EMT MIDTERM 2 TERMS TO STUDY
A 26-year-old female presents with heavy vaginal bleeding. She is conscious, but restless. Her blood pressure is 84/54 mm Hg, her pulse is 120 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. She tells you that she inserted a tampon about 2 hours ago. You should: Select one: A.administer high-flow oxygen, place a sterile pad over her vagina, keep her warm, elevate her lower extremities, and transport without delay. B.assist her ventilations with a bag-valve mask, place one sterile dressing into her vagina, perform a rapid secondary assessment, and transport. C.administer high-flow oxygen, ask her to remove the tampon, perform a detailed secondary assessment, and transport promptly. D.administer high-flow oxygen, perform a detailed assessment of her vaginal area for signs of trauma, place her on her side, and transport.
. administer high-flow oxygen, place a sterile pad over her vagina, keep her warm, elevate her lower extremities, and transport without delay.
A 29-year-old female presents with confusion and disorientation. Her respirations are rapid and shallow, and her pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. She is markedly diaphoretic and has an oxygen saturation of 89%. You should: Select one: A.provide ventilatory support. B.administer oral glucose. C.treat her for hyperglycemia. D.transport immediately.
A 29-year-old female presents with confusion and disorientation. Her respirations are rapid and shallow, and her pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. She is markedly diaphoretic and has an oxygen saturation of 89%. You should: Select one: A.provide ventilatory support. B.administer oral glucose. C.treat her for hyperglycemia. D.transport immediately.
The right coronary artery supplies blood to the: Select one: A.right ventricle and inferior wall of the left ventricle. B.left ventricle and posterior wall of the right ventricle. C.right atrium and posterior wall of the right ventricle. D.left ventricle and inferior wall of the right atrium.
A. right ventricle and inferior wall of the left ventricle.
A 67-year-old female presents with difficulty breathing and chest discomfort that awakened her from her sleep. She states that she has congestive heart failure, has had two previous heart attacks, and has been prescribed nitroglycerin. She is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. Her blood pressure is 94/64 mm Hg and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Treatment for this patient includes: Select one: A.placing her in an upright position. B.ventilations with a BVM. C.oxygen at 2 L/min via nasal cannula. D.nitroglycerin for her chest pain.
A. placing her in an upright position.
Which of the following questions is of least pertinence when determining whether a mother will deliver her baby within the next few minutes? Select one: A."Have you had a sonogram?" B."When are you due?" C."Do you feel the need to push?" D."Is this your first baby?"
A. "Have you had a sonogram?"
An abortion occurs when the fetus and placenta deliver before: Select one: A.20 weeks. B.24 weeks. C.28 weeks. D.26 weeks.
A. 20 weeks.
Which of the following signs is commonly observed in patients with right-sided heart failure? Select one: A.Dependent edema B.Labored breathing C.Pulmonary edema D.Flat jugular veins
A. Dependent edema
When assessing a patient with a medical complaint, which of the following would MOST likely reveal the cause of the problem? Select one: A.Medical history B.Primary assessment C.Baseline vital signs D.Index of suspicion
A. Medical history
Which of the following statements regarding the placenta is correct? Select one: A.The placenta allows oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other products to transfer between the mother and fetus but does not allow blood to mix between the mother and fetus. B.The placenta, also referred to as the afterbirth, provides oxygen and nutrients to the fetus and is expelled from the vagina about 30 minutes before the baby is born. C.The placental barrier consists of two layers of cells and allows the mother's blood that contains high concentrations of oxygen to directly mix with the blood of the fetus. D.The placenta allows for the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the mother and fetus but prevents most medications from passing between the mother and fetus.
A. The placenta allows oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other products to transfer between the mother and fetus but does not allow blood to mix between the mother and fetus.
It is MOST important for the EMT to remember that suicidal patients may: Select one: A.be homicidal as well. B.inject illicit drugs. C.be self-destructive. D.have a definitive plan.
A. be homicidal as well.
In anticipation of receiving a fertilized ovum, the lining of the uterine wall: Select one: A.becomes engorged with blood. B.diverts blood flow to the vagina. C.thins and begins to separate. D.sheds and is expelled externally.
