ delivery? A. Second stage B. Third stage C. First and second stage D. Fourth stage

First and second stage

Based on the following presentations of patient​ injuries, which one would be considered MOST​ severe, justifying immediate transportation to a trauma​ center? A. Open​ (compound) midshaft femur fracture B. Midline cervical spine pain C. Flail chest D. Scalp laceration

Flail chest

Which of the following BEST describes an​ avulsion? A. Flap of skin that is partially or completely torn away from the underlying tissue B. Accumulation of blood beneath the​ skin, resulting in swelling C. Epidermis that is scraped away by a rough surface D. An injury caused by a​ sharp, pointed object

Flap of skin that is partially or completely torn away from the underlying tissue

Which of the following is the opening at the base of the​ skull? A. Spinous process B. Foramen magnum C. Orbits D. Temporomandibular joint

Foramen magnum

You are caring for a​ 27-year-old male who has a puncture wound to the right upper chest. The patient was stabbed with a serrated steak knife by his​ ex-girlfriend. You have placed an occlusive dressing to the site and began emergent transport to the closest trauma center.​ However, while en route the patient begins to complain of increasing shortness of breath. You notice a decrease in ventilatory volume and an increase in thoracic diameter. Which of the following options would be the best step to perform​ next? A. Free a corner or edge of the dressing and have the patient exhale to release pressure buildup. And​ re-seal the wound. B. Begin providing​ BVM-assisted ventilations to the patient. C. Call dispatch for an ALS intercept en route to the hospital. D. Begin providing CPR to the patient.

Free a corner or edge of the dressing and have the patient exhale to release pressure buildup. And​ re-seal the wound.

A burn extending into the subcutaneous fat would be classified as which type of​ burn? A. Superficial partial thickness B. Superficial C. Deep partial thickness D. Full thickness

Full thickness

Your patient is a​ 37-year-old man who tripped while walking down a hill and now has a​ painful, deformed right leg. Your assessment reveals that the foot is cold and mottled in appearance. You cannot detect a pulse in the foot or ankle. Which of the following is the BEST course of​ action? A. Splint the leg in the position in which it was found and transport without delay. B. Transport rapidly to the nearest trauma center. C. Gently attempt to straighten the leg to regain a pulse before splinting. D. Explain to the patient​ that, because you cannot detect circulation in his​ foot, his leg will most likely have to be amputated above the site of the injury.

Gently attempt to straighten the leg to regain a pulse before splinting.

Which of the following is NOT a principle of splinting that must be considered by the​ EMT? A. Splint an isolated extremity injury before moving the patient to the stretcher. B. Immobilize the site of an extremity injury from the joint above it to the joint below it. C. Check the distal neurovascular function before and after splinting. D. Gently replace protruding bone ends back beneath the skin to prevent further contamination.

Gently replace protruding bone ends back beneath the skin to prevent further contamination.

Which of the following should the EMT do during the treatment of localized cold​ injury? A. Rub the affected area with snow. B. Massage the affected area. C. Gradually warm the affected area. D. Encourage the patient to use the affected part.

Gradually warm the affected area.

You are assessing a​ 2-year-old child whose mother states she has had a fever for several hours. Which of the following signs is cause for​ concern? A. Absence of nasal flaring with inhalation B. Crying C. Respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute D. Grunting at the end of expiration

Grunting at the end of expiration

You are called for a child that has had a fever for a couple of days. The parents tell you that two of the other children have been home with a stomach virus and fever. As you attempt to assess the​ child, he pulls away from you and grabs onto his mother. Which of the following behaviors would be considered​ "normal" for a​ 4-year-old? A. He begins to cry when you try to touch his booboo. B. He runs up to you when you enter the room. C. He​ doesn't make eye contact as you approach. D. He flares his nostrils when he breathes.

He begins to cry when you try to touch his booboo.

You are called for a sick​ 2-year-old boy. When you​ arrive, you see the boy sitting quietly on his​ mother's lap. You note that he is not crying and has his head tucked against his​ mother's chest.​ However, he does lift his head and look at you when you enter. As you​ approach, he withdraws deeper toward his mother. What have you learned about the patient so​ far? A. He probably does not have a fever. B. His skin is warm and dry. C. His front fontanelle is​ sunken, likely from dehydration. D. He is alert and probably acting appropriately.

He is alert and probably acting appropriately.

You walk up the stairs of a house to respond to a call of an elderly man. You notice that the stairs do not have any handrails. After responding to the reason why he called​ 911, what suggestion would you give to this patient to avoid falls in the​ future? A. ​Nothing, there is no problem. B. It is illegal to not have a handrail on the front steps and it must be fixed immediately. C. It is a good idea there are no handrails on the front steps as this negatively impacts his balance as he walks up the stairs. D. He should install a handrail on the front steps to avoid any falls.

He should install a handrail on the front steps to avoid any falls.

Which of the following is the correct position to use when transporting a patient who has a tracheostomy​ tube? A. Head slightly elevated B. Shock position C. Supine D. Prone

Head slightly elevated

You are dispatched to a multiple vehicle collision on a busy interstate highway. Your crew identifies a critical patient entrapped in a small sedan with significant intrusion into the occupant area on the front and left side. One of your crew​ members, dressed in fully protective​ gear, volunteers to enter the vehicle to begin assessment and treatment. Given that access to the patient is​ limited, you tell him to concentrate on assessing which of the following parts of the​ patient's body? A. ​Torso, pelvis, and lower extremities B. ​Head, chest, and upper extremities C. ​Head, chest, and torso D. ​Head, posterior​ torso, and lower extremities

Head, chest, and torso

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of shock in infants and​ children? A. Blood loss B. Dehydration C. Infection D. Heart failure

Heart failure

What is the underlying cause of bluish or reddish facial discoloration following a traumatic​ asphyxiation? A. The patient has become hypoxic due to a chest injury and the finding suggests central cyanosis. B. The physiological strain of the body results in a flushed appearance and increased risk of a hypertensive event. C. Bluish or reddish facial discoloration is not associated with traumatic​ asphyxiation; a pale discoloration is usually present. D. High pressure on the chest leads to blood being forced from the right atrium into the face and neck.

High pressure on the chest leads to blood being forced from the right atrium into the face and neck.

Which of the following questions is MOST helpful in distinguishing between normal​ age-related changes and the effects of an illness when assessing an elderly​ patient? A. Are you taking your medications the way you are supposed to be taking​ them? B. How is your​ appetite? C. How do you feel today compared to last​ week? D. When was the last time you had a bowel​ movement?

How do you feel today compared to last​ week?

Your patient is a​ 28-year-old male who was ejected from his motorcycle after striking a parked vehicle. He has multiple deformities to his upper and lower extremities on both sides. Which of the following would be the BEST way to immobilize this​ patient's extremities prior to​ transport? A. Immobilize the patient to a long backboard without splinting the extremities individually. B. Use moldable splints for the upper and lower​ extremities, padding any voids to fully stabilize the fractures. C. Use padded board splints for the upper extremities and PASG for the lower extremities. D. Use traction splints for the lower extremities and allow the upper extremities to be immobilized by the long backboard.

Immobilize the patient to a long backboard without splinting the extremities individually.

Which of the following causes worsening of the damage in a brain​ injury? A. Failure to keep the patient awake and talking B. Improper management of airway and ventilation C. Allowing seepage of cerebrospinal fluid​ (CSF) from the ears or nose D. Administration of​ 100% oxygen

Improper management of airway and ventilation

Which of the following is NOT a general rule of​ splinting? A. Assess distal CSM. B. Expose the injury. C. Align​ long-bone injuries to anatomical position. D. In order to avoid loss of use of a​ limb, it is important to splint before​ moving, even if the patient is unstable.

In order to avoid loss of use of a​ limb, it is important to splint before​ moving, even if the patient is unstable.

Where are automatic implanted cardiac defibrillators typically placed in patients who require​ one? A. In the upper left chest B. In the lower left chest C. In the upper right chest D. In the lower right chest

In the upper left chest

A​ 65-year-old man was doing some work on his roof when he lost his footing and fell to the​ ground, approximately 15 feet. He is unconscious but his respirations are normal. You note an obviously angulated left leg. You are more concerned about a possible head injury. Which of the following would indicate a possible head​ injury? A. Glasgow Coma Scale​ (GCS) of 15 B. Increased blood pressure C. Increased pulse rate D. Constricted pupils

Increased blood pressure

As pressure within the cranium​ increases, which of the following is the​ result? A. Decreased blood​ pressure, decreased pulse B. Increased blood​ pressure, decreased pulse C. Increased blood​ pressure, increased pulse D. Decreased blood​ pressure, increased pulse

Increased blood​ pressure, decreased pulse

A bulging fontanelle in a quietly resting child may be an indication of which of the​ following? A. Increased intracranial pressure B. Fever C. Normal development D. Dehydration

Increased intracranial pressure

You are treating a​ 54-year-old female patient who was involved in a domestic dispute. You notice an abrasion to the side of her head. The patient is unresponsive with a blood pressure of​ 200/110, a pulse of 60 beats per​ minute, and slightly irregular breathing. The​ patient's presentation is most likely caused by which of the​ following? A. Increased arterial pressure B. ​Coup-contrecoup injury C. Increased intracranial pressure D. Minor closed head injury

Increased intracranial pressure

Which of the following is NOT a normal response of a small child when approached by the​ EMT? A. Fear B. Anxiety C. Indifference D. None of the above

Indifference

Which of the following should bring to mind the possibility of abuse or neglect of your special needs​ patient? A. Empathy for the​ patient's pain and suffering B. A lack of knowledge of the​ patient's condition C. Indifference to the​ patient's condition D. An insistence that the patient be transported to the hospital

Indifference to the​ patient's condition

Your patient is a​ 12-year-old female who fell onto her outstretched hands while rollerblading. She has a deformity of her​ forearm, about 2 inches proximal to her wrist. This injury is a result of which of the following​ mechanisms? A. Indirect force B. Sudden acceleration C. Direct force D. Twisting motion

Indirect force

Your patient is a​ 16-year-old male who was ejected from an​ all-terrain vehicle and struck his head on a large rock. He was not wearing a helmet. He is unresponsive with​ shallow, irregular​ respirations; a blood pressure of​ 170/110 mmHg; and a heart rate of 50 beats per minute. Which of the following interventions would be MOST​ appropriate? A. Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and ventilate via​ bag-valve-mask at​ 10-12 breaths per minute. B. Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and give oxygen by nonrebreather mask​ (NRB) at 15 lpm. C. Insert an oropharyngeal airway and give oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 lpm. D. Insert an oropharyngeal airway​ (OPA) and ventilate via​ bag-valve mask​ (BVM) at 30 breaths per minute.

Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and ventilate via​ bag-valve-mask at​ 10-12 breaths per minute.

You have responded to a local pool for a drowning patient. Lifeguards have pulled the patient out of the pool prior to your arrival. You find the​ 16-year-old patient unresponsive with agonal respirations and a weak carotid pulse. What is your first​ action? A. Apply​ high-concentration oxygen by nonrebreather mask. B. Apply​ high-concentration oxygen by​ bag-valve mask. C. Insert an oropharyngeal airway. D. Insert a Combitube.

Insert an oropharyngeal airway.

What is the BEST option an EMT has when encountering poor BVM compliance when attempting to ventilate a​ patient? A. Begin chest compressions. B. Address ventilation en route to the hospital or ALS intercept. C. Involve two people in the procedure. D. Place the patient on supplemental oxygen.

Involve two people in the procedure.

Which of the following would you expect to see in a patient with severe​ hypothermia? A. Rapid respirations B. Irrational behavior C. Loss of muscle tone D. Tachycardia

Irrational behavior

Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning the proper transport of an avulsed​ ear? A. It should be labeled with the​ patient's name, as well as the date and time it was bagged. B. It should be in a dry sterile dressing. C. It should be kept as cool as possible. D. It should not be immersed in cooled water or saline.

It should be in a dry sterile dressing.

Which of the following is a consideration in airway management in the pediatric​ patient? A. Using blind finger sweeps to clear a foreign body from the airway B. The need to hyperextend the head to achieve an open airway C. Keeping the nose clear of secretions D. All of the above

Keeping the nose clear of secretions

Seizures due to complications of pregnancy generally occur during which of the following time​ periods? A. In the second trimester B. Late in pregnancy C. Before the mother even knows she is pregnant D. In the first trimester

Late in pregnancy

Your patient is a​ 32-year-old man with a fish hook that has perforated his hand between the thumb and index finger. Which of the following is the best way to manage the situation in the prehospital​ setting? A. Leave the hook in place and try not to disturb it. B. Apply a pressure dressing over the hook. C. Push the hook through the wound to avoid further damage from the barbed end. D. Pull the hook out from the same direction in which it entered the hand.

Leave the hook in place and try not to disturb it.

Which of the following structures connect bone​ ends, making joints more​ stable? A. Tendons B. Ligaments C. Cartilage D. Periosteum

Ligaments

Which of the following is a vascular organ in the abdomen that can produce blood loss quickly enough to result in​ life-threatening hemorrhage following high mechanism of injury blunt​ trauma? A. Intestines B. Kidneys C. Pancreas D. Liver

Liver

An elderly patient you are transporting to the hospital complains of feeling faint and abdominal pain. The patient states a recent history of​ "tarry stool". Which of the following conditions is most​ likely? A. Myocardial infarction B. Constipation C. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding D. Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding

During​ transport, where should the catheter bag be after loading the patient and stretcher into the ambulance if the patient has an indwelling urinary​ catheter? A. Hanging from the ceiling of the ambulance or IV pole higher than the patient B. On the ambulance floor C. In the​ patient's lap, but not higher than his heart D. Lower than the​ patient, but not on the floor

Lower than the​ patient, but not on the floor

Supine hypotensive syndrome is easily prevented by transporting the pregnant female into which of the following​ positions? A. On her hands and knees with her hips elevated B. ​Supine, with the head lower than the hips C. Lying on her left side D. Tilted slightly onto the right side

Lying on her left side

Which of the following is important to remember when communicating with an elderly patient with a hearing​ impairment? A. Make sure the patient can see you when you are speaking to him. B. It is not worth the effort to try to get information from an elderly person with a hearing impairment. C. You may need to shout in order for the patient to hear you. D. Speak directly into the​ patient's ear.

Make sure the patient can see you when you are speaking to him.

Which of the following statements regarding musculoskeletal injuries is​ correct? A. Splints do not adequately fit the​ patient's extremities and must be modified with padding to ensure immobilization. B. Many musculoskeletal injuries have a grotesque​ appearance, and the EMT cannot be distracted from​ life-threatening conditions by a deformed limb. C. All musculoskeletal injuries are life threatening due to the bone​ bleeding, leading to hypoperfusion. D. Most musculoskeletal injuries are simply splinted and not a life threat to the patient.

Many musculoskeletal injuries have a grotesque​ appearance, and the EMT cannot be distracted from​ life-threatening conditions by a deformed limb.

While assessing a​ 78-year-old male patient who escaped an apartment fire with partial thickness burns to both​ arms, the EMT must be aware of which of the​ following? A. The patient may need to be questioned by police and fire officials about the cause of the fire. B. The burn is the most serious injury to the patient. C. Being involved in a crime makes the patient part of the chain of​ evidence, requiring a police officer to ride with you to the hospital. D. Medical conditions may be aggravated by the burn.

Medical conditions may be aggravated by the burn.

Upon your arrival for a medical call at a private​ residence, you find an elderly male patient complaining of difficulty breathing. Which of the following findings would provide you with immediate information about the​ patient's condition? A. Medication list B. Baseline vital signs C. Mental status D. Temperature in the house

Mental status

On assessment of the midsection of a​ 32-year-old male who was struck by a​ car, you find an abdominal evisceration with several loops of his large intestine exposed. The abdomen appears to have a​ clean-cut laceration and the bleeding is controlled. Which of the following is the BEST approach toward managing the exposed​ intestines? A. Gently replace the intestines after moistening with sterile saline solution. B. Cover the abdomen with an occlusive dressing of aluminum foil. C. Moisten a sterile dressing with saline solution and cover the abdominal contents. D. Leave the abdominal contents in the place in which they were found and transport immediately.

Moisten a sterile dressing with saline solution and cover the abdominal contents.

Which of the following is of greatest concern for the EMT in the prehospital care of a woman with vaginal​ bleeding? A. Obtaining a thorough gynecological history B. Finding out if the patient is currently sexually active C. Monitoring for hypovolemic shock D. Preventing infection

Monitoring for hypovolemic shock

Because infants and small children rely more heavily on the diaphragm for​ breathing, respiratory distress can be detected by observing which one of the following signs that is not prominent in​ adults? A. Bulging of the intercostal spaces B. Movement of the abdomen with respiratory effort C. Use of the sternocleidomastoid muscles of the neck D. None of the above

Movement of the abdomen with respiratory effort

Which of the following situations are frequently problematic for patients who have tracheostomy​ tubes? A. Tracheal tears B. Air embolism C. Mucus buildup D. Tube malplacement

Mucus buildup

What is the definition of multisystem​ trauma? A. Multiple injuries that affect more than one body system B. A trauma that requires the response of multiple agencies C. A trauma in which there are multiple casualties D. Trauma in which the patient has more than one serious injury

Multiple injuries that affect more than one body system

You are assessing a child who is having problems breathing. Her mother states that she has been diagnosed with asthma and has recently started using an inhaler. Which of the following would indicate early respiratory​ distress? A. Respiratory rate of 12 B. Nasal flaring C. Slow heart rate D. Cyanosis of the nail beds and lips

Nasal flaring

You are treating a​ 35-year-old male patient that has been involved in a motorcycle incident. The patient is unresponsive with a blood pressure of​ 60/40, a pulse of 66 beats per​ minute, and respirations of 18 breaths per minute. The​ patient's presentation is most likely caused by which of the​ following? A. Increased intracranial pressure B. Neurogenic shock C. Septic shock D. Cardiogenic shock

Neurogenic shock

​Pop-off valves should be functional when ventilating the pediatric​ patient: A. to avoid barotrauma to the lungs. B. to avoid overinflation of the lungs. C. to avoid causing a pneumothorax. D. None of the above This is the correct answer.

None of the above

Which of the following statements is believed to be true regarding domestic elder​ abuse? A. There is seldom a family history of elder abuse. B. The elders are usually in good health. C. The abusers are usually​ well-adjusted. D. None of the above.

None of the above.

Bariatrics is defined as the branch of medicine that deals with the​ cause, prevention, and treatment of which of the following​ diseases? A. Sleep apnea B. Obesity C. Blindness D. Diabetes

Obesity

Concerning​ aging, which of the following statements is NOT​ true? A. The systolic blood pressure tends to increase with age. B. Some elderly people have a low threshold for pain. C. Older people are less likely to use EMS compared to younger people. D. Many elderly patients have a high threshold for pain.

