End of Chapter 7 Quiz: Memory

In Elizabeth Loftus's "lost in the mall" study, approximately what percentage of people distinctly remembered being lost in a shopping mall after being told that this had happened to them, even though it did not really happen? 67 percent 10 percent 25 percent 32 percent

25 percent

__________ allows you to remember auditory stimuli for up to 5 or 10 seconds. Echoic memory Recovered memory Iconic memory Eidetic memory

Echoic memory

ZAK, BOL, GID, YAF, and other nonsense syllables were used in some of the earliest studies of memory, conducted by __________. Herman von Helmholtz Arnold Swanson Martin Barre Hermann Ebbinghaus

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Which of the following statements is true? Recovering repressed memories is like rewinding a videorecording of one's life events. It is easier to implant a false memory that is plausible than one that is implausible. It is easier to implant a false memory from the recent past than a false memory from the distant past. It is nearly impossible to implant a false memory in a person unless the person is high in suggestibility.

It is easier to implant a false memory that is plausible than one that is implausible.

What is the general progression of memory loss for patients with Alzheimer's disease? Older memories are more easily corrupted, whereas recent memories remain intact. Short-term memory disappears within a month of diagnosis. Memory loss is random, haphazard, and unpredictable. Memory for recent events fades first, with distant memories usually being the last to go.

Memory for recent events fades first, with distant memories usually being the last to go.

That frustrating feeling of knowing you know something but cannot pull it out of your brain at the moment you want it is known as the TOT phenomenon, because __________. TOT stands for Too Old to Think it primarily happens to very young children or "tots" it was identified by the research team of Tattinger, Osprey, and Thomas TOT stands for "tip-of-the-tongue"

TOT stands for "tip-of-the-tongue"

Without even noticing that you are doing it, what memory technique do you use to remember larger quantities of information, even though your short-term memory capacity only holds about nine bits of information? elaborative rehearsal the Magic Number technique chunking depth of processing

chunking

Unintentional plagiarism has been attributed to __________, which occurs when someone says they forgot having been exposed to the plagiarized material earlier and thought they had created it themselves. misinformation effect suggested memory cryptomnesia monitoring failure

cryptomnesia

The two primary reasons why short-term memories fade are __________ and __________. reversal; proaction intrusion; obstruction substitution; migration decay; interference

decay; interference

There are various techniques available to help people improve their ability to recall material. For example, when you remember something new by connecting it mentally to something you already know, you are using __________. distributed study levels of processing elaborative rehearsal a mnemonic device

elaborative rehearsal

More than 300 convicted prisoners to date have been released because DNA evidence showed they were innocent, despite confident testimony from __________. prosecutors psychologists eyewitnesses forensic specialists

eyewitnesses

Although it is presented as the most common kind of memory loss in the popular media, with depictions of someone losing all memory of his or her past, __________ is not actually the most common kind of amnesia. infantile amnesia generalized amnesia anterograde amnesia retrograde amnesia

generalized amnesia

The connections among neurons gradually strengthen over time, and do so by means of repetitive stimulation. This process is known as __________. long-term potentiation lateral processing connective synchrony elaborative rehearsal

long-term potentiation

A memory that is actually false but "feels real" and can be triggered by, for example, looking at a list of associated words, is called a(n) __________. memory illusion active reconstruction representative heuristic paradoxical memory

memory illusion

Jakob is a young child who is developing some understanding of what he can remember and what kinds of things are difficult to remember. He is beginning to understand comprehension. learning. habituation. meta-memory.

meta-memory.

Dee Dee has to remember 4 items that he needs at the corner market, so he visualizes the path he will take to get there. He imagines a bar of soap hanging from a large tree, envisions a roll of paper towels next to a stoplight, "sees" a packet of gum on the newspaper rack, and imagines the fire hydrant spurting out soda. Which memory strategy is Dee Dee relying on? means-end analysis keyword technique method of loci pegword technique

method of loci

During an experiment, Hans is exposed to the word "yellow" a number of times. In later trials, Hans can respond faster to the stimulus of a "banana" because of this prior training. This is called habituation. priming. sensitization. conditioning.

priming.

What capacity of memory is being measured by a multiple-choice exam? retrieval recall relearning recognition

recognition

Wilt is using one of the processes of memory as he takes his exam. He reads the question and then must come up with the correct response. He is using __________ to find the information he needs to succeed. mnemonics schemas retrieval pegword

retrieval

When you are asked to think about a car, you think about a sedan with four wheels that can get you from place to place. In your mind, the sedan is your __________ of a car. schema engram mnemonic reconstruction

schema

Although using __________ can sometimes lead to mistakes, they provide us with a frame of reference for interpreting new situations. storage menus schemas interpretive expectations disambiguation tables

schemas

Zhenya remembers that St. Paul is the capital of Minnesota. Alina remembers that she lived in St. Paul when she was 12 years old. Zhenya is demonstrating __________ memory, whereas Alina is demonstrating __________ memory. semantic; episodic procedural; semantic episodic; semantic semantic; procedural

semantic; episodic

George Sperling's partial report method studies from the 1960's demonstrated that when a display of 12 letters was viewed, participants retained all of the letters in __________ but not all of them could be transferred to short-term memory. explicit memory episodic memory semantic memory sensory memory

sensory memory

David has recalled a memory, though he is not sure where that memory came from. He is not sure if he dreamed it or if it happened. He begins using cues like how vivid the memory is and how detailed the memory is to try to determine where the memory came from. He is using __________ to determine if this memory is real. initial recollection considered recollection source monitoring cryptomnesia

source monitoring