Endocrine Practice Questions, Endocrine
A patient with hypothyroidism is having pain 6 on 1-10 scale in the right hip due to recent hip surgery. Which of the following medications are NOT appropriate for this patient? Select all that apply: A. Fentanyl B. Tylenol C. Morphine D. Dilaudid
A. Fentanyl C. Morphine D. Dilaudid
A RN has a pt w/ Addison's disease taking hydrocortisone for 8 yrs. What is most important to notify the provider of? 1. Low grade fever 100.4 F 2. Blood pressure 140/90 3. Mild increase in fasting blood glucose 4. Weight gain of 6lb in 3 months
1. Low grade fever 100.4 F
The nurse provides care for a client who is diagnosed with Addison disease. Which clinical manifestation does the nurse anticipate for this client due to primary adrenocortical insufficiency? Select all that apply. 1. Skin color that is tanned in appearance. 2. Anorexia and weight loss. 3. Increased body or facial hair. 4. Orthostatic hypotension. 5. Purple or red striae on the abdomen.
1. Skin color that is tanned in appearance. 2. Anorexia and weight loss. 4. Orthostatic hypotension.
The nurse is preparing to care for four clients. In which order should the nurse plan to attend to the clients? 1. The client following a thyroidectomy who has hoarseness and an O2 sat of 86%. 2. The client with hyperparathyroidism with a serum calcium level of 10.1mg/dL. 3. The client with diabetes insipidus drinking frequently and asking for more cold water. 4. The client with hyperthyroidism who has a temperature of 102.2 and tachycardia.
1. The client following a thyroidectomy who has hoarseness and an O2 sat of 86%. 4. The client with hyperthyroidism who has a temperature of 102.2 and tachycardia. 3. The client with diabetes insipidus drinking frequently and asking for more cold water. 2. The client with hyperparathyroidism with a serum calcium level of 10.1mg/dL.
One month after being discharged from a thyroidectomy, the clinic nurse evaluates that the client's levothyroxine dose is too low when which findings are noted on assessment? Select all that apply. 1. Increased appetite 2. Decreased sweating 3. Apathy and fatigue 4. Parasthesias 5. Finger and tongue tremors 6. Slowed mental processes
2. Decreased sweating 3. Apathy and fatigue 6. Slowed mental processes
What main nursing goal do you want for your patient who has diabetes insipidus? 1. Weight gain 2. Fluid and electrolyte balance 3. Decrease N/V 4. Decrease hypotension
2. Fluid and electrolyte balance
The RN cares for a pt w/ confusion. The pt has a lung mass & is admitted with SIADH. Which actions are anticipated? SATA 1. Normal saline fluid bolus 2. Fluid restriction 3. Salt restriction in the diet 4. Seizure precautions
2. Fluid restriction 4. Seizure precautions
The client newly diagnosed with hyperthyroidism has a fever of 101.3 degrees Fareinheit. Which additional assessment findings should the nurse identify as those associated with thyroid storm? Select all that apply. 1. Hypoventilation 2. HR 140bpm 3. Diarrhea lasting 4 days 4. Periorbital edema 5. Recent tooth extraction
2. HR 140bpm 3. Diarrhea lasting 4 days 5. Recent tooth extraction
A client diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) exhibits polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Upon assessment the client has a temperature of 102.6 F (39.2 C), acetone breath, deep respirations at a rate of 28 per minute with dry, cracked lips. Which is the priority nursing diagnosis for this client? 1. Risk for infection. 2. Deficient knowledge. 3. Fluid volume deficit. 4. Imbalanced nutrition.
3. Fluid volume deficit.
The agitated client is hospitalized with tachycardia, dyspnea, and intermittent chest palpitations. The client's BP is 170/110mmHg and HR is 130bpm. The client's health history reveals thinning hair, recent 10-lb weight loss, increased appetite, fine hand and tongue tremors, hyperreflexic tendon reflexes, and smooth moist skin. Which prescribed intervention should be the nurse's priority? 1. Do 12-lead EKG and cardiac enzyme levels. 2. Obtain thyroid stimulating hormone and T4 levels. 3. Give propranolol 2mg IV q15min or until symptoms are controlled. 4. Give propylthiouracil 600-mg oral loading dose; then 200mg orally q4h.
3. Give propranolol 2mg IV q15min or until symptoms are controlled.
Your patient has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion where excess ADH is released but not because your body needs it, this can result in water intoxication and hyponatremia which orders would you question the doctor about? 1. Fluid restriction: limit to 1000 ml per day 2. Suck on hard candies, ice chips, sugarless gum to help decrease thirst 3. Low sodium/ Low potassium diet 4. Take Demeclocycline on empty stomach
3. Low sodium/low potassium diet You actually want a high sodium high potassium diet. You are on fluid restrictions!!!!!! You should take demeclocycline on an empty stomach
The nurse assesses that the client diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome has an irregular HR, right arm ecchymosis, 4+ pitting edema in the legs, and a blood glucose of 140mg/dL. Which action should be the nurse's priority? 1. Weigh the client again. 2. Administer insulin as prescribed. 3. Notify the health care provider. 4. Measure the client's abdominal girth.
3. Notify the health care provider.
Which assessment finding should the nurse expect when providing care for a client who is diagnosed with Addison disease? Select all that apply. 1. Dark, velvety patches on the skin. 2. Excessive hair growth on the back, chest, face. 3. Skin hyperpigmentation. 4. Muscle weakness. 5. Thin extremities. 6. Weight loss.
3. Skin hyperpigmentation. 4. Muscle weakness. 6. Weight loss.
Nurse Louie is developing a teaching plan for a male client diagnosed with diabetes insipidus. The nurse should include information about which hormone lacking in clients with diabetes insipidus? A. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH). B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). C. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). D. Luteinizing hormone (LH).
A. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
Which outcome indicates that treatment of a male client with diabetes insipidus has been effective? A. Fluid intake is less than 2,500 ml/day. B. Urine output measures more than 200 ml/hour. C. Blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. D. The heart rate is 126 beats/minute.
A. Fluid intake is less than 2,500 ml/day. Diabetes insipidus is characterized by polyuria (up to 8 L/day), constant thirst, and an unusually high oral intake of fluids. Treatment with the appropriate drug should decrease both oral fluid intake and urine output. It is essential to replete fluid losses in diabetes insipidus, as some patients may have thirst impairment and will not respond adequately to water intake.