A. becomes engorged with blood.
The respiratory distress that accompanies emphysema is caused by: Select one: A.chronic stretching of the alveolar walls. B.repeated exposure to cigarette smoke. C.acute fluid accumulation in the alveoli. D.massive constriction of the bronchioles.
A. chronic stretching of the alveolar walls.
You are treating a middle-aged man with chest discomfort. He has a history of three previous heart attacks and takes nitroglycerin as needed for chest pain. You have standing orders to administer aspirin to patients with suspected cardiac-related chest pain or discomfort. While your partner is preparing to give oxygen to the patient, you should: Select one: A.confirm that the patient is not allergic to aspirin, give him the appropriate dose of aspirin, and document the time and dose given. B.ensure that the patient's systolic blood pressure is at least 100 mm Hg because aspirin dilates the blood vessels and can cause a drop in blood pressure. C.contact medical control, apprise him or her of the patient's chief complaint and vital signs, and request permission to give him aspirin. D.assist the patient in taking one of his prescribed nitroglycerins, assess his vital signs, and give him aspirin if he is still experiencing chest discomfort.
A. confirm that the patient is not allergic to aspirin, give him the appropriate dose of aspirin, and document the time and dose given.
A 30-year-old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. He denies any past medical history and takes no medications. During your assessment, you hear wheezing over all lung fields. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg, and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to giving him high-flow oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is: Select one: A.epinephrine. B.albuterol. C.a beta-antagonist. D.an antihistamine.
A. epinephrine.
Common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include all of the following, except: Select one: A.hot, dry skin. B.tachycardia. C.nausea. D.dry tongue and thirst.
A. hot, dry skin.
When an auto-injector is used to give epinephrine, the primary injection site is the: Select one: A.lateral portion of the thigh. B.lateral portion of the arm. C.medial part of the buttocks. D.medial portion of the thigh.
A. lateral portion of the thigh.
When caring for a patient with an altered mental status and signs of circulatory compromise, you should: Select one: A.limit your time at the scene to 10 minutes or less, if possible. B.have a paramedic unit respond to the scene if it is less than 15 minutes away. C.transport immediately and begin all emergency treatment en route to the hospital. D.perform a detailed secondary assessment prior to transporting the patient.
A. limit your time at the scene to 10 minutes or less, if possible.
Which of the following patients would MOST likely have a delayed onset of an allergic reaction? Select one: A.A 45-year-old male who ingested penicillin B.A 30-year-old male who was stung by a bee C.A 50-year-old male who was exposed to latex D.A 21-year-old female who inhaled pollen
A.A 45-year-old male who ingested penicillin
Hepatitis B is more virulent than hepatitis C, which means that it: Select one: A.has a greater ability to produce disease. B.is less resistant to treatment. C.is a more contagious type of disease. D.leads to chronic infection after exposure.
A.has a greater ability to produce disease.
Immediately after physically restraining a violent patient, the EMT should: Select one: A.reassess the patient's airway and breathing. B.advise the patient why restraint was needed. C.document the time the restraints were applied. D.inform medical control of the situation.
A.reassess the patient's airway and breathing.
After delivery of the placenta, the mother is experiencing vaginal bleeding. After massaging the uterine fundus and allowing the mother to breastfeed, the bleeding stops. This occurred because: Select one: A.the production of oxytocin caused uterine contraction. B.breastfeeding causes uterine blood vessels to dilate. C.uterine massage increases blood flow to the uterus. D.a portion of the placenta was retained in the uterus.
A.the production of oxytocin caused uterine contraction.
Heat loss from the body through respiration occurs when: Select one: A.the core body temperature is greater than 98°F (37°C). B.warm air is exhaled into the atmosphere. C.air temperature is greater than body temperature. D.cool air is inhaled and displaces warm air.
