EMT Major Exam ((CH 32-40))

A child may begin to show signs of separation anxiety as early as:

12 months

A mother who is pregnant with her first baby is typically in the first stage of labor for approximately:

16 hours

After squeezing the end of a child's finger or toe for a few seconds, blood should return to the area within:

2 seconds

An abortion occurs when the fetus and placenta deliver before:

20 weeks

A person is said to be obese when he or she is ________ over his or her ideal weight.

20% to 30%

The incubation period for Ebola can be up to:

21 days.

Preeclampsia MOST commonly occurs after the ____ week of gestation.

30th

You have just delivered a baby boy. His body is pink, but his hands and feet are blue. His heart rate is approximately 110 beats/min and his respirations are rapid and irregular. He has a weak cry when stimulated and resists attempts to straighten his legs. His Apgar score is:

8

Which of the following statements regarding a breech presentation is MOST correct?

A breech presentation occurs when the buttocks are the presenting part.

According to the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA):

All health facilities must provide a medical assessment and required treatment, regarding of the patients ability to pay

Which of the following is an indication of imminent birth?

Crowning of the baby's head

A 13-year-old child is on a home ventilator. The parents called because the ventilator is malfunctioning and the child has increasing respiratory distress. You should:

Disconnect the ventilator and use a bag-mask device

__________ rays easily penetrate through the human body and require lead or several inches of concrete to prevent penetration.

Gamma

To minimize distractions and confusion when assessing an older patient, you should:

Have only one EMT speak to the patient at a time

Signs and symptoms of preeclampsia include:

Headache and edema

Which of the following statements regarding gestational diabetes is correct?

In some cases, women with gestational diabetes require insulin injections.

Common complications associated with central venous catheters include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Rupture of a central vein

Which of the following statements regarding blast injuries is correct?

Solid organs are relatively protected from shock wave injury but may be injured during the secondary or tertiary blast phase

Airway management can be challenging in patients with Down syndrome because their:

Teeth are misaligned and they have a large tongue

Which of the following processes occurs during ovulation?

The inner lining of the uterus thickens in preparation for implantation

Which of the following observations or statements represents the "E" in the GEMS diamond?

The patient's residence is cold due to a malfunctioning heater.

Which of the following statements regarding the placenta is correct?

The placenta allows oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other products to transfer between the mother and fetus but does not allow blood to mix between the mother and fetus.

Which of the following occurs during true labor?

Uterine contractions become more regular

The EMT should expect that a patient who was exposed to cyanide will have:

a normal pulse oximetry reading

Compared to adults, infants and children are at higher risk for hypothermia for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT:

a relatively small surface area

Continual reassessment of the scene at a suspected terrorist or weapon of mass destruction incident is MOST important because:

a secondary explosive device may detonate.

The EMT must assume that any unwitnessed water-related incident is accompanied by:

a spinal injury

You receive a call for a sick person. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 75-year-old male, lying unresponsive in his bed. His respirations are slow and irregular and his pulse is slow and weak. His daughter tells you that he fell the day before, but refused to allow her to call 9-1-1. His past medical history is significant for hypothyroidism, deep vein thrombosis, heavy alcohol use, and liver cirrhosis. His medications include blood thinners and vitamins. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing:

a subdural hematoma.

Breath-holding syncope is caused by a decreased stimulus to breathe and occurs when:

a swimmer hyperventilates prior to entering the water

The EMT should suspect left-sided heart failure in the geriatric patient who presents with:

achypnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Points of distribution (PODs) are strategically placed facilities where:

antidotes, antibiotics, and vaccines are distributed.

After eating at a local restaurant, a 20-year-old male complains of blurred vision, difficulty speaking, and difficulty breathing. He is conscious; however, his respirations are profoundly labored and producing minimal tidal volume. You should:

assist his ventilations with high-flow oxygen.

Multiple people in a small town began experiencing abdominal cramps, excessive salivation and urination, and muscle twitching shortly after a small crop duster plane made several passes over the community. As you are assessing the patients, you further determine that most of them are bradycardic and have miosis. In addition to high-flow oxygen, the MOST appropriate treatment for these patients includes:

atropine and pralidoxime chloride.

When faced with a situation in which an older patient with a terminal illness is in cardiac arrest, but written documentation regarding the patient's wishes cannot be located, the EMT should:

attempt to resuscitate the patient

The vagina and the neck of the uterus comprise the:

birth canal

The diving reflex may allow a person to survive extended periods of submersion in cold water secondary to:

bradycardia and slowing of the metabolic rate

Syncope in the older patient is:

caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain.

When a warm hand is immersed in water that is 70°F (21°C), heat is transferred from the hand to the water through a process called:

conduction

All of the following snakes are pit vipers, EXCEPT for the:

coral snake

Drowning is MOST accurately defined as:

death from suffocation after submersion in water

A 10% to 20% reduction in brain weight and volume would MOST likely increase an older person's risk for:

dementia

Upon arriving at the residence of an elderly female who apparently fainted, you find the patient lying supine on her living room floor. She is not moving and her eyes are closed. A neighbor tells you that she found the patient this way, but did not move her. When you talk to the patient, she does not respond. You should:

direct your partner to manually stabilize her head while you quickly visualize her chest fir signs of breathing.

The means by which a terrorist will spread a particular agent is called:

dissemination

Which of the following medications increases a person's risk of a heat-related emergency?

diuretics

An older patient with significant dehydration would MOST likely present with:

dizziness or fainting upon standing.

The Centennial Park bombing during the 1996 Summer Olympics is an example of:

domestic terrorism

When the body loses sweat, it also loses:

electrolytes.