Older people are less likely to use EMS compared to younger people.

Which of the following BEST describes an​ evisceration? A. Accumulation of blood beneath the​ skin, resulting in swelling B. Open wound of the abdomen from which organs protrude C. Epidermis that is scraped away by a rough surface D. Flap of skin that is partially or completely torn away from the underlying tissue

Open wound of the abdomen from which organs protrude

Which of the following is meant by the​ "1 percent​ rule" of​ aging? A. About 1 percent of the population older than age 65 has significant organ function decline. B. Our organ systems lose about 1 percent of function per year beginning at age 30. C. We lose about 1 percent of our memory capacity every year beginning at age 50. D. About 1 percent of the population makes it to their 85th birthday.

Our organ systems lose about 1 percent of function per year beginning at age 30.

When transporting a patient who is morbidly obese to the​ hospital, it is important to monitor which of the following vital​ signs? A. Blood pressure B. Pulse rate C. Blood glucose level D. Oxygen saturation

Oxygen saturation

Compare the pain a patient experiences when receiving a shock from a pacemaker against the pain felt when receiving a shock from an automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator​ (AICD). A. Both are painful. B. Pacemakers are painless and AICDs are painful. C. Both are painless. D. Pacemakers are painful and AICDs are painless.

Pacemakers are painless and AICDs are painful.

Which of the following is NOT part of a basic obstetrics​ kit? A. Baby blanket B. Umbilical cord clamps C. Packet of suture material D. Surgical scissors

Packet of suture material

When the EMT is assessing compromise to an​ extremity, perhaps due to an orthopedic​ injury, the EMT should initially check what​ "six Ps"? A. ​Pain, pallor,​ position, pulses,​ placement, and pressure B. ​Pain, pallor,​ paresthesia, pulses,​ paralysis, and pressure C. ​Pain, pallor,​ paresthesia, pulses,​ placement, and pressure D. ​Pain, pallor,​ position, pulses,​ placement, and pad

Pain, pallor,​ paresthesia, pulses,​ paralysis, and pressure

You are responding to a​ 6-year-old child with a fever and difficulty breathing. His mother reports that he was playing normally this morning but when he came in for lunch he had spiked a fever.​ Now, he is sitting up with his mouth​ open, drooling. Which of the following signs would point to​ epiglottitis? A. Some hoarseness B. Loud​ "seal bark" cough C. Low grade fever D. Painful swallowing

Painful swallowing

Allowing a​ patient's body temperature to increase by preventing further heat loss is referred to as which of the​ following? A. Natural rewarming B. Active rewarming C. Passive rewarming D. Core rewarming

Passive rewarming

Which patient is the highest​ priority? A. Patient with a Glasgow Coma Scale of 15 B. Patient with a broken femur C. Patient with a penetrating chest injury D. Patient with a Revised Trauma Score of 12

Patient with a penetrating chest injury

Which trauma patient is the most​ critical? A. Patient with decerebrate posturing B. Patient who withdraws to painful stimuli C. Patient with a Glasgow Coma Scale of 7 D. Patient with decorticate posturing

Patient with decerebrate posturing

Which of the following systems includes the pairs of nerves that enter and exit the spinal cord between each pair of​ vertebrae? A. Peripheral nervous system B. Central nervous system C. Autonomic nervous system D. All of the above

Peripheral nervous system

Which of the following is the main advantage of peritoneal dialysis over​ hemodialysis? A. Peritoneal dialysis is much faster. B. Peritoneal dialysis is less prone to infection. C. Peritoneal dialysis is likely to be done at the​ patient's home. D. Peritoneal dialysis is more effective.

Peritoneal dialysis is likely to be done at the​ patient's home.

Which of the following is NOT relevant in determining whether or not delivery is imminent for a woman in​ labor? A. Finding out how many pregnancies the patient has had B. Determining if the patient feels as if she needs to move her bowels C. Phoning the​ patient's obstetrician for advice D. Asking how long ago the contractions began

Phoning the​ patient's obstetrician for advice

What trauma triage guidelines did the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention​ (CDC) release in order to guide the most injured patients into trauma​ centers? A. ​Teamwork, timing, and transport B. Determining patient​ priority, amount of time​ on-scene, and hospital transport decision C. ​Lights, sirens, and diesel D. Physiological​ determinants, anatomic​ criteria, and mechanism of injury

Physiological​ determinants, anatomic​ criteria, and mechanism of injury

Which of the following is indicated in the prehospital management of a prolapsed umbilical​ cord? A. Place the mother in a​ head-down position with pillows under her hips. B. Encourage the mother to push forcefully in order to speed delivery. C. Immediately clamp the cord in two places and cut it between the clamps. D. Use your gloved hand to push the umbilical cord back up through the cervix.

Place the mother in a​ head-down position with pillows under her hips.

Your patient is pregnant at 20​ weeks' gestation and has been thrown from a horse. She is complaining of back pain. Which of the following is the correct procedure for immobilizing her​ spine? A. Place the patient supine on the backboard. B. Place the patient on her left side on the backboard. C. Use a short immobilization device and transport the patient in a sitting position. D. Place the patient supine on the​ backboard, then put a pillow under the right side of the backboard.

Place the patient supine on the​ backboard, then put a pillow under the right side of the backboard.

Your patient is a​ 21-year-old male who has a gunshot wound to the chest. Which of the following is the highest priority in managing this​ patient? A. Placing the patient in the shock position B. Placing an occlusive dressing over the wound C. Performing a rapid trauma assessment D. Placing a pressure dressing over the wound to control bleeding

Placing an occlusive dressing over the wound

A suspected musculoskeletal injury of the shoulder is BEST managed by which of the following​ techniques? A. Using a​ long-arm air splint B. Using an upper extremity traction splint C. Placing the arm in a sling and using a triangular bandage to secure it to the body D. Placing two long padded board splints on either side of the​ extremity, extending from the shoulder to the wrist

Placing the arm in a sling and using a triangular bandage to secure it to the body

Which of the following is the most serious complication of a fall injury with hip fracture in a​ 75-year-old patient? A. Pneumonia B. Blood clots C. Bruised ribs D. Collapsed lungs

Pneumonia

Which of the following lung conditions is the fourth leading cause of death among the​ elderly? A. Pneumonia B. Tuberculosis C. Chronic bronchitis D. Pneumothorax

Pneumonia

For which of the following reasons are​ newborns, infants, and the elderly more readily affected by the heat than other age​ groups? A. Inadequate salt intake B. Faster metabolism C. Increased body mass D. Poor ability to regulate body temperature

Poor ability to regulate body temperature

Which of the following may provide the EMT with an indication of physical neglect of an elderly​ patient? A. Evidence of sexual assault B. Injuries from a fall C. Poor hygiene D. Misuse of a​ person's personal belongings

Poor hygiene

A traction splint may be used on which of the following musculoskeletal​ injuries? A. Suspected multiple fractures of the​ femur, tibia, and fibula B. Possible fracture of the cervical spine C. Possible fracture of the femur D. Possible fracture of the humerus

Possible fracture of the femur

Your patient is a​ 35-year-old woman who was driving a minivan that was struck in the​ driver's side door by another vehicle. You notice that when you apply pressure to her sternum with your knuckles she extends her legs and flexes her arms and wrists. When giving your radio​ report, which of the following terms should you use to describe​ this? A. ​Cushing's reflex B. Posturing C. ​Battle's sign D. ​Tonic-clonic activity

Posturing

Your patient is a​ 55-year-old male who was found in the parking lot behind a tavern. He states that he was assaulted and robbed by three individuals. He is complaining of being​ "hit in the face and kicked and punched in his ribs and​ stomach." Your examination reveals contusions and swelling around both​ eyes, bleeding from the​ nose, a laceration of his upper​ lip, and multiple contusions of the​ chest, abdomen, and flanks. Which of the following should cause the greatest concern regarding the prehospital care of this​ patient? A. The swelling around his​ eyes, which may be reduced by applying a cold pack B. The presence of any defensive wounds the patient may have sustained C. Potential internal injuries D. Getting a description of the assailants

Potential internal injuries

Which of the following BEST describes the term crowning​? A. Delivery of the head during a breech​ birth, completing delivery B. Complete dilation of the cervix C. Presenting part of the baby being visible at the vaginal opening D. Discharge of bloody mucus

Presenting part of the baby being visible at the vaginal opening

Which of the following fractures is most common among elderly women due to​ falls? A. Distal femur B. Proximal femur C. ​Mid-shaft femur D. Pelvis

Proximal femur

You are caring for a multisystem trauma patient. Which of the following EMT interventions is most​ important? A. Rapid transport B. Complete a complete secondary physical exam C. Splint all suspected musculoskeletal injuries D. Trend vital signs

Rapid transport

A. Retreat B. Regression C. Retraction D. Repression

Regression

What is the tendency for a frightened child to act younger than his​ age? A. Retreat B. Regression C. Retraction D. Repression

Regression

Which of the following is acceptable in the management of a patient stung by a honey​ bee? A. Soak the affected area in warm water. B. Remove jewelry from any affected limbs. C. Elevate the affected site above the level of the heart to reduce swelling. D. Leave stingers in place

Remove jewelry from any affected limbs.