A patient has an infection and reports not checking their blood glucose or regularly taking Metformin. What condition is this patient MOST at risk for? A. HHNS B. DKA C. Metabolic alkalosis D. Metabolic acidosis
A. HHNS
A patient's calcium level is 6.9. Which of the following is a nursing priority? A. Initiate seizure precautions B. Educate patient about foods rich in calcium C. Administer Calcitonin D. Administer Vitamin D supplements as ordered
A. Initiate seizure precautions
A patient who is in her first trimester of pregnancy is diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. Which medication do you suspect the patient will be started on? A. Propylthiouracil (PTU) B. Radioactive Iodine C. Tapazole D. Synthroid
A. Propylthiouracil (PTU)
A patient is receiving radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism. What will you include in your patient education to this patient about this type of treatment? A. Taste changes and swollen salivary glands B. Constipation C. Excessive thirst D. Sun protection
A. Taste changes and swollen salivary glands
Lithium is known to affect the parathyroid by increasing ______ levels and decreasing _____ levels? A. calcium, phosphate B. phosphate, calcium C. calcium, sodium D. sodium, calcium
A. calcium, phosphate
An agitated, confused female client arrives in the emergency department. Her history includes type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and angina pectoris. Assessment reveals pallor, diaphoresis, headache, and intense hunger. A stat blood glucose sample measures 42 mg/dl, and the client is treated for an acute hypoglycemic reaction. After recovery, the nurse teaches the client to treat hypoglycemia by ingesting: A. 2 to 5 g of a simple carbohydrate. B. 10 to 15 g of a simple carbohydrate. C. 18 to 20 g of a simple carbohydrate. D. 25 to 30 g of a simple carbohydrate.
B. 10 to 15 g of a simple carbohydrate.
Stimulation of the facial nerve via the masseter muscle causes twitching of the nose/lips in hypocalcemia is known as? A. Trousseau's Sign B. Chvostek's Sign C. Homan's Sign D. Goodell's Sign
B. Chvostek's Sign
Fill in the blank regarding the negative feedback loop for thyroid hormone production: The ______________ produces TRH (Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone) which causes the anterior pituitary gland to produce _______________ which in turn causes the thyroid gland to release _______ and _______. A. Thalamus, CRH (Corticotropin-releasing hormone) TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) and T4 B. Hypothalamus, TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), T3 and T4 C. Posterior pituitary gland, TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), T3 and T4 D. Hypothalamus, CRH (Corticotropin-releasing hormone), TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), T3 and TSH
B. Hypothalamus, TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), T3 and T4
Nurse Oliver should expect a client with hypothyroidism to report which health concerns? A. Increased appetite and weight loss B. Puffiness of the face and hands C. Nervousness and tremors D. Thyroid gland swelling
B. Puffiness of the face and hands
A patient has a calcium level of 12.5. Which medication will most likely be ordered for this patient? A. Calcium Chloride B. 10% Calcium Gluconate C. Calcitonin D. Hydrochlorothiazide
C. Calcitonin
A patient is recovering from parathyroid surgery. Morning labs values are back. Which of the following lab values would correlate as a complication from this type of surgery? A. Calcium 8.7 B. Calcium 12.5 C. Calcium 6.9 D. Calcium 9.2
C. Calcium 6.9
___________ is an autoimmune disorder where the body attacks the thyroid gland that causes it to stop releasing T3 and T4. The patient is likely to have the typical signs/symptoms of hypothyroidism, however, they may present with what other sign as well? A. Myxedema coma; joint pain B. Thyroid storm; memory loss C. Hashimoto's Thyroiditis; goiter D. Toxic nodular goiter (TNG); goiter
C. Hashimoto's Thyroiditis; goiter
A patient's calcium level is 11.2. Which option below could be the cause? A. None, 11.2 is a normal calcium level B. Cushing's Syndrome C. Hydrochlorothiazide D. Hypoparathyroidism
C. Hydrochlorothiazide
Where is the anti-diuretic hormone PRODUCED in the body? A. Anterior pituitary gland B. Posterior pituitary gland C. Hypothalamus D. Medulla
C. Hypothalamus
hich patient population is most at risk for DKA? A. Middle-aged adults who are obese B. Older-adults with Type 2 diabetes C. Newly diagnosed diabetes D. None of the options
C. Newly diagnosed diabetes
Which of the following signs and symptoms is NOT expected with Diabetes Insipidus? A. Polyuria B. Polydipsia C. Polyphagia D. Extreme thirst
C. Polyphagia
Where is the anti-diuretic hormone SECRETED in the body? A. Hypothalamus B. Thyroid C. Posterior Pituitary gland D. Anterior pituitary gland
C. Posterior Pituitary gland
A male client is admitted for treatment of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which nursing intervention is appropriate? A. Infusing I.V. fluids rapidly as ordered. B. Encouraging increased oral intake. C. Restricting fluids. D. Administering glucose-containing I.V. fluids as ordered.
C. Restricting fluids. To reduce water retention in a client with SIADH, the nurse should restrict fluids. Administering fluids by any route would further increase the client's already heightened fluid load. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone ADH release (SIADH) is a condition defined by the unsuppressed release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland or non-pituitary sources or its continued action on vasopressin receptors.
A patient is being discharged home for treatment of hypothyroidism. Which medication is most commonly prescribed for this condition? A. Tapazole B. PTU (Propylthiouracil) C. Synthroid D. Inderal
C. Synthroid
A female client with hypothyroidism (myxedema) is receiving levothyroxine (Synthroid), 25 mcg P.O. daily. Which finding should nurse Hans recognize as an adverse drug effect? A. Dysuria B. Leg cramps C. Tachycardia D. Blurred vision
C. Tachycardia
When assessing a male client with pheochromocytoma, a tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes excessive catecholamine, nurse April is most likely to detect: A. Blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. B. A blood glucose level of 130 mg/dl. C. Bradycardia. D. A blood pressure of 176/88 mm Hg.