B. warm air is exhaled into the atmosphere.
In which of the following situations would a direct ground lift be the most appropriate method of moving a patient? Select one: A.A pedestrian with back pain after being struck by a car B.A conscious patient complaining of abdominal pain C.A patient who complains of hip pain following a fall D.An unconscious patient with a possible ischemic stroke
B. A conscious patient complaining of abdominal pain
Which of the following conditions is NOT categorized as a psychiatric condition? Select one: A.Schizophrenia B.Alzheimer's disease C.Depression D.Substance abuse
B. Alzheimer's disease
While auscultating an elderly woman's breath sounds, you hear low-pitched "rattling" sounds at the bases of both of her lungs. This finding is MOST consistent with which of the following conditions? Select one: A.Early pulmonary edema B.Aspiration pneumonia C.Acute asthma attack D.Widespread atelectasis
B. Aspiration pneumonia
Your paramedic partner administers atropine to a 49-year-old male with bradycardia. Which of the following side effects would you expect the patient to experience? Select one: A.Pupillary constriction B.Dry mucous membranes C.Excessive lacrimation D.A fall in blood pressure
B. Dry mucous membranes
You are assessing a patient with respiratory distress and are unsure if the cause is congestive heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following clinical signs would be the MOST helpful in determining whether the patient has chronic heart failure or COPD? Select one: A.Cyanosis of the skin B.Jugular vein distention C.Altered mental status D.Rapid breathing
B. Jugular vein distention
A 60-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. He is conscious and alert, has pink and dry skin, and has respirations of 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. Which of the following treatments is MOST appropriate for this patient? Select one: A.Oxygen via a nasal cannula, vital signs, and prompt transport to the hospital B.Oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and a focused secondary assessment C.Assisted ventilation with a bag-valve mask and a head-to-toe exam D.Positive-pressure ventilations and immediate transport to the closest hospital
B. Oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and a focused secondary assessment
A 66-year-old woman experienced a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She has a history of type 2 diabetes and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). On the basis of her medical history, which of the following should the EMT suspect? Select one: A.Diabetic ketoacidosis B.Pulmonary embolism C.Congestive heart failure D.Severe hypoglycemia
B. Pulmonary embolism
A 30-year-old male was rescued after being lost in the woods for approximately 18 hours. The outside temperature is 30°F (−1°C). He is immediately placed in the warmed ambulance, where you perform a primary assessment. He is unresponsive, pale, and apneic. You should: Select one: A.open his airway and give two rescue breaths. B.assess for a carotid pulse for up to 60 seconds. C.apply chemical heat packs to his groin and axillae. D.apply an automated external defibrillator and assess his cardiac rhythm.
B. assess for a carotid pulse for up to 60 seconds.
In contrast to Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever: Select one: A.might be confused with rheumatoid arthritis. B.can cause paralysis and cardiorespiratory collapse. C.causes painful joint swelling after a few days or weeks. D.presents with flu-like symptoms and a bull's-eye rash.
B. can cause paralysis and cardiorespiratory collapse.
Immediately after being dispatched to a residence for an elderly patient with diabetic complications, you should: Select one: A.request that law enforcement secure the scene before you arrive. B.confirm with dispatch that you received the call information. C.ask the dispatcher to obtain a medical history from the caller. D.ask the dispatcher if the patient is conscious or unconscious.
B. confirm with dispatch that you received the call information.
You are assisting an asthma patient with his prescribed metered-dose inhaler. After the patient exhales, and before inhaling, the patient should put his or her lips around the inhaler, take a deep breath, and depress the inhale. You should: Select one: A.advise him to exhale forcefully to ensure medication absorption. B.instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can. C.immediately reapply the oxygen mask and reassess his condition. D.allow him to breathe room air and assess his oxygen saturation.
B. instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can.
Atropine sulfate and pralidoxime chloride are antidotes for: Select one: A.diphenhydramine (Benadryl). B.nerve gas agents. C.anticholinergic drugs. D.lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD).
B. nerve gas agents.
Potentially life-threatening consequences of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) include: Select one: A.uterine rupture with severe bleeding. B.ovarian abscess and ectopic pregnancy. C.ovarian cysts and gonorrhea. D.bacterial vaginosis and chlamydia.
B. ovarian abscess and ectopic pregnancy.
Your EMS team is performing CPR on a 60-year-old male in cardiac arrest. You connect the AED, push the analyze button, and receive a "no shock advised" message. You should: Select one: A.immediately assess the patient's airway. B.perform CPR for 2 minutes and reassess. C.re-analyze the patient's cardiac rhythm. D.determine if a palpable pulse is present.
B. perform CPR for 2 minutes and reassess.
An index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as: Select one: A.determining the underlying cause of a patient's medical condition based on signs and symptoms. B.your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying and unseen injuries or illness. C.ruling out specific medical conditions based on the absence of certain signs and symptoms. D.the EMT's prediction of the type of illness a patient has based on how the call is dispatched.