You are dispatched to an auto repair shop for an​ "accident." You arrive and are told by the owner that one of the workers apparently got his hand in the way while using a​ high-pressure grease gun and injected the grease into his hand. You find the patient seated in a chair with a coworker applying ice to the injured hand. Your examination reveals a minor round laceration in the hand. The patient is complaining of pain in the area but wants to let the wound take care of itself and go back to work. What should you​ do? A. Tell the patient that if it does not get better within the next few days he should consult his own doctor. B. Continue to apply​ cold, elevate and splint the​ limb, and transport the patient high priority. C. Remove the ice from the​ wound, then elevate and splint the limb. Transport the patient high priority. D. The patient is correct. This type of wound will heal on its own and he can go back to work.

Remove the ice from the​ wound, then elevate and splint the limb. Transport the patient high priority.

Your patient is a​ 2-year-old female who has suffered a seizure but does not have a previous history of seizures. The​ patient's father states that the child has been pulling at her ear and has had a fever. They were getting ready to leave for a​ doctor's appointment when the child had a brief seizure. The patient is drowsy and has​ hot, flushed skin. Which of the following is recommended in the prehospital management of this​ patient? A. Place ice packs in the​ armpits, groin, and around the head. B. Remove the​ child's clothing down to her underpants or diaper. C. Sponge the​ child's back and arms with rubbing alcohol. D. Cover the child with a towel soaked in ice water.

Remove the​ child's clothing down to her underpants or diaper.

Which of the following is the MOST common cause of cardiac arrest in the pediatric​ patient? A. Hypoglycemia B. Congenital heart defects C. Ventricular fibrillation D. Respiratory failure

Respiratory failure

Which of the following signs may signify impending cardiac arrest in a​ child? A. Pulse rate 80 in a​ 5-year-old B. Blood pressure of 105 systolic in a school age child C. Pulse rate over 120 D. Respiratory rate over 60

Respiratory rate over 60

Which of the following statements is true regarding child abuse​ injuries? A. Head injuries are usually the first sign in child abuse. B. Rib fractures in young children suggest child abuse. C. Splash burns indicate child abuse. D. Shaken baby syndrome never causes death of the infant.

Rib fractures in young children suggest child abuse.

Which of the following pieces of equipment is acceptable for use in the prehospital stabilization of suspected cervical spine​ injuries? A. Soft cervical collars B. Rigid cervical collars C. ​Five-pound sand bags D. 2double prime′′times×4double prime′′ wood cribbing

Rigid cervical collars

You have assisted in the delivery of a​ full-term infant by suctioning the mouth and nose as the head was delivered and again following complete delivery. The infant is not yet breathing. Which of the following is the correct sequence of​ interventions? A. Perform a series of back blows and chest thrusts interposed with​ mouth-to-mouth ventilation. B. Rub the​ infant's back, tap the bottom of his​ foot, begin​ bag-valve-mask ventilations, and check the pulse. C. Begin​ bag-valve-mask ventilations, suction the airway with a rigid tonsil​ tip, and begin CPR. D. Transport without further intervention.

Rub the​ infant's back, tap the bottom of his​ foot, begin​ bag-valve-mask ventilations, and check the pulse.

Heat cramps occur due to loss of which of the following​ substances? A. Water and potassium B. Water C. Magnesium D. Salt

Salt

During which stage of labor is the baby​ born? A. Third B. Primary C. First D. Second

Second

Which of the following is controlled by the left side of the​ brain? A. Movement of both lower extremities B. Movement of the left arm C. Sensation in the left arm D. Sensation of the right leg

Sensation of the right leg

Messages from the body to the brain are carried by which of the following types of​ nerves? A. Motor B. Sensory C. Skeletal D. Cranial

Sensory

Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for the use of a traction​ splint? A. Injury to the lower third of the leg that would interfere with the ankle hitch B. Avulsion or partial amputation where traction could separate the extremity. C. Severe swelling and redness at a midshaft femur D. ​Pelvis, hip, or knee injury

Severe swelling and redness at a midshaft femur

Which of the following is true concerning trauma in the pregnant​ woman? A. She may lose up to​ 35% of her blood volume before exhibiting signs of shock. B. The increase in blood volume during pregnancy makes shock an unlikely cause of death. C. The​ mother's body will preferentially protect the life of the fetus over that of the mother. D. She may lose up to​ 15% of her blood volume before exhibiting signs of shock.

She may lose up to​ 35% of her blood volume before exhibiting signs of shock.

An elderly patient who is experiencing a myocardial infarction is more likely to complain of which of the following symptoms than a younger patient​ would? A. No chest pain or shortness of breath B. Shortness of breath without chest pain C. Shortness of breath with chest pain D. A rash caused by shingles

Shortness of breath without chest pain

Which of the following is a surgically implanted drainage device that runs from the brain to the​ abdomen? A. Shunt B. Gastrostomy tube C. Central intravenous line D. Tracheostomy tube

Shunt

Which of the following statements regarding elder abuse is​ correct? A. Signs of elder abuse may be difficult to detect. B. Abused elderly patients will always have physical signs of abuse. C. EMTs should ask elderly patients to point out their abuser. D. Signs of elder abuse are usually obvious.

Signs of elder abuse may be difficult to detect.

Why is it important to keep patients at rest when they are​ hypothermic? A. Since the blood is coldest in the​ extremities, exercise or unnecessary movement could quickly circulate the cold blood and lower the core body temperature. B. Since the blood is warmest in the​ extremities, exercise or unnecessary movement could quickly circulate the warm blood and raises the core body temperature. C. Since the blood is coldest in the​ extremities, exercise or unnecessary movement could quickly circulate the cold blood and drop the blood pressure. D. None of the above

Since the blood is coldest in the​ extremities, exercise or unnecessary movement could quickly circulate the cold blood and lower the core body temperature.

Which of the following is NOT a form of elder abuse or​ neglect? A. Financial B. Social C. Psychological D. Physical

Social

The bony bumps you feel along the center of a​ person's back are known as which of the​ following? A. Vertebrae B. Transverse processes C. Foramen magnum D. Spinous process

Spinous process

Which of the following bones is found in the​ chest? A. Ilium B. Tarsals C. Metacarpals D. Sternum

Sternum

Which of the following is NOT a role of dialysis in a renal failure​ patient? A. Remove waste from the body B. Remove fluid from the body C. Stimulate blood cell production D. Filter and detoxify the blood

Stimulate blood cell production

Which of the following is an injury to the musculature of an​ extremity? A. Fracture B. Strain C. Sprain D. Luxation

Strain

Which of the following layers of the skin is the MOST important in insulating the body against heat​ loss? A. Subdural layer B. Parietal layer C. Subcutaneous layer D. Epidermis

Subcutaneous layer

When blood accumulates between the brain and the dura​ mater, what is the​ result? A. Epidural hematoma B. Subdural hematoma C. Epidural contusion D. Subdural contusion

Subdural hematoma

What is the correct terminology for a wound in which a vacuum has been created within the​ chest, drawing air into the thorax with each​ breath? A. Closed tension pneumothorax B. Gurgling chest wound C. Sucking chest wound D. Open chest wound

Sucking chest wound

You respond to a boat dock for a diving injury. You find a​ 24-year-old male patient unresponsive with frothy blood in the mouth and lung sounds absent on the right side. The patient is breathing 28 times a minute. The​ patient's friends state they were diving when he unexpectedly came out of the water complaining of chest pains and then collapsed. What is your first​ action? A. Insert an oropharyngeal airway. B. Suction the airway. C. Place the patient on​ high-concentration oxygen by​ bag-valve mask. D. Place the patient on​ high-concentration oxygen by nonrebreather mask.

Suction the airway.

You respond to a professional volleyball tournament for a potential heatstroke. Upon arrival you find a​ 28-year-old male patient seated inside the​ air-conditioned first aid trailer. He is alert and in obvious distress. He is complaining of severe cramping of his arms and legs. His vital signs are stable. What is the most likely cause of the​ cramping? A. Drinking too many sports drinks B. Cooling off too quickly C. Sweating too much D. Heat exhaustion

Sweating too much

You are dispatched to the local high school for a​ "person struck with a​ baseball." You arrive on the scene and find a​ 16-year-old male sitting on the bench. Apparently he was the pitcher and was struck in the abdominal area by a line drive ball that was hit very hard. He states that nothing is hurting except he has some mild pain in the area where he was struck. He is upset that the ambulance was called and wants to go back into the game and continue pitching. Your exam reveals nothing remarkable except mild pain when you palpate the injured area. Vital signs are normal. What is the next​ step? A. Have the coach apply cold to the area and let the pitcher back in the game if he does not get worse in the next 15 minutes. B. Tell the coach the patient is okay and he can go back into the ball game. C. Take appropriate Standard​ Precautions, apply​ high-concentration oxygen by nonrebreather​ mask, and transport the patient​ ASAP, carefully monitoring the patient during transport. D. Have the patient walk to the ambulance and take him to the ED. No other care needs to be​ provided, as there is really no significant sign of any injury.

Take appropriate Standard​ Precautions, apply​ high-concentration oxygen by nonrebreather​ mask, and transport the patient​ ASAP, carefully monitoring the patient during transport.

For the EMT who has cared for a pediatric patient in tragic​ circumstances, which of the following would be an appropriate way of dealing with stress accompanying the​ experience? A. Vent your rage in a letter to the person responsible for the​ child's circumstances. B. Get together with others who participated in the care of the child and unwind with some alcoholic beverages. C. Put the incident as your social media status and encourage others talk about it. D. Talk to a compassionate coworker who has had similar experiences in the past.