D. A blood pressure of 176/88 mm Hg. Pheochromocytoma, a tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes excessive catecholamine, causes hypertension, tachycardia, hyperglycemia, hypermetabolism, and weight loss. It isn't associated with the other options. Tumors secrete only norepinephrine usually presents with sustained hypertension. Norepinephrine and epinephrine secreting tumor present with paroxysmal hypertension. Only epinephrine can cause hypotension instead of hypertension.
The nurse is aware that the following is the most common cause of hyperaldosteronism? A. Excessive sodium intake B. A pituitary adenoma C. Deficient potassium intake D. An adrenal adenoma
D. An adrenal adenoma
A patient's lab work shows that they have a high parathyroid hormone level. Which condition is the patient at risk for? A. Hyperkalemia B. Hypocalcemia C. Hypokalemia D. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypercalcemia
A patient reports they do not eat enough iodine in their diet. What condition are they most susceptible to?* A. Pheochromocytoma B. Hyperthyroidism C. Thyroid Storm D. Hypothyroidism
D. Hypothyroidism
A patient has a calcium level of 7.2. What sign below is indicative of this lab value? A. None this is a normal calcium level B. Shortened ST segment C. Hypoactive bowel sounds D. Prolonged QT interval on the EKG
D. Prolonged QT interval on the EKG
A patient is 6 hours post-opt from a thyroidectomy. The surgical site is clean, dry and intact with no excessive swelling noted. What position is best for this patient to be in? A. Fowler's B. Prone C. Trendelenburg D. Semi-Fowler's
D. Semi-Fowler's
Which of the following is not a cause of hypocalcemia? A. Low parathyroid hormone B. Crohn's Disease C. Acute Pancreatitis D. Thiazide Diuretics
D. Thiazide Diuretics
In a 29-year-old female client who is being successfully treated for Cushing's syndrome, nurse Lyzette would expect a decline in: a. Serum glucose level. b. Hair loss. c. Bone mineralization. d. Menstrual flow.
a. Serum glucose level. Hyperglycemia, which develops from glucocorticoid excess, is a manifestation of Cushing's syndrome. With successful treatment of the disorder, serum glucose levels decline. Hirsutism is common in Cushing's syndrome; therefore, with successful treatment, abnormal hair growth also declines. Osteoporosis occurs in Cushing's syndrome; therefore, with successful treatment, bone mineralization increases. Amenorrhea develops in Cushing's syndrome. With successful treatment, the client experiences a return of menstrual flow, not a decline in it.
Which of these signs suggests that a male client with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion is experiencing complications? a. Tetanic contractions b. Neck vein distention c. Weight loss d. Polyuria
b. Neck vein distention SIADH secretion causes antidiuretic hormone overproduction, which leads to fluid retention. Severe SIADH can cause such complications as vascular fluid overload, signaled by neck vein distention. This syndrome isn't associated with tetanic contractions. It may cause weight gain and fluid retention (secondary to oliguria).
A patient with SIADH is treated with water restriction and administration of IV fluids. The nurses evaluates that treatment has been effective when the patient experiences a. increased urine output, decreased serum sodium, and increased urine specific gravity b. increased urine output, increased serum sodium, and decreased urine specific gravity c. decreased urine output, increased serum sodium, and decreased urine specific gravity d. decreased urine output, decreased serum sodium, and increased urine specific gravity
b. increased urine output, increased serum sodium, and decreased urine specific gravity (rationale- the patient with SIADH has water retention with hyponatremia, decreased urine output and concentrated urine with high specific gravity. improvement in the patient's condition reflected by increased urine output, normalization of serum sodium, and more water in the urine, decreasing the specific gravity.)
Nurse Ronn is assessing a client with possible Cushing's syndrome. In a client with Cushing's syndrome, the nurse would expect to find: a. Hypotension. b. Thick, coarse skin. c. Deposits of adipose tissue in the trunk and dorsocervical area. d. Weight gain in arms and legs.
c. Deposits of adipose tissue in the trunk and dorsocervical area Because of changes in fat distribution, adipose tissue accumulates in the trunk, face (moonface), and dorsocervical areas (buffalo hump). Hypertension is caused by fluid retention. Skin becomes thin and bruises easily because of a loss of collagen. Muscle wasting causes muscle atrophy and thin extremities.
Which statement should the nurse include when providing education to the client who is diagnosed with Addison disease and prescribed steroid therapy twice per day? Select all that apply. 1. "You should check your blood sugar before meals and at bedtime." 2. "During stressful times, the dosage may need to be decreased." 3. "Have your eyes checked yearly while on hydrocortisone." 4. "Immediately stop hydrocortisone if you feel emotional or irritable." 5. "Take your prescribed hydrocortisone by mouth with a meal."
1. "You should check your blood sugar before meals and at bedtime." 3. "Have your eyes checked yearly while on hydrocortisone." 5. "Take your prescribed hydrocortisone by mouth with a meal."
A client who is diagnosed with Addison disease is hospitalized for a broken left femur. Which client data is most critical for the nurse to report to the client's healthcare provider (HCP)? 1. A systolic blood pressure decline of 25 mm Hg. 2. Bronchovesicular breath sounds auscultated throughout the lung fields. 3. Electrocardiogram (ECG) shows occasional premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). 4. Report of stabbing pain of 8 in the left femur on a numeric scale of 1-10.
1. A systolic blood pressure decline of 25 mm Hg.
Would you expect hair loss in addisons or cushings? 1. Addisons 2. Cushings
1. Addisons (Cushings you actually have increased hair growth)
The nurse is teaching the client who lacks parathyroid hormone about foods to consume. Which items should be included on a list of appropriate foods for the client? 1. Dark green vegetable, soybeans, and tofu 2. Spinach, strawberries, and yogurt 3. Whole grain bread, milk, and liver 4. Rhubarb, yellow vegetables, and fish
1. Dark green vegetable, soybeans, and tofu
A nurse is caring for a pt w/ irritability, weight loss, tachycardia + difficulty closing eyes. What tests are anticipated? 1. Thyroid function test 2. Fluid deprivation test 3. Parathyroid level 4. Serum anion gap
1. Thyroid function test
A pt w/ Type 2 Diabetes & sarcoidosis is prescribed oral prednisone. Which should the RN include in teaching? SATA 1. Wash your hands thoroughly. This med can decrease ability to fight infection 2. You should immediately stop this med if you have any s/s of infection 3. Increase your intake of calcium & Vitamin D. This med can cause bone loss. 4. Your provider may have to increase your insulin dose after starting this med
1. Wash your hands thoroughly. This med can decrease ability to fight infection 3. Increase your intake of calcium & Vitamin D. This med can cause bone loss. 4. Your provider may have to increase your insulin dose after starting this med
A pt w/ AKI is started on dialysis & is concerned about the progression of AKI. Which best addresses the concern? 1. "The occurrence of AKI will eventually result in chronic renal failure." 2. "AKI is abrupt in onset & often reversible if recognized early & treated" 3. "You will need to have a renal transplant to live a healthy life." 4. "Once your condition improves you can be placed on peritoneal dialysis."