If a pregnant patient requires spinal immobilization, you should secure her to the backboard and then:

elevate the right side of the board with rolled towels or blankets.

After a baby is born, it is important to:

ensure it is thoroughly dried and warm

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a fire at a large office complex. Witnesses tell you that they heard a loud explosion shortly before the building caught fire. You should:

ensure that your ambulance is parked upwind and uphill from the building

High humidity reduces the body's ability to lose heat through:

evaporation

To date, the preferred weapons of mass destruction for terrorists have been:

explosive weapons.

Which of the following is the MOST common mechanism of injury in older patients?

falls

Most cases of anthrax begin with:

flulike symptoms.

All of the following terms are used to describe a cold body part that is not frozen, EXCEPT:

frostbite

Covering a patient's _________ will significantly minimize radiation heat loss.

head

All of the following are normal findings in an infant or child, EXCEPT:

head bobbing

Common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include all of the following, EXCEPT:

hot, dry skin

Which of the following is a normal physiologic change that occurs in the mother's respiratory system during pregnancy?

increased respiratory rate and decreased respiratory reserve

The leading cause of maternal death during the first trimester of pregnancy is:

internal bleeding caused by a ruptured ectopic pregnancy

To obtain the MOST accurate reading of a patient's core body temperature, you should place a special hypothermia thermometer:

into the patients rectum

In contrast to delirium, dementia:

is usually considered irreversible

A nuchal cord is defined as an umbilical cord that:

is wrapped around the baby's neck.

As you and your partner report for duty, you check your ambulance and begin talking about the possibility of a terrorist attack. The MOST effective and appropriate way to determine the likelihood of this happening is to:

know the current threat level issued by the Department of Homeland Security.

The stooped posture of some older people, which gives them a humpback appearance, is called:

kyphosis

You receive a call to a residence for a sick patient. Upon your arrival, you find the patient, a 53-year-old diabetic male, lying down on his front porch. His wife tells you that he had been mowing the lawn in the heat for the past 3 hours. The patient is confused and has hot, moist skin. His pulse is weak and thready, and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. In addition to administering 100% oxygen, you should:

load him into the ambulance and begin rapid cooling interventions

Which of the following is an early sign of pit viper envenomation?

local swelling and ecchymosis

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who is sick. The patient complains of a rash to her lower extremities and truncal area. Your assessment reveals a small, painful blister on her inner thigh. As your partner is taking the patient's vital signs, she states that she and her family returned from a camping trip two days ago. On the basis of this patient's presentation, you should suspect:

lyme disease

A frostbitten foot can be identified by the presence of:

mottling and blisters.

The venom of a black widow spider is toxic to the:

nervous system

When preparing a pregnant patient for delivery, you should position her:

on a firm surface with her hips elevated 2" to 4"

Signs and symptoms of an air embolism include all of the following, EXCEPT:

pale skin

The type and severity of wounds sustained from incendiary and explosive devices primarily depend on the:

patient's distance from the epicenter of the explosion

Autism is MOST accurately defined as a:

pervasive developmental disorder characterized by impairment of social interaction.

Before positioning an infant or child's airway, you should:

place him or her on a firm surface

Common interventions used to stimulate spontaneous respirations in the newborn include all of the following, EXCEPT:

positive-pressure ventilations

Pregnant women are advised to take iron supplements, such as prenatal vitamins, because:

pregnancy causes a decreased number of red blood cells, which predisposes the mother to anemia

Compared to adults, the liver and spleen of pediatric patients are more prone to injury and bleeding because they are:

proportionately larger and situated more anteriorly.

A patient with a core body temperature of 95°F (35°C) will MOST likely experience:

rapid breathing.

When caring for an elderly patient who is hearing-impaired, you should:

recall that elderly patients have difficulty hearing high-frequency sounds

Blood levels of medications may rise in the elderly, sometimes to toxic levels. This is MOST likely due to:

renal insufficiency

Unlike viral agents, bacterial agents:

respond to antibiotics

All of the following are vesicant agents, EXCEPT:

sarin.

An attack on an abortion clinic would MOST likely be carried out by a(n):

single-issue group.

During delivery of the baby's head, you should suction the mouth before the nose because:

suctioning the nose first may cause the baby to gasp and aspirate fluid.

Burns associated with lightning strikes are typically:

superficial

The two MOST efficient ways for the body to eliminate excess heat are

sweating and dilation of skin blood vessels

At present, the likelihood of a nuclear attack against the United States is very low because:

terrorist nations do not have the ability to deliver a nuclear weapon via missile or bomb.

When caring for a geriatric patient with a traumatic injury, it is important to consider that:

the injury may have been preceded by a medical condition

During delivery, it is MOST important to position your partner at the mother's head because:

the mother may become nauseated and vomit.

Supine hypotensive syndrome occurs when:

the pregnant uterus compresses the inferior vena cava

A "silent" heart attack occurs when:

the usual chest pain is not present.

When caring for patients with cerebral palsy, it is important to remember that:

their limbs are often underdeveloped and are prone to injury

Vigorous suctioning of a newborn's airway is indicated if:

there is meconium in the amniotic fluid

Common causes of syncope in older patients include all of the following, EXCEPT:

vasoconstriction

Rough handling of a hypothermic patient with a pulse may cause:

ventricular fibrillation

Heat loss from the body through respiration occurs when:

warm air is exhaled into the atmosphere

n determining the potential for a terrorist attack, you should routinely observe all of the following on every call, EXCEPT:

weather conditions.