Talk to a compassionate coworker who has had similar experiences in the past.

Which one of the following definitions is NOT​ true? A. Joints are places where bones articulate. B. A sprain is the stretching and tearing of ligaments. C. Another name for manual traction is tension. D. Tendons connect muscles to ligaments.

Tendons connect muscles to ligaments.

A patient with jugular vein distention​ (JVD) is most likely suffering from which of the following​ injuries? A. Pneumothorax B. Tension pneumothorax C. Hemopneumothorax D. Hemothorax

Tension pneumothorax

Which of the following patients is at greatest risk of respiratory failure and should be carefully monitored for ventilatory status throughout treatment and​ transport? A. Flail chest B. Tension pneumothorax C. Hemopneumothorax D. Abdominal evisceration

Tension pneumothorax

Which of the following is true in regards to touching a patient who is being shocked with an automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator​ (AICD)? A. The EMT will always feel the​ shock, but it is not very painful. B. The EMT will always feel the​ shock, and it is very dangerous to the EMT as well. C. It depends on the AICD model as to whether or not the EMT can feel the shock. D. The EMT cannot feel the shock of an AICD when delivered to the patient.

The EMT cannot feel the shock of an AICD when delivered to the patient.

Which of the following is a concern when dealing with an adolescent​ patient? A. The adolescent patient fears permanent disfigurement from injuries. B. ​Physiologically, adolescents are very different from adults. C. Adolescents usually lack the sophistication to understand explanations of what you are doing and why. D. The adolescent patient will generally be more truthful about what happened in front of his parents than in front of his peers.

The adolescent patient fears permanent disfigurement from injuries.

Regarding drowning in​ adults, which of the following statements is true​? A. The warmer the​ water, the better the chances of survival in saltwater drowning. B. Colder water improves survival chances in saltwater drowning but not in freshwater drowning. C. Water temperature makes no difference in the chances of survival in either saltwater or freshwater drowning. D. The colder the​ water, the better the chances of survival in either saltwater or freshwater drowning.

The colder the​ water, the better the chances of survival in either saltwater or freshwater drowning.

Which of the following is true concerning a stillborn​ baby? A. The death may occur weeks before delivery. B. Resuscitation must always be attempted. C. Infants born in cardiopulmonary arrest should not be resuscitated. D. The parents should never be allowed to see the​ baby, especially if it has begun to deteriorate.

The death may occur weeks before delivery.

Which of the following is of concern in a patient who received burns to his hand when he grabbed a live electrical​ wire? A. The patient remains an electrocution hazard to rescuers for several minutes after being removed from the source of electricity. B. Toxic gases were inhaled. C. The extent of tissue damage may be much greater than it appears on the surface. D. The burning will continue for​ hours, perhaps days.

The extent of tissue damage may be much greater than it appears on the surface.

You are assessing an​ 83-year-old female who is having hip pain. When you count her pulse you notice that the rate is irregularly irregular. What is your treatment for this​ patient? A. The irregularity is not a reason for concern in itself. B. Alert paramedics to respond for a possible cardiac patient. C. Check distal​ circulation, sensory, and motor​ sensation, apply a pelvic​ wrap, place on a traction​ splint, and transport the patient. D. Contact medical control for permission to have the patient transported by helicopter from the scene.

The irregularity is not a reason for concern in itself.

​You're an​ off-duty EMT who encounters a patient sitting behind the wheel of a vehicle that ran off the road along an isolated county road. It appears the patient was​ unrestrained, or not wearing a seat​ belt, and struck the steering wheel with his chest. On​ assessment, you notice a paradoxical motion to the​ patient's chest on inspiration and expiration. When you radio for dispatch of an​ ambulance, which of the following pieces of information would you be sure to​ include? A. The patient may have a flail chest. B. The patient may have an abdominal evisceration. C. The patient is showing signs of abdominal bleeding. D. The patient is showing signs of an open chest injury.

The patient may have a flail chest.

You have responded to a local pool for a drowning patient. Lifeguards have pulled the patient out of the pool prior to your arrival. You find a​ 22-year-old male patient unresponsive with agonal respirations and a weak carotid pulse. Bystanders state the patient was not using the diving board and was found in the shallow end. Why are cervical spine precautions​ necessary? A. The patient may have suffered a cervical spine injury when pulled out of the water. B. The patient may have been using the diving board after all and injured his cervical spine. C. The patient may have hit his head on the side wall while swimming laps. D. The patient may have suffered a spinal injury by jumping in shallow water.

The patient may have suffered a spinal injury by jumping in shallow water.

Which of the following BEST describes placenta​ previa? A. The pregnancy is lost before the 20th week of gestation. B. The placenta is implanted over the opening of the cervix. C. The placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall. D. The umbilical cord is the presenting part.

The placenta is implanted over the opening of the cervix.

Which of the following is a description of the rule of nines for an​ adult? A. The rule of nines assigns​ 9% to the head and​ neck; 6% to each upper​ extremity; 12% to the chest and​ abdomen; 9% to the upper​ back, the lower back and​ buttocks, the front of each lower​ extremity, and the back of each lower​ extremity, then​ 1% to the genital region. B. The rule of nines assigns​ 9% to the head and​ neck, each upper​ extremity, the​ chest, the​ abdomen, the upper​ back, and the lower back and​ buttocks; 8% to the front of each lower​ extremity; and​ 10% for the back of each lower​ extremity, then​ 1% to the genital region. C. The rule of nines assigns​ 9% to the head and​ neck, each upper​ extremity, the​ chest, the​ abdomen, the upper​ back, the lower back and​ buttocks, the front of each lower​ extremity, and the back of each lower​ extremity, then​ 1% to the genital region. D. The rule of nines assigns​ 9% to the head and​ neck, as well as each upper​ extremity; 10% to the​ chest, the​ abdomen, and the upper​ back; 8% to the lower back and​ buttocks, the front of each lower​ extremity, and the back of each lower​ extremity, then​ 1% to the genital region.

The rule of nines assigns​ 9% to the head and​ neck, each upper​ extremity, the​ chest, the​ abdomen, the upper​ back, the lower back and​ buttocks, the front of each lower​ extremity, and the back of each lower​ extremity, then​ 1% to the genital region.

Which of the following BEST describes a partial thickness​ burn? A. The skin is charred or blackened and lacks sensation. B. The skin is red and moist with blister formation. C. The skin is white and dry with no sensation of pain. D. The skin is​ red, but dry and painful.

The skin is red and moist with blister formation.

Which of the following statements regarding child abuse is​ correct? A. Children with disabilities are rarely victims of abuse. B. Children without siblings are at higher risk for abuse. C. There is no distinction as to race or economic background. D. Economic abuse is a common form of child abuse.

There is no distinction as to race or economic background.

You are standing in line waiting to get a prescription filled for your mother. A woman walks in with a young boy in her arms. As she places him in a nearby​ chair, he begins to seize. Which of the following is true regarding childhood​ seizures? A. They usually last from 1 to 2 minutes. B. They are often due to a rapid rise in temperature. C. They always accompany a high fever. D. Most are due to head injuries.

They are often due to a rapid rise in temperature.

Why are infants and young children more prone to hypothermia than​ adults? A. They are unable to recognize how cold they are. B. Their immune system is not fully developed. C. They shiver more than adults. D. They have less fat than adults.

They have less fat than adults.

Which of the following is characteristic of​ preschool-age children? A. They do not mind being separated from their parents. B. They may believe their injury is a punishment for being bad. C. They are not especially embarrassed or modest about body exposure. D. They have few fears of anything.

They may believe their injury is a punishment for being bad.

What is the purpose of a tracheostomy in an ill​ patient? A. To assist the patient with feedings B. To assist the patient with sleeping C. To assist the patient with breathing D. To assist the patient with waste removal

To assist the patient with breathing

Which of the following is the correct sequence for securing the straps on a long spine​ board? A. ​Head, torso, legs B. ​Torso, legs, head C. ​Legs, torso, head D. ​Head, legs, torso

Torso, legs, head

Which of the following types of bandages should NOT be used by the EMT providing wound​ care? A. Adhesive tape B. ​Self-adherent roller gauze C. Triangular bandage D. Tourniquet

Tourniquet

Which of the following is an unreliable sign for determining the presence of a tension​ pneumothorax? A. Distended neck veins B. Trachea that shifts to the side opposite the injury C. Signs and symptoms of shock D. Shortness of breath

Trachea that shifts to the side opposite the injury

Your patient is a​ 3-year-old male who developed sudden stridor while playing with some of his​ 5-year-old cousin's toys. The patient is alert and​ anxious, producing stridor when he cries. His skin is pink and​ warm, and capillary refill is less than 2 seconds. Which of the following is appropriate in the management of this​ child? A. Attempt a finger sweep to remove the foreign body from the​ child's airway. B. Transport the child in a restrained car seat with his mother by his side. C. Perform abdominal thrusts. D. Perform back blows and chest thrusts.

Transport the child in a restrained car seat with his mother by his side.

Which of the following is the MOST common cause of death in​ children? A. Infectious disease B. Trauma C. Poisonings D. Environmental emergencies

Trauma

While treating a pregnant trauma​ patient, which of the following is the BEST way to keep the fetus​ alive? A. Transport the patient to the closest pediatric center. B. Do not put the patient on a spine board to prevent supine hypotensive syndrome. C. Do an emergency cesarean section of the fetus. D. Treat the patient as any other trauma patient.