2. "AKI is abrupt in onset & often reversible if recognized early & treated
A client is prescribed tapering doses of prednisone for a week. Which condition should the nurse explain is being prevented by different daily doses? 1. Hypertension 2. Adrenal insufficiency 3. Hyperglycemia 4. Potassium deficiency
2. Adrenal insufficiency
A pt 1 day postop s/p subtotal thyroidectomy has a tingling sensation in the hands, feet, & lips. The RN should assess 1. Babinski's sign 2. Chvostek's sign 3. Brudzinski's sign 4. Kernig's sign
2. Chvostek's sign
The nurse is reviewing serum lab results for the hospitalized client who has adrenocortical insufficiency. The nurse should immediately notify the provider about which value? 1. White blood cells 11,000/mm3 2. Glucose 138mg/dL 3. Sodium 148 mEq/L 4. Potassium 6.2mEq/L
4. Potassium 6.2mEq/L
3. A nurse is preparing to perform an assessment on a client being admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. When performing the assessment, the nurse checks for which significant manifestation of the disorder? a) fluid retention b) stretch marks c) goiter d) melanosis
3) A - Excessive secretion of adrenocortical hormones results in water and sodium reabsorption, causing fluid retention. Stretch marks (striae) are a common feature and can result in a disturbed body image, but are not significant and do not represent a life-threatening situation. Goiter is not a manifestation of Cushing's syndrome. Melanosis is a common manifestation associated with Addison's disease.
What are some nursing diagnosis could you use for a patient who has diabetes inspidus? 1. Cold intolerance 2. Fluid overload 3. Dehydration 4. Dysphagia 5. Hypotension 6. Polydipsia
3- Dehydration 5- Hypotension 6- Polydispsia (causes polyuria-extremely dilute urine)
Your patient is feeling dizzy, they're nauseous as well as vomitting and experiencing joint pain. What disease might this be? 1. Grave 2. Cushings 3. Addisons 4. SIADH
3. Addisons
The client taking thyroid replacement hormone is hospitalized and a thyroid replacement hormone is not ordered. A week after being hospitalized, the nurse assesses that the client is becoming increasingly lethargic and has a decreased BP, RR, temperature and pulse. Which actions should be taken by the nurse? Place each nursing action in the order of priority. 1. Warm the client. 2. Administer IV fluids. 3. Assist in ventilatory support. 4. Administer levothyroxine as prescribed.
3. Assist in ventilatory support. 2. Administer IV fluids. 1. Warm the client. 4. Administer levothyroxine as prescribed.
A RN is teaching a pt newly prescribed levothyroxine after thyroid removal. Which instructions will the RN include? SATA 1. Drowsiness is a common side effect. Take the med at bedtime. 2. Notify the provider if you become pregnant. This med is harmful to the fetus 3. Notify the provider if you feel a fluttering or rapid heartbeat. 4. You will need to take this med for the rest of your life
3. Notify the provider if you feel a fluttering or rapid heartbeat. 4. You will need to take this med for the rest of your life
The client develops SIADH secondary to a pituitary tumor. The client's assessment findings include thirst, weight gain, fatigue, and a serum sodium of 127 mEq/L. Which intervention, if prescribed, should the nurse implement to treat SIADH? 1. Elevate the head of the bed 30 degrees. 2. Administer vasopressin intranasally. 3. Restrict fluids to 800 to 1000ml per day. 4. Initiate an infusion of D5W.
3. Restrict fluids to 800 to 1000ml per day.
What might the nurse expect when taking the vitals of a pt with addisons? 1. Increased BP 2. Decreased HR 3. Increased temp 4. Decreased resp rate
3Increased temp, s/sx of addisons include fevers
A pt returns to the floor after receiving a hemodialysis treatment. Which symptoms suggest disequilibrium syndrome? 1. Shortness of breath with a nonproductive cough 2. Pitting edema in both of the hands and feet 3. Inability to palpate a thrill in the arteriovenous (AV) fistula 4. Headache with decreased level of consciousness
4. Headache with decreased level of consciousness
The nurse is caring for the client admitted with Addisonian crisis. Which medication, if prescribed, should the nurse plan to administer? 1. Regular insulin 2. Ketoconazole 3. Sodium nitroprusside 4. Hydrocortisone
4. Hydrocortisone
Select all that apply: Which of the following are signs and symptoms of Grave's Disease: A. Heat Intolerance B. Weight gain C. Bradycardia D. Goiter E. Pretibial Myxedema F. Cold intolerance G. Ophthalmopathy changes H. Fast Heart Rate
A, D, E, G, H
Which of the following symptoms is not typical of Cushing's syndrome? Answers: A. Osteoporosis B. Weight loss C. Diabetes D. Mood instability
B Cushing's syndrome tends to produce rapid weight gain, not weight loss.
An EKG shows a shortened QT interval. Which lab value below would be indicative of this change? A. Calcium level of 8.0 B. Calcium level of 12.0 C. Calcium level of 8.7 D Calcium level of 9.2
B. Calcium level of 12.0
A patient is admitted with complaints of palpations, excessive sweating, and unable to tolerate heat. In addition, the patient voices concern about how her appearance has changed over the past year. The patient presents with protruding eyeballs and pretibial myxedema on the legs and feet. Which of the following is the likely cause of the patient's signs and symptoms? A. Thyroiditis B. Deficiency of iodine consumption C. Grave's Disease D. Hypothyroidism
C. Grave's Disease
A nurse is caring for a client with Cushing's syndrome who demonstrates withdrawn behavior. The nurse recognizes that this client's behavior is likely related to which nursing diagnosis? a) deficient diversional activity b) powerlessness c) hopelessness d) disturbed body image
D - Physical changes in the client's appearance can occur with Cushing's syndrome. Such changes include hirsutism, moon face, buffalo hump, acne, and striae. These changes cause a body image disturbance. Options A, B, and C are not commonly associated with Cushing's syndrome.