B. your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying and unseen injuries or illness.
A 60-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. He is conscious and alert, has pink and dry skin, and has respirations of 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. Which of the following treatments is MOST appropriate for this patient? Select one: A.Positive-pressure ventilations and immediate transport to the closest hospital B.Oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and a focused secondary assessment C.Assisted ventilation with a bag-valve mask and a head-to-toe exam D.Oxygen via a nasal cannula, vital signs, and prompt transport to the hospital
B. Oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and a focused secondary assessment
A patient whose speech is slurred and difficult to understand is experiencing: Select one: A.dysphasia. B.dysarthria. C.dysphagia. D.aphasia.
B. dysarthria.
The BEST way to prevent infection from whooping cough is to: Select one: A.ask all patients if they have recently traveled abroad. B.get vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. C.wear a HEPA mask when treating any respiratory patient. D.routinely place a surgical mask on all respiratory patients.
B. get vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.
Common signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A.persistent dry cough. B.drying of the eyes. C.abdominal cramps. D.flushing of the skin.
B.drying of the eyes.
You are assessing a 45-year-old female who is severely depressed. She states that it seems as though her entire world is crashing down around her. She further states that she has had frequent thoughts of suicide, but is not sure if she can actually go through with it. How should you manage this situation? Select one: A.Encourage the patient to remain quiet during transport. B.Leave the scene and have a neighbor check in on her. C.Ask the patient if she has developed a suicidal plan. D.Have law enforcement place her in protective custody.
C. Ask the patient if she has developed a suicidal plan.
Which of the following conditions is more common in women than in men? Select one: A.Hepatitis B.Cholecystitis C.Cystitis D.Pancreatitis
C. Cystitis
Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) would MOST likely be contraindicated in which of the following situations? Select one: A.Difficulty breathing, two-word dyspnea, and tachycardia B.Conscious and alert patient with an oxygen saturation of 85% C.Shortness of breath and a blood pressure of 76/56 mm Hg D.Pulmonary edema, history of hypertension, and anxiety
C. Shortness of breath and a blood pressure of 76/56 mm Hg
Albuterol is a generic name for: Select one: A.Alupent. B.Atrovent. C.Ventolin. D.Singulair.
C. Ventolin.
Which of the following signs or symptoms would the EMT MOST likely encounter in a patient with new-onset type 1 diabetes? Select one: A.Total lack of appetite B.Low blood glucose level C.Weight loss and polyuria D.Weight gain and edema
C. Weight loss and polyuria
You are dispatched to a residence for a 67-year-old female who was awakened by shortness of breath and sharp chest pain. Her husband tells you that she was recently discharged from the hospital after having hip surgery. Your assessment reveals dried blood around her mouth, facial cyanosis, and an oxygen saturation of 88%. You should suspect: Select one: A.spontaneous pneumothorax. B.acute pulmonary edema. C.acute pulmonary embolism. D.right-sided heart failure.
C. acute pulmonary embolism.
The posterior tibial pulse can be palpated: Select one: A.in the fossa behind the knee. B.between the trachea and the neck muscle. C.behind the medial malleolus, on the inside of the ankle. D.on the dorsum of the foot.
C. behind the medial malleolus, on the inside of the ankle.
General guidelines for managing a patient with a behavioral emergency include: Select one: A.firmly identifying yourself as an EMS provider. B.allowing the patient to be alone if he or she wishes. C.being prepared to spend extra time with the patient. D.placing the patient between yourself and an exit.
C. being prepared to spend extra time with the patient.
Patients with uncontrolled diabetes experience polyuria because: Select one: A.they drink excess amounts of water due to dehydration. B.low blood glucose levels result in cellular dehydration. C.excess glucose in the blood is excreted by the kidneys. D.high blood sugar levels cause permanent kidney damage.
C. excess glucose in the blood is excreted by the kidneys.
You are dispatched to an apartment complex where a 21-year-old female has apparently overdosed on several narcotic medications. She is semiconscious and has slow, shallow respirations. You should: Select one: A.apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask and transport at once. B.insert an oropharyngeal airway and perform oral suctioning. C.insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisted ventilation. D.place her in the recovery position and monitor for vomiting.
C. insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisted ventilation.
Pregnant women are advised to take iron supplements, such as prenatal vitamins, because: Select one: A.iron makes the blood clot faster, which protects the mother from excessive bleeding during delivery. B.white blood cells decrease during pregnancy, which increases the mother's risk of an infection. C.pregnancy causes an increased number of red blood cells, which predisposes the mother to anemia. D.the blood naturally thins during pregnancy, which predisposes the mother to severe bleeding.
C. pregnancy causes an increased number of red blood cells, which predisposes the mother to anemia.
When caring for a patient experiencing excited delirium, the EMT should remember that: Select one: A.lights and siren are effective in redirecting the patient's behavior. B.excited delirium is worsened by nervous system depressant drugs. C.sudden death can occur if the patient's violence is not controlled. D.most patients will have low blood pressure and hyperglycemia.
C. sudden death can occur if the patient's violence is not controlled.
A person who routinely misuses a substance and requires increasing amounts to achieve the same effect is experiencing: Select one: A.withdrawal. B.dependence. C.tolerance. D.addiction.
C. tolerance.
Acute pulmonary edema would MOST likely develop as the result of: Select one: A.an upper airway infection. B.severe hyperventilation. C.toxic chemical inhalation. D.right-sided heart failure.
C. toxic chemical inhalation.
The principal clinical difference between a stroke and hypoglycemia is that patients with hypoglycemia: Select one: A.always take oral medications to maintain normal blood glucose levels. B.are typically alert and attempt to communicate with health care providers. C.usually have an altered mental status or decreased level of consciousness. D.do not present with slurred speech or weakness to one side of the body.
C. usually have an altered mental status or decreased level of consciousness.
Ten days after treating a 34-year-old patient with tuberculosis, you are given a tuberculin skin test, which yields a positive result. This MOST likely indicates that: Select one: A.you contracted the disease by casual contact instead of exposure to secretions. B.you are actively infected with tuberculosis and should be treated immediately. C.you were exposed to another infected person prior to treating the 34-year-old patient. D.the disease is dormant in your body, but will probably never cause symptoms.
C. you were exposed to another infected person prior to treating the 34-year-old patient.
Which of the following statements regarding agonal respirations is correct? Select one: A.Agonal respirations result in excessive tidal volume. B.Agonal respirations are characterized by fast, irregular breaths. C.Agonal respirations are ineffective and need to be assisted. D.Agonal respirations typically occur before the heart stops.
C.Agonal respirations are ineffective and need to be assisted.
Which of the following statements regarding pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is correct? Select one: A.The most common presenting symptom of PID is generalized upper abdominal pain. B.PID most commonly affects women who have had an ectopic pregnancy in the past. C.PID can scar the fallopian tubes, which increases the risk of an ectopic pregnancy. D.The most severe cases of PID occur in women who are not sexually active.
C.PID can scar the fallopian tubes, which increases the risk of an ectopic pregnancy.
You are assessing a conscious 55-year-old male with a sudden change in behavior. Which of the following clinical findings would be MOST suggestive of dysfunction of this patient's central nervous system? Select one: A.Excessive tearing or crying B.Consistent eye contact C.Rapid eye movement D.An irregular pulse
C.Rapid eye movement
Your primary assessment of an elderly woman reveals that she is conscious and alert, but is experiencing difficulty breathing. She has a history of emphysema, hypertension, and congestive heart failure. As you assess the patient's circulatory status, you should direct your partner to: Select one: A.assess her oxygen saturation and blood pressure. B.retrieve the stretcher and prepare for transport. C.administer oxygen with the appropriate device. D.perform a head-to-toe secondary assessment.
C.administer oxygen with the appropriate device.
The MOST common and significant complication associated with an acute abdomen is: Select one: A.high fever. B.internal bleeding. C.peritonitis. D.severe pain.
C.peritonitis.
When administering epinephrine via auto-injector, you should hold the injector in place for: Select one: A.15 seconds. B.8 seconds. C.10 seconds. D.3 seconds.
D. 3 seconds.
EMTs are dispatched for a teenage male who is "not acting right." When they arrive, they are informed that the patient was huffing. Several cans of Freon are found near the patient. Which of the following is a unique consideration for this patient? Select one: A.Oxygen will not increase the patient's oxygen saturation. B.The pulse oximeter will yield a falsely elevated reading. C.Encouraging walking will help eliminate Freon from the body. D.A sudden adrenaline release can cause a fatal dysrhythmia.