Treat the patient as any other trauma patient.

Which of the following serious health problems is related to​ homelessness? A. Tuberculosis B. Hypertension C. Heart disease D. Liver disease

Tuberculosis

Which patient is the most​ unstable? A. Patient who only responds to verbal stimuli B. Patient responsive to painful stimuli only C. Unresponsive patient with hypotension D. Unresponsive patient with tachycardia

Unresponsive patient with hypotension

Your patient is a​ 16-year-old male who ran his truck off of the road and into a ditch. He was driving just fast enough to cause the air bag to deploy when he hit the ditch. He is complaining of some neck and shoulder pain. His vital signs are respirations​ 20, pulse​ 110, blood pressure​ 116/80, and pupils equal and reactive. How should you manage this​ patient? A. Perform a rapid extrication and spinal immobilize him on a long spine board. B. Place him on​ oxygen, and then slowly move him to the stretcher. C. Use a short spine board or vest​ device, then transfer him to a long spine board. D. Apply a cervical​ collar, and then rotate him to a long spine board.

Use a short spine board or vest​ device, then transfer him to a long spine board.

Which of the following is required in the management of all open​ soft-tissue injuries? A. Application of a disinfectant solution B. Use of Standard Precautions by the EMT C. Cervical spine precautions D. Provision of​ high-concentration oxygen

Use of Standard Precautions by the EMT

If the​ baby's head is delivered with the amniotic sac still​ intact, which of the following should be done​ first? A. Use the scissors in the obstetrics kit to cut the sac away from the​ baby's head. B. Leave the sac intact until the entire body is delivered. C. Call medical control before taking action. D. Use your fingers to tear the sac away from the​ baby's face.

Use your fingers to tear the sac away from the​ baby's face.

Your patient has had his throat slashed during a robbery attempt. You are concerned since it is apparent that the vessels in his neck have been lacerated. A breach in which of the following vessels would be most likely to lead to an air​ embolism? A. Arterioles B. Veins C. Arteries D. Capillaries

Veins

A patient uses a home ventilator connected to his tracheostomy tube to breathe. Which of the following is the correct procedure to use when moving this patient to the​ ambulance? A. Ventilate the​ patient's nose and mouth with a​ bag-valve mask at a normal rate and volume while the patient is disconnected from the ventilator. B. Do​ nothing; there is no need to ventilate the patient between the house and the ambulance. C. Ventilate the​ patient's tracheostomy tube via a connected​ bag-valve mask at a normal rate and volume while the patient is disconnected from the ventilator. D. Ventilate the patient with​ mouth-to-mask ventilations at a normal rate and volume while the patient is disconnected from the ventilator.

Ventilate the​ patient's tracheostomy tube via a connected​ bag-valve mask at a normal rate and volume while the patient is disconnected from the ventilator.

Rough handling of a patient with severe hypothermia may result in which of the​ following? A. Rewarming shock B. Ventricular fibrillation C. Heart attack D. Seizures

Ventricular fibrillation

Which of the following groups of people makes up the largest portion of the homeless​ population? A. Veterans B. Families C. Children D. Females

Veterans

Reducing the pain of a marine animal sting can be accomplished by rinsing the affected area with which of the​ following? A. Gasoline or kerosene B. Sterile saline solution C. Vinegar D. Cold water

Vinegar

Which of the following is an early sign of respiratory distress in an​ 18-month-old patient? A. Heart rate of 60 beats per minute B. Respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute C. Wheezing D. Drowsiness

Wheezing

You are dispatched to a​ 1-year-old child with respiratory distress. En​ route, you review how to assess and treat infants with respiratory problems. Which of the following would indicate an infant with respiratory​ distress? A. Abdominal movement when breathing B. Wheezing upon inspiration C. Capillary refill time of 2 seconds D. Respiratory rate of 30

Wheezing upon inspiration

At which point may manual stabilization of the cervical spine be​ terminated? A. Only when directed to do so by medical control B. When the patient is secured to a long backboard C. After a cervical collar has been applied D. After a short immobilization device has been applied

When the patient is secured to a long backboard

You are treating the amputation of three fingers on a​ 40-year-old male. The fingers were torn off while he was cleaning his snow blower. You have stopped the bleeding. What should you do with the amputated​ fingers? A. Fingers cannot be reattached so you can discard them in red bag trash. B. Place the fingers directly on ice or use cold​ packs, as they must be kept very cold. C. Because it is cold​ out, you merely need to wrap them in a 5 times× 9 dressing and give them to the staff at the ED. D. Wrap them in a sterile​ dressing, put them in a plastic​ bag, and keep them cool.

Wrap them in a sterile​ dressing, put them in a plastic​ bag, and keep them cool.

Which of the following is the easiest way for an EMT to communicate with a patient with drastic hearing​ loss? A. Use a​ TDD/TYY telephone. B. Write your questions using paper and pen. C. Speak loudly and directly into the​ patient's ear. D. Slow down your speech so that the patient can read your lips.

Write your questions using paper and pen.

You are caring for a​ 23-year-old female who fell off of a bicycle and sustained a severe laceration on the inside of her upper thigh. Her slacks are​ torn, and you can see most of the wound. What is the next​ step? A. You can treat the wound without total exposure as exposing a wound in that area of the body could be embarrassing. B. You need to expose the wound​ completely, control​ bleeding, clean the surface by simply removing large pieces of foreign matter if​ any, and dress and bandage the wound. C. You need to make sure the wound is very clean before trying to control bleeding by exposing the wound completely and cleaning it with alcohol. D. You need to expose the wound completely because you need to clear away any embedded particles and debris from the wound.

You need to expose the wound​ completely, control​ bleeding, clean the surface by simply removing large pieces of foreign matter if​ any, and dress and bandage the wound.

You are called for a possible imminent delivery. Your patient is a​ 15-year-old girl who is in your estimation about 8 months pregnant. She tells you that she has been hiding her pregnancy. You are especially concerned about problems she might have during the delivery. Which of the following are findings that may indicate the need for neonatal​ resuscitation? A. Young mother who has not had prenatal care B. Patient whose water has already broken C. Mother who has had five previous births D. Patient with a blood pressure of​ 130/82

Young mother who has not had prenatal care

Capillary refill should be assessed in which of the following age​ groups? A. Younger than 12 years B. Younger than 6 years C. ​2-years-old and younger D. Younger than 1 year

Younger than 6 years

As an adult​ ages, the body experiences changes that​ cause: A. an inability to maintain homeostasis. B. disease processes to take place. C. an increased blood pressure. D. a decreased compensatory ability.

a decreased compensatory ability.

While assessing the mental status of an elderly patient who has been retired for several​ years, you notice he has difficulty answering your questions. He seems depressed. Based on this​ information, you​ should: A. acknowledge the patients fears and try to put them in perspective. B. suspect a​ life-threatening neurological event. C. consider the need for advanced provider care. D. consider his mental status as being decreased.

acknowledge the patients fears and try to put them in perspective.

Prehospital management of the abused child includes all of the following except​: A. allowing parent to drive child to hospital. B. treating all injuries. C. reporting your findings to the emergency department staff. D. eliciting a complete history from child and parents.

allowing parent to drive child to hospital.

When interviewing the elderly​ patient, the EMT can increase the accuracy of the information he or she gains​ by: A. having his or her partner assist with asking questions. B. allowing sufficient time for the patient to answer. C. asking multiple questions at the same time. D. speaking louder than normal.

allowing sufficient time for the patient to answer.

When an elderly patient complains of abdominal​ pain, the EMT should consider this symptom to​ be: A. related to a gastrointestinal problem. B. ​cardiac-related until proven otherwise. C. ​non-life-threatening unless accompanied by other symptoms. D. an indication of a potentially serious problem.

an indication of a potentially serious problem.

When palpating the pulse of an elderly​ patient, you notice that there is an irregular pulsation without any kind of pattern or cycle to it. This is​ called: A. pulsus alternans. B. pulsus paradoxus. C. an irregularly irregular pulse. D. heart failure.

an irregularly irregular pulse.

The meatus​ is: A. the canal through which urine is discharged from the bladder to the exterior of the body. B. in a​ male, the area between the scrotum and the anus. C. the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. D. an orifice of the urethra.

an orifice of the urethra.

While palpating the radial pulses of a patient who was involved in a motor vehicle​ crash, you notice a difference in the strength of the pulses bilaterally. This is a finding that you suspect may be associated​ with: A. commotio cordis. B. aortic dissection. C. tension pneumothorax. D. flail chest.

aortic dissection.

A teenage male has fallen onto a railing while skateboarding. He complains of​ right-sided chest pain and moderate dyspnea. Exposure of the chest reveals a section of his ribs that is moving opposite of the rest of the ribs. You​ should: A. apply a bulky dressing over the section. B. roll the patient over onto his right side. C. cover the wound with an occlusive dressing. D. begin positive pressure ventilation.

apply a bulky dressing over the section.

You are called to an injured person to find a​ 27-year-old male with a laceration on his anterior forearm. Bleeding is dark​ red, steady, and fast. You should​ FIRST: A. remove the saturated dressings and apply a large trauma dressing. B. apply an ice pack over the original dressing. C. apply additional dressing material over the top of the original dressing and bandage it in place. D. apply a tourniquet.

apply additional dressing material over the top of the original dressing and bandage it in place.