A patient is being discharged home after hospitalization with hypocalcemia. Which statement by the patient indicates she understood the dietary instructions? A. "I will avoid sardines. B. "I'll avoid salt and Vitamin-D supplements." C. "I will tell my husband to only purchase skim milk." D. "I will be sure to eat lots of cheese, tofu and spinach."
D. "I will be sure to eat lots of cheese, tofu and spinach."
During preoperative teaching for a female client who will undergo subtotal thyroidectomy, the nurse should include which statement? A. "The head of your bed must remain flat for 24 hours after surgery." B. "You should avoid deep breathing and coughing after surgery." C. "You won't be able to swallow for the first day or two." D. "You must avoid hyperextending your neck after surgery."
D. "You must avoid hyperextending your neck after surgery." To prevent undue pressure on the surgical incision after subtotal thyroidectomy, the nurse should advise the client to avoid hyperextending the neck. Caution patient to avoid bending neck; support head with pillows. Reduces the likelihood of tension on the surgical wound.
The anti-diuretic hormone is __________ in Diabetes Insipidus and _________ in SIADH.
Low High
Which outcome indicates that treatment of a male client with diabetes insipidus has been effective? a. Fluid intake is less than 2,500 ml/day. b. Urine output measures more than 200 ml/hour. c. Blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. d. The heart rate is 126 beats/minute
a. Fluid intake is less than 2,500 ml/day Diabetes insipidus is characterized by polyuria (up to 8 L/day), constant thirst, and an unusually high oral intake of fluids. Treatment with the appropriate drug should decrease both oral fluid intake and urine output. A urine output of 200 ml/hour indicates continuing polyuria. A blood pressure of 90/50 mm Hg and a heart rate of 126 beats/minute indicate compensation for the continued fluid deficit, suggesting that treatment hasn't been effective
The nurse is assessing the client who has type 2 diabetes. Which findings indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS)? Select all that apply 1. Serum osmolality 364 mOsm/kg 2. Blood glucose level 160mg/dL 3. Very dry mucous membranes 4. BP of 90/42 mmHg 5. Urine output of 500ml for the past 8 hrs.
1. Serum osmolality 364 mOsm/kg 3. Very dry mucous membranes 4. BP of 90/42 mmHg
Which clinical manifestation should the nurse anticipate when providing care for a client who is diagnosed with Cushing syndrome? Select all that apply. 1. Easy bruising. 2. Increased blood glucose. 3. Increased blood pressure. 4. Increased potassium. 5. Increased abdominal girth. 6. Decreased weight.
1. Easy bruising. 2. Increased blood glucose. 3. Increased blood pressure. 5. Increased abdominal girth.
A client who is diagnosed with Addison disease presents to the emergency department (ED) with abdominal pain. The client experiences a decline in systolic blood pressure of 30 mm Hg, has a heart rate increase from 75 to 100 beats/minute, and develops new onset confusion. Which action should the nurse implement based on the current data? Select all that apply. 1. Give the prescribed hydrocortisone, 100 mg by intravenous push (IVP). 2. Administer the prescribed morphine 2 mg by intravenous push (IVP) every 2 hours for pain. 3. Begin potassium 40 mEq PO every 12 hours as prescribed. 4. Start an intravenous (IV) infusion of normal saline (NS) with 5% dextrose, as prescribed. 5. Give 12.5 mg of promethazine every 4 hours as needed for nausea via intravenous push (IVP).
1. Give the prescribed hydrocortisone, 100 mg by intravenous push (IVP). 4. Start an intravenous (IV) infusion of normal saline (NS) with 5% dextrose, as prescribed.
The client is hospitalized with possible Cushing's syndrome. Which laboratory results should the nurse expect if the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome is confirmed? Select all that apply. 1. Hyperglycemia 2. Eosinophilia 3. Hypocalcemia 4. Hypokalemia 5. Thrombocytopenia 6. Elevated serum cortisol
1. Hyperglycemia 4. Hypokalemia 6. Elevated serum cortisol
The nurse reviews the provider's orders for the newly admitted client who has DKA. Which order should the nurse question? 1. Start intravenous D5W at 125ml/hr 2. Give KCL 10mEq in 100ml NS IV now. 3. Give sodium bicarbonate IV per pharmacy dosing if arterial pH is less than 7.0 4. Start regular insulin infusion per protocol; titrate based on hourly glucose level
1. Start intravenous D5W at 125ml/hr
The nurse plans care for a pt newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism. What will the nurse include? Select all that apply 1. Administer levothyroxine when the breakfast tray is delivered 2. Allow frequent rest breaks during activity 3. Encourage the client to increase fiber intake 4. Maintain a room temperature of 60 F
2. Allow frequent rest breaks during activity 3. Encourage the client to increase fiber intake
The nurse is preparing to care for the stable client with Addison's disease. Which skin appearance should the nurse expect when performing an assessment? 1. Very white, dry and scaly 2. Bronzed and suntanned hue 3. Diaphoretic and cyanotic 4. Puffy and butterfly-like rash
2. Bronzed and suntanned hue
A client diagnosed with Addison's disease has been prescribed hydrocortisone, a glucocorticosteroid. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply. 1. Hydrocortisone should be taken on an empty stomach 2. Periods of stress may require an increase in steroid replacement 3. The medication can be stopped as soon as you begin to feel better 4. Blood glucose levels should be routinely monitored 5. Clients being treated with hydrocortisone should not receive live virus vaccines
2. Periods of stress may require an increase in steroid replacement 4. Blood glucose levels should be routinely monitored 5. Clients being treated with hydrocortisone should not receive live virus vaccines
A nurse is caring for a pt w/ DM, confusion, flushing, + an acetone breath odor. The nurse anticipates which insulin? 1. NPH insulin 2. Insulin glargine 3. Insulin lispro 4. Regular insulin
4. Regular insulin
Which of the following side effects are possible for a patient taking an anti-thyroid medication? A. Agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia B. Tachycardia C. Skin discoloration D. Joint pain and eczema
A. Agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia
True or False: Osmotic diuresis is present in HHNS and DKA due to the kidney's inability to reabsorb the excessive glucose which causes glucose to leak into the urine which in turn causes extra water and electrolytes to be excreted.