D. A sudden adrenaline release can cause a fatal dysrhythmia.
Which of the following statements regarding the physical examination of a patient with a behavioral problem is correct? Select one: A.It is only appropriate to perform a physical examination on a patient with a behavioral problem if he or she is unconscious or is being physically restrained. B.Performing a physical examination on a patient with a behavioral problem will likely cause him or her to become violent and should be avoided in the field. C.The physical examination of a patient with a behavioral problem often yields crucial information and should always be performed, even if the patient is violent. D.Although the physical exam can be difficult, the patient's emotional state may be determined by noting facial expressions, pulse rate, and respirations.
D. Although the physical exam can be difficult, the patient's emotional state may be determined by noting facial expressions, pulse rate, and respirations.
Which of the following conditions would MOST likely lead to pelvic inflammatory disease if left untreated? Select one: A.Ovarian cysts B.Ectopic pregnancy C.Genital herpes D.Chlamydia
D. Chlamydia
Which of the following medication routes would be the MOST appropriate to use in an unresponsive patient when intravenous access cannot be obtained? Select one: A.Transcutaneous B.Subcutaneous C.Intramuscular D.Intraosseous
D. Intraosseous
You are assessing a 49-year-old man who, according to his wife, experienced a sudden, severe headache and then passed out. He is unresponsive and has slow, irregular breathing. His blood pressure is 190/94 mm Hg, and his pulse rate is 50 beats/min. His wife tells you that he has hypertension and diabetes. He has MOST likely experienced: Select one: A.a complex partial seizure. B.an occluded cerebral artery. C.acute hypoglycemia. D.a ruptured cerebral artery.
D. a ruptured cerebral artery.
It is most important to determine a patient's weight when asking questions pertaining to a toxic ingestion because: Select one: A.naloxone is contraindicated if the patient is very obese. B.this will allow you to determine if the exposure is lethal. C.you might need additional lifting and moving assistance. D.activated charcoal is given based on a patient's weight.
D. activated charcoal is given based on a patient's weight.
Delirium tremens (DTs) is a syndrome associated with withdrawal from: Select one: A.cocaine. B.sedatives. C.opioids. D.alcohol.
D. alcohol.
After ensuring his or her own safety, the EMT's next priority when caring for a patient with a behavioral emergency is to: Select one: A.diagnose the patient's problem and provide definitive treatment. B.determine the underlying cause of the problem and offer advice. C.transport the patient directly to a specialized psychiatric facility. D.assess the patient's response to his or her environment.
D. assess the patient's response to his or her environment.
The EMT should assess for hypoglycemia in small children with a severe illness or injury because: Select one: A.a child's cells do not uptake glucose as rapidly as adults' do. B.illness or injury causes the pancreas to produce less insulin. C.children overproduce insulin during severe illness or injury. D.children cannot store excess glucose as effectively as adults.
D. children cannot store excess glucose as effectively as adults.
All of the following terms refer to a body part that is cold but not frozen, except: Select one: A.immersion foot. B.frostnip. C.trench foot. D.frostbite.
D. frostbite.
You and your partner are standing by at a large social event at a river resort when a frantic woman tells you that she found a young male floating face-down in the water. Nobody claims to have witnessed the event. After you and your partner enter the water and reach the patient, you should: Select one: A.open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver. B.immediately secure him to a longboard. C.begin ventilations with a barrier device. D.move him as a unit to a supine position.
D. move him as a unit to a supine position.
Prior to assisting a patient with his or her prescribed nitroglycerin, the EMT must: Select one: A.wait at least 5 minutes after assessing the blood pressure. B.determine who prescribed the nitroglycerin. C.ensure the medication is in tablet form. D.obtain authorization from medical control.
D. obtain authorization from medical control.
In contrast to AMI, a dissecting aortic aneurysm: Select one: A. is more commonly associated with pressure in the chest. B. is typically preceded by other symptoms, such as nausea. C. usually presents gradually, often over a period of hours. D. often presents with pain that is maximal from the onset.
D. often presents with pain that is maximal from the onset.
The right coronary artery supplies blood to the: Select one: A.left ventricle and posterior wall of the right ventricle. B.left ventricle and inferior wall of the right atrium. C.right atrium and posterior wall of the right ventricle. D.right ventricle and inferior wall of the left ventricle.