You are trying to assess​ Judy, a​ 16-year-old girl, who has abdominal cramps with nausea and vomiting. Her​ mother, Mrs.​ Smith, is attempting to give you her​ daughter's past medical history. It is important that you get the history of the present illness.​ Therefore, you​ should: A. ask Mrs. Smith if there is a chance Judy could be pregnant. B. skip the history of current illness and suggest that Judy should visit her physician. C. ask Mrs. Smith to go write down their​ physician's name and phone number. D. ignore Mrs. Smith and ask Judy if she is sexually active.

ask Mrs. Smith to go write down their​ physician's name and phone number.

The part of the skeleton that is made up from the skull and spinal column is called​ the: A. torso. B. appendicular skeleton. C. boney skeleton. D. axial skeleton.

axial skeleton.

When resuscitating a hypothermic patient in cardiac​ arrest, resuscitation attempts must continue until the patient​ has: A. been ventilated for at least 30 minutes with an oropharyngeal airway​ (OPA) in place. B. developed rigor mortis. C. been rewarmed. D. been defibrillated a total of nine times.

been rewarmed.

You are treating a patient with paradoxical motion on the left side of the chest. He is breathing shallow at a rate of 4 breaths per minute. You​ should: A. begin positive pressure ventilation. B. administer 15 lpm oxygen via mask. C. roll the patient onto his left side. D. apply a bulky dressing to the chest.

begin positive pressure ventilation.

You have been called for a​ 2-year-old female who has fallen and is bleeding from a head laceration. Her mother states that she was running down the hallway when she​ fell, striking her head on a side table. You suspect that part of the reason she fell is​ that: A. her head is proportionately larger and heavier than an​ adult's. B. she has low blood​ sugar, making her unstable. C. she is still new to walking and may be unstable on her feet. D. both A and C are contributing factors.

both A and C are contributing factors.

The pathophysiology of​ ________ is one in which the pericardial sac fills with blood to the point where the chambers of the heart no longer fill​ adequately, usually secondary to trauma. A. hemopneumothorax B. commotio cordis C. cardiac tamponade D. pericardial effusion

cardiac tamponade

Your patient has a crush injury to the arm. The body can no longer perfuse the tissues against the pressure. This condition is known​ as: A. crushing syndrome. B. compartment syndrome. C. perfusing syndrome. D. fracture syndrome.

compartment syndrome.

The mechanism of injury in which a​ patient's chest has struck an immovable​ object, such as a steering​ wheel, may most accurately be described as​ a(n): A. coup contrecoup injury. B. penetrating injury. C. open trauma injury. D. compression injury.

compression injury.

The use of a​ made-up experience to replace lost memories with imaginary ones is​ called: A. confabulation. B. confusion. C. hysteria. D. denial.

confabulation.

While interviewing your​ patient, she tells you that her husband will be back from the store shortly and can get you a list of her medications. Her daughter tells you that the​ patient's husband died 15 years ago. This situation is known​ as: A. confabulation. B. hallucination. C. imagination. D. contemplation.

confabulation.

Chloe was born with a cardiac problem that she will have to manage the rest of her life. This disease is considered to​ be: A. congenital. B. acquired. C. autoimmune. D. genetic.

congenital.

Your patient has an open abdominal wound with intestines protruding. You​ should: A. cover the organs with moist sterile dressings. B. attempt to place the organs back into the abdomen. C. cover the entire abdomen with a blanket. D. leave them alone and transport rapidly.

cover the organs with moist sterile dressings.

The strong white fibrous material called the​ periosteum: A. protects the perineum. B. covers the bones. C. surrounds the abdominal cavity. D. surrounds the heart.

covers the bones.

The sound or feeling of the ends of broken bones rubbing together is​ called: A. crepitus. B. krepitus. C. breakilation. D. crapilation.

crepitus.

The elderly patient will most likely experience​ ________ as he or she continues to age. A. increased stomach acid secretion B. decreased chewing difficulty C. decreased intestinal tract movement D. increased food absorption

decreased intestinal tract movement

You are palpating the abdomen of a motor vehicle collision patient when you feel a pulsing mass. You​ should: A. defer further abdominal palpation. B. ask your partner to verify your findings. C. bind the abdomen with an elastic bandage. D. apply cold packs to the abdomen.

defer further abdominal palpation.

A segment of the body associated with a specific nerve coming from the spinal​ cord, along which shingles can​ appear, is called​ a: A. myelin sheath. B. dermatome. C. motor unit. D. zoster.

dermatome.

A condition that interferes significantly with a​ person's ability to engage in activities of daily living is referred to as​ a: A. developmental disability. B. special need. C. disability. D. physical handicap.

disability.

You are called for a woman with severe abdominal pain. During your assessment and​ interview, she tells you that she is sexually active and there is a chance she could be pregnant. Her vital signs are pulse​ 122, respirations​ 22, blood pressure​ 96/62, and skin cool and pale. You should immediately​ suspect: A. internal bleeding. B. appendicitis. C. ectopic pregnancy. D. placenta previa.

ectopic pregnancy.

You have delivered a newborn and wrapped the baby in a dry blanket. During your reassessment of the​ mother, you note continued moderate vaginal bleeding. Care for this bleeding may involve all of the following EXCEPT​: A. encourage the mother to use the bathroom if possible. B. elevating the​ mother's feet. C. massaging the uterus to control bleeding. D. Transport the mother has a​ high-priority patient.

encourage the mother to use the bathroom if possible.

When managing an electrical​ burn, the EMT​ should: A. quickly check the​ pulse, even if the patient is still in contact with the electrical source. B. ensure the scene is safe before entering. C. always attempt to remove the patient from the electrical source. D. never attempt CPR unless it is within 4 minutes of contact.

ensure the scene is safe before entering.

Your patient is a​ 3-year-old girl who is unable to move her elbow after her mother picked her up by the forearm. Proper splinting of this injury would be to immobilize from the​ ________ to the​ ________. A. ​wrist; shoulder B. ​forearm; humerus C. ​fingertips; shoulder D. ​wrist; elbow

forearm; humerus

You respond to a​ 5-year-old child who has been injured while playing in his backyard. It appears that he has broken his​ arm, but you cannot tell how it occurred. You will need to gather some information regarding what exactly happened.​ Therefore, you​ should: A. tell the child that big boys​ don't cry. B. tell the child that you will not hurt him. C. get down to the​ child's eye level to talk to him. D. speak only to the mother to find out what happened.

get down to the​ child's eye level to talk to him.

You have been called for a​ 32-year-old female who is in active labor. During your assessment and​ interview, you note that she is 37 weeks​ along, this is her first​ child, and her contractions are 5 minutes apart. She also tells you that her pregnancy is considered​ "high risk." Your first concern should​ be: A. completing a thorough secondary exam. B. getting to the hospital. C. calling for a​ back-up unit. D. assembling your delivery kit.

getting to the hospital.

You are the first on the scene of a​ two-car vehicle collision. Your patient is a front passenger who is unresponsive inside the vehicle. The patient is trapped and the vehicle is on fire. The fire department is still en route. You​ should: A. have the fire department rescue the patient. B. use your fire extinguisher to put out the fire. C. perform an emergency move. D. perform an urgent move.

have the fire department rescue the patient.

You respond to a construction site on a very hot summer day for a person​ "not acting​ right." You find a​ 44-year-old male patient seated in a work vehicle with the air conditioner on maximum. Coworkers state the patient was working for the last 2 hours pouring concrete when he started​ "speaking gibberish" and nearly collapsed. The patient is responsive to verbal stimuli. Your initial vital signs are blood pressure​ 90/60, pulse​ 136, and respiratory rate 24. The​ patient's skin is cool to the touch and​ dry, but his shirt is wet with visible salt rings. You​ suspect: A. hypernatremia. B. myocardial infarction. C. heat cramps. D. hypovolemic shock.

hypovolemic shock.

Localized cold injury occurs due to vasoconstriction​ and: A. chemical imbalance in the tissues. B. ice crystal formation in the tissues. C. blood clots. D. loss of calcium.

ice crystal formation in the tissues.

All of the following are normal parental reactions to a child suffering from a sudden​ life-threatening illness or injury except​: A. denial. B. indifference. C. guilt. D. anger.

indifference.

Common signs and symptoms following an injury to a hollow abdominal organ​ include: A. absence of unilateral pulses. B. increasing intrathoracic pressures. C. massive hemorrhage. D. irritation and peritonitis.

irritation and peritonitis.

While transporting a patient who has an indwelling Foley​ catheter, it is important to keep the collection​ bag: A. lower than the level of the patient. B. higher than the level of the patient. C. level with the patient. D. with the​ patient's caregiver.

lower than the level of the patient.

To determine the appropriate depth an EMT should insert a catheter tip into a tracheostomy tube in order to clear a blocked​ airway, the EMT​ should: A. multiply the internal diameter of the tracheal tube by 10. B. measure from the stoma to the carina. C. insert the catheter until the tip is no longer visible. D. measure against the length of the obturator.

measure against the length of the obturator.

You are transporting a resident of a nursing home to the hospital for a complaint of abdominal pain for 3 days. During your​ assessment, you note a tube protruding from the​ patient's nose, which is connected to a bag of​ milky-white fluid. This tube is known as​ a: A. ​J-tube. B. gastric tube. C. nasogastric tube. D. tracheal tube.

nasogastric tube.