true
The nurse is caring for the client with Addisonian crisis. Which clinical change should indicate to the nurse that the therapy is effective? 1. Increase of 25mmHg in the client's BP 2. Decrease of 25mmHg in the systolic BP 3. Increase in serum potassium from 3.4 to 5.8mEq/dL 4. Decrease in serum sodium from 146 to 136mEq/dL
1. Increase of 25mmHg in the client's BP
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with DI. Which nursing actions are most appropriate? Select all that apply. 1. Monitoring hourly urine output and daily weights 2. Checking urine osmolality and urine ketones 3. Giving desmopressin as prescribed 4. Checking glucose levels before meals and at bedtime 5. Monitoring for signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia
1. Monitoring hourly urine output and daily weights 3. Giving desmopressin as prescribed
A nurse is caring for the client with SIADH. Which of the following should the nurse plan to implement? Select all that apply. 1. Obtain weight near the same time each day. 2. Place on a fluid-restricted diet as prescribed. 3. Prepare to give an IV fluid bolus of 500ml normal saline. 4. Administer desmopressin as prescribed. 5. Monitor for hyperactive reflexes and heightened alertness.
1. Obtain weight near the same time each day. 2. Place on a fluid-restricted diet as prescribed.
The nurse receives orders for the newly admitted client with Addison's disease. Which orders should the nurse question with the HCP? Select all that apply. 1. Potassium 20mEq oral now 2. Sodium restricted diet of 1000mg/day 3. Serum cortisol level early in am 4. Obtain serum glucose level now 5. 5% dextrose in NS at 100ml/hr
1. Potassium 20mEq oral now 2. Sodium restricted diet of 1000mg/day
The nurse is collecting information about the client who underwent a transsphenoidal removal of a pituitary tumor. Which findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing DI? Select all that apply. 1. Serum osmolality 310 mOsm/kg 2. Weight increased 2kg in 24 hours 3. Experiencing extreme thirst 4. Urine output 4200ml in 24 hours 5. BP averaging 164/92mmHg or higher
1. Serum osmolality 310 mOsm/kg 3. Experiencing extreme thirst 4. Urine output 4200ml in 24 hours
A clinic nurse is teaching the client newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which instructions should the nurse provide about taking levothyroxine? Select all that apply. 1. Take the medication 1 hour before or 2 hours after breakfast. 2. Call the clinic if the pulse before taking the medication is greater than 100bpm. 3. Report adverse drug effects, including weight gain, cold intolerance, and alopecia. 4. Take this drug as prescribed; it replaces thyroid hormone that is diminished or absent. 5. Have frequent laboratory monitoring to be sure your levels of T3 and t4 decrease.
1. Take the medication 1 hour before or 2 hours after breakfast. 2. Call the clinic if the pulse before taking the medication is greater than 100bpm. 4. Take this drug as prescribed; it replaces thyroid hormone that is diminished or absent.
The nurse was questioning the admission orders by the doctor for a patient who has SIADH. Which order might she be questioning? 1. Lab results for sodium, urine sodium, urine specific gravity, serum osmolality 2. Nutrition expert to help with anorexia 3. Fluid bolus to help with dehydration 4. Demeclocycline to help treat infections
3. Fluid bolus to help with dehydration Because the pt is already retaining a lot of water
The RN is teaching nutrition for a client discharged w/ CKD. Which statement indicates that further teaching is needed? 1. I should avoid canned soups and cold-cut sandwiches 2. I can use salt substitutes since I am required to restrict sodium & potassium 3. I must avoid eating raw carrots & tomatoes due to hemodialysis treatments 4. The popsicles I eat should be counted in my daily fluid intake
2. I can use salt substitutes sinceI am required to restrict sodium & potassium
The nurse evaluates the client who is being treated for DKA. Which finding indicates that the client is responding to the treatment plan? 1. Eyes sunken and skin flushed 2. Skin moist with rapid elastic coil 3. Serum potassium level is 3.3mEq/L 4. ABG results are pH 7.25, PaCO2 30, HCO3 17
2. Skin moist with rapid elastic coil
The female client is to receive radioactive iodine therapy for an enlarged thyroid gland. The client asks, "Are there precautions with this therapy?" Which is the nurse's best response? 1. No precautions are necessary. The radiation in the form of an oral capsule will target and destroy thyroid tissue only. 2. Use contraceptives or abstain from intercourse to avoid conceiving during and for 6 months after treatment. 3. Discontinue taking the antithyroid medication and propranolol; results are seen immediately with RAI. 4. Some people need a thyroid hormone replacement, but it is not necessary when the thyroid gland is enlarged.
2. Use contraceptives or abstain from intercourse to avoid conceiving during and for 6 months after treatment.
The nurse determined that the client's fluid volume deficit from HHS has resolved. Which serum laboratory finding led to the nurse's conclusion? 1. Decreased glucose 2. Decreased sodium 3. Decreased osmolality 4. Decreased potassium
3. Decreased osmolality
A patient comes in complaining of heart palpitations, always feeling tired, feels so warm, experiencing weight loss and diarrhea. What might you suspect when you look at her eyes and they are either afraid or enlarged? 1. Myocardial infarction 2. Flu 3. Graves exacerbation 4. Addisons exacerbation
3. This patient is having an exacerbation of graves disease. If a female most likely experiencing menstrual irregularities
A nurse is teaching a pt w/ AKI about the oliguric phase. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching? 1. Renal function is reestablished. 2. BUN and creatinine levels decrease. 3. Urine output is less than 400 mL per 24 hr. 4. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) recovers.