D. right ventricle and inferior wall of the left ventricle.
Signs and symptoms of a sympathomimetic drug overdose include: Select one: A.slurred speech. B.hypothermia. C.hypotension. D.tachycardia.
D. tachycardia.
Prompt transport of a patient with a suspected AMI is important because: Select one: A.nitroglycerin can only be given in the emergency department. B.many patients with an AMI die within 6 hours. C.90% of the cardiac cells will die within the first 30 minutes. D.the patient may be eligible to receive thrombolytic therapy.
D. the patient may be eligible to receive thrombolytic therapy.
A patient who is experiencing aphasia is: Select one: A.usually conscious but has slurred speech. B.experiencing a right hemispheric stroke. C.not able to swallow without choking. D.unable to produce or understand speech.
D. unable to produce or understand speech.
A young female is unconscious after intentionally ingesting a large amount of aspirin. You will MOST likely find her respirations: Select one: A.slow and shallow. B.slow and deep. C.rapid and shallow. D.deep and rapid.
D. deep and rapid.
Which of the following clinical signs would necessitate the administration of naloxone (Narcan) in a suspected narcotic overdose? Select one: A.Extreme agitation B.Tachycardia C.Hypertension D.Slow respirations
D.Slow respirations
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term used to describe: Select one: A.the warning signs that occur shortly before a heart attack. B.the exact moment that a coronary artery is completely occluded. C.a severe decrease in perfusion caused by changes in heart rate. D.a group of symptoms that are caused by myocardial ischemia.
D.a group of symptoms that are caused by myocardial ischemia.
An infectious disease is MOST accurately defined as: Select one: A.any disease that enters the body via the bloodstream and renders the immune system nonfunctional. B.a disease that can be spread from one person or species to another through a number of mechanisms. C.the invasion of the human body by a bacterium that cannot be destroyed by antibiotics or other drugs. D.a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body.
D.a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body.
Medications encased in a gelatin shell that are taken by mouth are called: Select one: A.tablets. B.caplets. C.pills. D.capsules.
D.capsules.
When assessing an unresponsive diabetic patient, the primary visible difference between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia is the: Select one: A.rate and depth of breathing. B.presence of a medical identification tag. C.rate of the patient's pulse. D.patient's mental status.
D.patient's mental status.
An EMT's primary responsibility to the patient who has been poisoned is to: Select one: A.administer 25 g of activated charcoal. B.administer the appropriate antidote. C.contact poison control immediately. D.recognize that a poisoning occurred.
D.recognize that a poisoning occurred.
You are treated a 62-year-old man with a history of angina pectoris. He is complaining of crushing chest pain and shortness of breath. He has a prescription for nitroglycerin but no prescription for aspirin. Which of the following is true about aspirin administration? Select one: a. Aspirin should not be administered without a prescription b. Aspirin should be administered only if nitroglycerin is also administered. c. Aspirin should be administered only if nitroglycerin is not administered. d. Aspirin should be administered
a. Aspirin should not be administered without a prescription
You are treating a 23-year-old female with type 1 diabetes. She took too much of her insulin and now has a blood glucose level of 28 mg/dL and a GCS of 7. How should you administer glucose to this patient? Select one: a. Do not administer glucose b.Buccally c. Orally d. Rectally
a. Do not administer glucose b.Buccally
You are treating a 58-year-old diabetic female who took too much insulin and developed altered metal status. After giving 3 tubes of glucose, the patient's mental status improves. The patient says she does not want to be transported to the hospital. How should you proceed? Select one: a. The patient had altered mental status. She cannot refuse transport. b. Advise the patient that her blood sugar may increase dangerously after 3 tubes of glucose given her history of diabetes. c. The patient is alert and oriented. Allow her to refuse transport if she chooses. d. Advise the patient that her blood sugar may decrease again without further monitoring and care.
b. Advise the patient that her blood sugar may increase dangerously after 3 tubes of glucose given her history of diabetes.