You have determined that your​ patient, a​ 6-year-old boy, most likely has epiglottitis. He has developed a high fever and appears very ill. You realize that this is a serious illness and you need to handle your patient carefully. You​ should: A. give him ice chips to suck on. B. check his temperature regularly. C. not place anything in his mouth. D. have him lie down with his head elevated.

not place anything in his mouth.

You are transporting a patient who is experiencing frequent discharges of her automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator​ (AICD). En route to the hospital you are caring for the patient in the back of the ambulance. To protect yourself from being shocked if the defibrillator​ discharges, you​ should: A. wear protective gloves that cannot conduct electricity. B. not​ worry, since the defibrillator does not pose a danger to others. C. make sure you do not touch the patient directly. D. limit direct contact with the patient.

not​ worry, since the defibrillator does not pose a danger to others.

Your patient has sustained a serious laceration to his neck. He appears to have lost a lot of blood and you are considering how you will control the bleeding. Your primary treatment should be to place​ a(n): A. bulky dressing. B. ​dry, sterile dressing. C. occlusive dressing. D. pressure dressing.

occlusive dressing.

Your patient is a​ 16-year-old centerfielder on his high school baseball team. He was injured when he and the left fielder collided trying to catch a fly ball. He is disoriented and is unable to tell you what happened. His vital signs are pulse​ 88, blood pressure​ 132/86, respiratory rate​ 16, and pupils equal. As you assess his​ head, you do not see any cuts or​ bleeding, but you feel a​ spongy, depressed area over his left ear. You should suspect​ a(n): A. closed head injury. B. skull injury. C. direct injury. D. open head injury.

open head injury.

You are caring for an unconscious​ 80-year-old trauma patient. You note the patient has dentures. You first action in managing this patient should​ be: A. prepare to insert an oral airway. B. remove the dentures. C. tilt the head to a sniffing position. D. perform a jaw thrust as needed.

perform a jaw thrust as needed.

You are trying to ventilate an​ 18-month-old baby who has stopped breathing. You have laid him down on a flat surface to ventilate​ him, but you are unable to get his chest to rise. You​ should: A. tip his head back farther to open his airway. B. flex his neck toward his chest. C. place a folded towel under his shoulders. D. suction his mouth to clear secretions.

place a folded towel under his shoulders.

Your pregnant patient is in active labor. She has been lying on her back throughout her labor and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. Her vital signs are pulse rate​ 118, respirations​ 22, blood pressure​ 96/62, and skin cool and diaphoretic. The BEST way to treat her is​ to: A. place a rolled blanket under her left hip to displace the uterus. B. elevate her legs to increase the blood return to the heart. C. give her some fluids to drink to help elevate her blood pressure. D. cover her up with a blanket to maintain body heat.

place a rolled blanket under her left hip to displace the uterus.

You find a​ middle-aged male is sitting against a wall in obvious distress. The patient appears to be extremely short of breath and has an open wound to his chest that is making a sucking sound. You should​ IMMEDIATELY: A. place a trauma dressing over the wound. B. place your gloved hand over the wound. C. cover the wound with an occlusive dressing. D. place the patient on​ high-concentration oxygen.

place your gloved hand over the wound.

You are assessing a pregnant woman whose chief complaint is vaginal bleeding. She is 8 months pregnant and has​ moderate, bright red bleeding. She says that her doctor was concerned about the location of the placenta. This condition is known​ as: A. abruptio placenta. B. unstable placenta. C. placenta previa. D. placenta disruption.

placenta previa.

A​ 4-year-old child is generally categorized as​ a(n): A. adolescent. B. ​school-age child. C. toddler. D. preschooler.

preschooler.

You are at a​ friend's birthday party with people of all ages. There is an​ 11-month-old boy, just learning to stand​ up, who has fallen. He was holding onto the edge of a table and he toppled over. He is crying hard and his mother is trying to console him. She asks if you would mind checking him​ out, and you agree to take a look at him. You notice that his anterior fontanelle is bulging. This is most likely caused​ by: A. an infection causing intracranial pressure. B. fluid loss from dehydration. C. the bones of the head not fusing properly. D. pressure built up because of his crying.

pressure built up because of his crying.

You are called for a​ 6-year-old girl who is not well. Her mother says that the child has been sick for several days but today she has had trouble keeping her daughter awake. You note that the​ girl's capillary refill time is 4 seconds and she has a skin rash. The MOST important part of your assessment will be​ to: A. determine her level of consciousness. B. determine if she has a fever. C. recognize any respiratory distress. D. get a full SAMPLE history.

recognize any respiratory distress.

As a​ rule, as a child gets older the blood​ pressure: A. falls and the pulse rate rises. B. falls and the pulse rate falls. C. rises and the pulse rate rises. D. rises and the pulse rate falls.

rises and the pulse rate falls.

The most common type of burn injury suffered in the home by children​ is: A. scald. B. electrical. C. direct fire. D. chemical.

scald.

Some drawbacks to using sterile aluminum foil as an occlusive dressing​ include: A. a flutter valve is difficult to create. B. sterility cannot be ensured unless the materials were autoclaved. C. foil cannot create an airtight seal. D. skin lacerations may occur from the sharp edges.

skin lacerations may occur from the sharp edges.

As you care for an elderly patient experiencing a serious medical​ condition, you would expect any deterioration to take​ place: A. ​rapidly, with a later shift to slowly. B. ​slowly, with a later shift to rapidly. C. rapidly. D. slowly and steadily.

slowly and steadily.

Usually the first sign of respiratory distress in infants​ is: A. tachypnea. B. bradypnea. C. tachycardia. D. bradycardia.

tachypnea.

You are assessing a​ 67-year-old male patient who is experiencing a dissecting abdominal aneurysm.​ Typically, such a patient will describe the pain​ as: A. tearing. B. sharp. C. achy. D. dull.

tearing.

You are called to a home where a family has been enjoying a Labor Day picnic and swim party. A​ 2-year-boy slipped to the bottom of the pool unnoticed. By the time you​ arrive, the child has been removed from the water and family members are administering CPR. You assess the child and note that he has a weak pulse and is trying to breathe on his own. You initiate transport and continue providing positive pressure ventilations. You are also very concerned​ about: A. how the parents are handling the situation. B. the safety of the other children at the party. C. the child being hypothermic. D. the last time the child ate something.

the child being hypothermic.

You are treating a​ 5-year-old for extensive burns. You know that burns pose a greater risk to infants and children. The reason for this​ is: A. their body surface area is greater in relation to their total body size. B. the​ parents' interference with your assessment and treatment can delay your response. C. the child will likely be upset and crying and therefore hard to evaluate. D. child abuse is usually the reason for the burns.

their body surface area is greater in relation to their total body size.

You have responded to a woman who has possible premature labor. She is 8 months pregnant and is experiencing labor pains. During your​ assessment, you note that the baby is not yet crowning. You need to determine whether delivery is imminent or not. You should​ next: A. check for cervix dilation. B. time her contractions. C. complete a set of vital signs. D. check the level of the fundus.

time her contractions.

The muscular organ in which a baby develops during pregnancy is called​ the: A. fetal membrane. B. placenta. C. amniotic sac. D. uterus.

uterus.

A​ 17-year-old girl was injured when her car was struck from behind while she was stopped at a red light. She is complaining of a headache with neck and back pain. You suspect she has sustained​ a(n): A. extension injury. B. distraction injury. C. compression fracture. D. whiplash injury.

whiplash injury.

Which of the following would be an appropriate statement in gaining the cooperation of a​ 7-year-old pediatric patient during your​ assessment? A. ​"Joey, this is a splint that will help your arm feel better. I promise it​ won't hurt when I put your arm in​ it." B. ​"Katie, this is my stethoscope. I can use it to hear what your breathing sounds like. Would you like to look at it for a​ minute?" C. ​"I'm sorry​ Nick, but you​ can't see Mommy and Daddy until you let me take your blood​ pressure." D. ​"Big girls​ don't cry, Emily.​ You're a big​ girl, aren't​ you?"

​"Katie, this is my stethoscope. I can use it to hear what your breathing sounds like. Would you like to look at it for a​ minute?"

Artificial ventilations for a​ 5-year-old child should be provided at a rate of​ ________ per minute. A. ​24/28 B. ​22/26 C. ​28/32 D. ​12/20

​12/20

You are treating an unresponsive homeless patient found in an alley. During your assessment you notice bruising behind both​ ears, which is known as which of the​ following? A. ​Battle's signs B. Fatigue signs C. ​Soldier's signs D. ​Warrior's signs

​Battle's signs

What are the three elements of the Revised Trauma​ Score? A. ​GCS, systolic blood​ pressure, and respiratory rate B. Level of​ consciousness, systolic blood​ pressure, and pulse rate C. ​GCS, pulse​ rate, and respiratory rate D. ​GCS, systolic blood​ pressure, and pulse rate

​GCS, systolic blood​ pressure, and respiratory rate

What are three elements of successful trauma care that field practitioners can use which will ultimately translate into greater rates of​ survival? A. Ground​ ambulances, air​ helicopters, and trauma centers B. ​Teamwork, timing, and transport C. ​Lights, sirens, and diesel D. Physiological​ determinants, anatomic​ criteria, and mechanism of injury

​Teamwork, timing, and transport

Which of the following is LEAST common in a pedestrian child versus car​ incident? A. Spinal injuries B. ​Upper-extremity injuries C. Head injuries D. Abdominal injuries

​Upper-extremity injuries