3. Urine output is less than 400 mL per 24 hr.
Which of the following statements are CORRECT about Grave's Disease? 1. Grave's Disease is caused by independently functioning nodular goiters producing excessive amounts of T3 and T4. 2. Grave's Disease is a complication of untreated hypothyroidism. 3. autoimmune condition where the body produces an antibody called TSI (which acts like TSH on the body). 4. Grave's Disease patients do not present with protruding eyes or a goiter, as in Toxic Nodular Goiter (TNG)
3. autoimmune condition where the body produces an antibody called TSI (which acts like TSH on the body).
A patient is being educated on how to take their anti-thyroid medication. Which of the following statements are INCORRECT? A. "I will continue taking aspirin daily." B. "I will take this medication at the same time every day." C. "It may take a while before I notice that the medication is helping my condition." D. "I will avoid foods containing high levels of iodine."
A. "I will continue taking aspirin daily."
You are performing discharge teaching with a patient who is going home on Synthroid. Which statement by the patient causes you to re-educate the patient about this medication? A. "I will take this medication at bedtime with a snack." B. "I will never stop taking the medication abruptly." C. "If I have palpitations, chest pain, intolerance to heat, or feel restless, I will notify the doctor." D. "I will not take this medication at the same time I take my Carafate."
A. "I will take this medication at bedtime with a snack."
Jemma, who weighs 210 lb (95 kg) and has been diagnosed with hyperglycemia tells the nurse that her husband sleeps in another room because her snoring keeps him awake. The nurse notices that she has large hands and a hoarse voice. Which of the following would the nurse suspect as a possible cause of the client's hyperglycemia? A. Acromegaly B. Type 1 diabetes mellitus C. Hypothyroidism D. Deficient growth hormone
A. Acromegaly
You are developing a care plan for a patient with SIADH. Which of the following would be a potential nursing diagnosis for this patient? A. Fluid volume overload B. Fluid volume deficient C. Acute pain D. Impaired skin integrity
A. Fluid volume overload
Which of the following signs and symptoms causes concern and requires nursing intervention for a patient who recently had a thyroidectomy? A. Heart rate of 120, blood pressure 220/102, temperature 103.2 'F B. Heart rate of 35, blood pressure 60/43, temperature 95.3 'F C. Soft hair, irritable, diarrhea D. Constipation, drowsiness, goiter
A. Heart rate of 120, blood pressure 220/102, temperature 103.2 'F
Following a unilateral adrenalectomy, nurse Betty would assess for hyperkalemia shown by which of the following? A. Muscle weakness B. Tremors C. Diaphoresis D. Constipation
A. Muscle weakness Muscle weakness, bradycardia, nausea, diarrhea, and paresthesia of the hands, feet, tongue, and face are findings associated with hyperkalemia, which is transient and occurs from transient hypoaldosteronism when the adenoma is removed.
A female adult client with a history of chronic hyperparathyroidism admits to being non-compliant. Based on initial assessment findings, the nurse formulates the nursing diagnosis of Risk for injury. To complete the nursing diagnosis statement for this client, which "related-to" phrase should the nurse add? A. Related to bone demineralization resulting in pathologic fractures. B. Related to exhaustion secondary to an accelerated metabolic rate. C. Related to edema and dry skin secondary to fluid infiltration into the interstitial spaces. D. Related to tetany secondary to a decreased serum calcium level.
A. Related to bone demineralization resulting in pathologic fractures.
A patient arrives to the ER and is unable to give you a health history due to altered mental status. The family reports the patient has gained over 10 lbs in 1 week and says it is mainly "water" weight. In addition, they report the patient hasn't been able to urinate or eat within the past week as well and was recently diagnosed with small cell lung cancer. On assessment, you note the patient's HR is 115 and BP 180/92. Patient sodium level is 90. Which of the following conditions do you suspect the patient is most likely presenting with? A. SIADH B. Diabetes Insipidus C. Addison's Disease D. Fluid Volume Deficient In the scenario above what drug do you anticipate the patient will be started on per doctor's order? A. Desmopressin (DDAVP) IV B. Declomycin C. Diabinese D. Stimate
A. SIADH B. Declomycin
A patient with a mild case of diabetes insipidus is started on Diabinese. What would you include in your patient teaching with this patient? A. Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia B. Restricting foods containing caffeine C. Taking the medication on an empty stomach D. Drinking 16 oz of water when taking the medication
A. Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia
Which of the following are treatment options for hyperthyroidism? Please select all that apply: A. Thyroidectomy B. Methimazole C. Liothyronine Sodium "Cytomel" D. Radioactive Iodine
A. Thyroidectomy B. Methimazole D. Radioactive Iodine
A female client has a serum calcium level of 7.2 mg/dl. During the physical examination, nurse Noah expects to assess: A. Trousseau's sign. B. Homans' sign. C. Hegar's sign. D. Goodell's sign.
A. Trousseau's sign. This client's serum calcium level indicates hypocalcemia, an electrolyte imbalance that causes Trousseau's sign (carpopedal spasm induced by inflating the blood pressure cuff above systolic pressure). Trousseau's sign for latent tetany is most commonly positive in the setting of hypocalcemia. The sign is observable as a carpopedal spasm induced by ischemia secondary to the inflation of a sphygmomanometer cuff, commonly on an individual's arm, to 20 mmHg over their systolic blood pressure for 3 minutes. The carpopedal spasm is visualized as flexion of the wrist, thumb, and metacarpophalangeal joints with hyperextension of the fingers.
When caring for a male client with diabetes insipidus, nurse Juliet expects to administer: A. vasopressin (Pitressin Synthetic). B. furosemide (Lasix). C. Regular insulin. D. 10% dextrose.
A. vasopressin (Pitressin Synthetic) Because diabetes insipidus results from decreased antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) production, the nurse should expect to administer synthetic vasopressin for hormone replacement therapy.
Your patient has been asking for a lot of french fries, instant noodles, pretzels, potato chips etc, what endocrine disease might this be related to? 1. Graves 2. Addisons 3. SIADH 4. Diabetes Insipidus
Addisons disease- craving for salty foods
A client with Cushing's syndrome should be instructed to: A. Avoid alcoholic beverages B. Limit the sodium in her diet C. Increase servings of dark green vegetables D. Limit the amount of protein in her diet
Answer B is correct. A client with Cushing's syndrome has adrenocortical hypersecretion, so she retains sodium and water. The client may drink alcohol in moderation, so answer A is incorrect, and there is no need to eat more green vegetables or limit protein, so answers C and D are incorrect.