A COPD patient has been prescribed a Duoneb (albuterol/ipratropium) nebulizer for home use. In addition to an adrenergic agonist, which of the following does this medication contain? Select one: a. An adrenergic antagonist b. An anticholinergic agent c. A second adrenergic agonist d. A cholinergic agonist
b. An anticholinergic agent
What are the signs and symptoms of the opioid toxidrome? Select one: a. CNS depression, hypoventilation, dilated pupils b. CNS depression, hypoventilation, constricted pupils c. CNS stimulation, hypoventilation, constricted pupils d. CNS depression, hyperventilation, constricted pupils
b. CNS depression, hypoventilation, constricted pupils
You are treating a 66-year-old male patient for suspected ACS. His cardiologist has prescribed a daily aspirin, nitroglycerin as needed, and metoprolol. On further history taking, you learn his primary care physician has prescribed lisinopril, atorvastatin, and tedalafil. He has taken all of these medications today except for his nitroglycerin. How should you proceed? Select one: a. Administer the nitroglycerin after confirming his vital signs do not contra-indicate it. b. Do not administer the nitroglycerin because it is contra-indicated based on treatment provided by his primary care physician. c. Do not administer the nitroglycerin because the metoprolol may prevent his heart rate from compensating for the effect of the nitroglycerin. d. Administer the nitroglycerin since it is prescribed by his cardiologist.
b. Do not administer the nitroglycerin because it is contra-indicated based on treatment provided by his primary care physician.
In addition to its primary action, aspirin is a/an: Select one: a. Bronchoconstrictor b. NSAID c. Vasodilator d. ACE-inhibitor
b. NSAID
A 56-year-old male presents with exertional, crushing, substernal chest pressure for the last 30 minutes. He is mildly nauseated and had one episode of vomiting a coffee ground like substance yesterday. What is the appropriate dose of aspirin to give this patient? Select one: a. 81 mg b.None. Aspirin is contra-indicated. c. None. Aspirin is not indicated. d.324 mg
b. None. Aspirin is contra-indicated.
You are treating a 25-year-old woman with a history of asthma. She is prescribed Proventil (albuterol) and Advair (fluticasone/salmeterol) MDIs and has both with her. Which of the following is true about administering these medications? Select one: a. You should not administer either medication because the albuterol and almeterol have the same mechanism of action and could interact. b. You should administer only the Proventil. c. You should administer the Proventil and ensure ALS comes to administer the Advair. d. You should administer both since they are prescribed to help with her asthma.
b. You should administer only the Proventil.
You are managing a newborn baby boy whose mother used heroin throughout the pregnancy. The newborn is now having an opioid related seizure. How should this be managed? Select one: a. Administer half the usual dose of naloxone and titrate to stop the seizure b. Administer intranasal naloxone c. Do not administer naloxone at all d. Administer intramuscular naloxone
c. Do not administer naloxone at all
Just after delivering a newborn, you ass that the baby has cyanosis of the whole body, a pulse of 88 bpm, grimaces some but does not cry when stimulated, does not resist straightening of its legs, and is only gasping weakly. What are the next appropriate actions to care for the newborn? Select one: a. Dry, warm, and stimulate the newborn. Suction the airway thoroughly. Administer blow-by oxygen. b. Dry, warm, and stimulate the infant. No further action is needed. c. Dry, warm, and stimulate the newborn. Begin positive pressure ventilation. d. Dry, warm, and stimulate the newborn. Begin ventilations and chest compressions.
c. Dry, warm, and stimulate the newborn. Begin positive pressure ventilation.
A newborn at 1 minute old has an Apgar score of 2. What is the significance of this? Select one: a. Low 1 minute Apgar scores predict the newborn will not survive and newborn care can stop b. Low 1 minute Apgar scores are worrying and the newborn is at high risk c. Low 1 minute Apgar scores are common and the newborn will likely improve with appropriate care d. Low 1 minute Apgar scores are common and no specific action is needed
c. Low 1 minute Apgar scores are common and the newborn will likely improve with appropriate care
You are treating a 60-year-old female patient with a history of heart failure. She presents with severe dyspnea, tripoding, crackles heard on auscultation of all lung fields. Her vital signs are RR 28 bpm, Sp)2 87 % on non-rebreather mask, HR 110 bpm, BP 158/96. She has prescriptions for hydrochlorothiazide and nitroglycerin. Which may you administer? Select one: a. Hydrochlorothiazide b. Both c. Neither d. Nitroglycerin
d. Nitroglycerin