A client with Addison's disease will most likely exhibit which symptom? A. Hypertension B. Bronze pigmentation C. Hirsutism D. Purple striae
Answer B is correct. Answer B is correct because a bronze pigmentation is a sign of Addison's disease. Answers A, C, and D are symptoms of Cushing's syndrome, making them incorrect.
The thyroid hormones, T3 and T4, play many roles in the human body. Which of the following functions are performed by T3 and T4? Note: Select all that apply A. Storing calories B. Increasing the Heart Rate C. Stimulating the Sympathetic Nervous System D. Decreasing the body's temperature E. Regulating TSH produced by the anterior pituitary gland
B. Increasing the Heart Rate C. Stimulating the Sympathetic Nervous System E. Regulating TSH produced by the anterior pituitary gland
A patient was recently discharged home for treatment of hypothyroidism and was ordered to take Synthroid for treatment. The patient is re-admitted with signs and symptoms of the following: heart rate 42, blood pressure 70/56, blood glucose 55, and body temperature of 96.8 'F. The patient is very fatigued and drowsy. The family reports the patient has not been taking Synthroid since being discharged home from the hospital. Which of the following conditions is this patient most likely experiencing? A. Thryoid Storm B. Myxedema Coma C. Iodism D. Toxic Nodular Goiter
B. Myxedema Coma
Early this morning, a female client had a subtotal thyroidectomy. During evening rounds, nurse Tina assesses the client, who now has nausea, a temperature of 105° F (40.5° C), tachycardia, and extreme restlessness. What is the most likely cause of these signs? A. Diabetic ketoacidosis B. Thyroid crisis C. Hypoglycemia D. Tetany
B. Thyroid crisis/storm Thyroid crisis usually occurs in the first 12 hours after thyroidectomy and causes exaggerated signs of hyperthyroidism, such as high fever, tachycardia, and extreme restlessness. Presentation of thyroid storm is an exaggerated manifestation of hyperthyroidism, with the presence of an acute precipitating factor. Fever, cardiovascular involvement (including tachycardia, heart failure, arrhythmia), central nervous system (CNS) manifestations, and gastrointestinal symptoms are common.
For a male client with hyperglycemia, which assessment finding best supports a nursing diagnosis of Deficient Fluid Volume? A. Cool, clammy skin B. Distended neck veins C. Increased urine osmolarity D. Decreased serum sodium level
C. Increased urine osmolarity In hyperglycemia, urine osmolarity (the measurement of dissolved particles in the urine) increases as glucose particles move into the urine. The client experiences glycosuria and polyuria, losing body fluids, and experiencing fluid volume deficit. Cool, clammy skin; distended neck veins; and a decreased serum sodium level are signs of fluid volume excess, the opposite imbalance.
An incoherent female client with a history of hypothyroidism is brought to the emergency department by the rescue squad. Physical and laboratory findings reveal hypothermia, hypoventilation, respiratory acidosis, bradycardia, hypotension, and nonpitting edema of the face and pretibial area. Knowing that these findings suggest severe hypothyroidism, nurse Libby prepares to take emergency action to prevent the potential complication of: A. Thyroid storm. B. Cretinism. C. Myxedema coma. D. Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
C. Myxedema coma. Severe hypothyroidism may result in myxedema coma, in which a drastic drop in the metabolic rate causes decreased vital signs, hypoventilation (possibly leading to respiratory acidosis), and nonpitting edema. Patients are most commonly presenting for emergency services with altered mental status and hypothermia, below 35.5 degrees C (95.9 degrees F). The lower the body temperature, the worst is the prognosis. The absence of mild diastolic hypertension in severely hypothyroid patients is a warning sign of impending myxedema coma.
A patient with SIADH is undergoing IV treatment of a hypertonic IV solution of 3% saline and IV Lasix. Which of the following nursing findings requires intervention? A. Sodium level of 136. B. Patient reports urinating more frequently. C. Potassium level of 5.0. D. Assessment finding of crackles throughout the lung fields.
D. Assessment finding of crackles throughout the lung fields. When administering a hypertonic solution you have to do this very slowly and watch for volume overload. Hypertonic solutions pull fluid from the cell (which is already water intoxicated) and place it back into the vascular system...therefore, crackles in the lungs are a sign there is too much fluid in the body and the heart can not compensate so the fluid is backing up into the lungs. This would require intervention.
Nurse Kate is providing dietary instructions to a male client with hypoglycemia. To control hypoglycemic episodes, the nurse should recommend: A. Increasing saturated fat intake and fasting in the afternoon. B. Increasing intake of vitamins B and D and taking iron supplements. C. Eating a candy bar if lightheadedness occurs. D. Consuming a low-carbohydrate, high protein diet and avoiding fasting.
D. Consuming a low-carbohydrate, high protein diet and avoiding fasting. To control hypoglycemic episodes, the nurse should instruct the client to consume a low-carbohydrate, high protein diet, avoid fasting and avoid simple sugars. Increasing saturated fat intake and increasing vitamin supplementation wouldn't help control hypoglycemia. A person experiencing a minor case of low blood sugar can consume 15-20 grams (g) of fast-acting carbohydrates, such as a small glass of fruit juice or a few crackers.
A patient has an extremely high T3 and T4 level. Which of the following signs and symptoms DO NOT present with this condition? A. Weight loss B. Intolerance to heat C. Smooth skin D. Hair loss
D. Hair loss
A 67-year-old female client has been complaining of sleeping more, increased urination, anorexia, weakness, irritability, depression, and bone pain that interferes with her going outdoors. Based on these assessment findings, the nurse would suspect which of the following disorders? A. Diabetes mellitus B. Diabetes insipidus C. Hypoparathyroidism D. Hyperparathyroidism
D. Hyperparathyroidism
What is the difference between cushing syndrome and cushings disease 1. Syndrome- disorder caused by prolonged exposure of the body's tissues to high levels of the hormone cortisol, Disease- pituitary tumor 2. Syndrome pituitary tumor, Disease- disorder caused by prolonged exposure of the body's tissues to high levels of the hormone cortisol,
Syndrome- disorder caused by prolonged exposure of the body's tissues to high levels of the hormone cortisol, Disease- pituitary tumor