endocrine students questions

A client is admitted to the hospital with signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus. Which findings is the nurse most likely to observe in this client? Select all that apply: A. Excessive thirst B. Weight gain C. Constipation D. Excessive hunger E. Urine retention F. Frequent, high-volume urination

A, D, F --- Rationale: Classic signs of diabetes mellitus include polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyphagia (excessive hunger), and polyuria (excessive urination). Because the body is starving from the lack of glucose the cells are using for energy, the client has weight loss, not weight gain. Clients with diabetes mellitus usually don't present with constipation. Urine retention is only a problem is the patient has another renal-related condition.

If a patient is suspected to have an acute onset of SIADH which would be the most important assessment finding for the nurse to report to the doctor immediately? a.) A weight gain of 3lbs overnight b.) A weight loss of 3lbs overnight c.) A normal set of vital signs d.) A urine specific gravity of 1.010

A. Rationale:It is important to notify the MD about an increase in weight because fluid retention is often seen in patients with SIADH.

The nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has Cushing's syndrome. Which statement by the client indicates that the instructions related to dietary management where understood? 1.i can eat foods that contain potassium 2. I will nee to limit the amount of protein in my diet 3. I am fortunate that I can eat all the salty food I enjoy 4. I am fortunate that I do not need to follow any special diet.

Answer: 1 Rationale: A diet low in calories, carbohydrates, an sodium but ample in protein and potassium content is encouraged for a client with Cushing's syndrome. Such diet promotes control of hypokalemia and the rebuilding of wasted tissue.

Patient is being discharged after having a thyroidectomy. What would you include in the education? Select all that apply A. Educate the need to stop smoking B. They will lose their voice C. Educate on symptoms of hypothyroidism now that thyroid is gone and symptoms that should be evaluated by medical provider D. They can eat anything that they'd like since the problem is gone E. Educate that difficulty swallowing should subside soon as they are healing

Answers: A,C,E

A patient with a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism presents with shortness of breath and a heart rate of 110 BPM. What medication would the nurse anticipate an order for? A. Furosemide B. Propanolol C. Iodine D. Levothyroxine

B. B is correct for the presenting symptoms, C would be used to shrink the thyroid which would result in the eventual need for D

A patient is admitted to the hospital with probable SIADH. Which lab level would be most concerning to you? a.) Serum sodium level of 140 mEq/L b.) Serum ADH of 5.5 ph/mL c.) Urine potassium of 40 mEq/day d.) Urine osmolality of 400 mOsm/L

B. Rationale: A serum level of over 4.7 ph/mL can be indicative of SIADH.

When creating the care plan for a client with Addison's disease, the nurse understand that which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate? A. Fluid volume overload B. Risk for infection C. Hypothermia D . Urinary retention

B. RATIONALES: Addison's disease decreases the production of all adrenal hormones, compromising the body's normal stress response and increasing the risk of infection. Other appropriate nursing diagnoses for a client with Addison's disease include Deficient fluid volume and Hyperthermia. Urinary retention isn't appropriate because Addison's disease causes polyuria.

A patient with Addison's disease comes to the emergency department with complaints of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and fever. The nurse would expect collaborative care to include which of the following? A. Parenteral injections of ACTH. B. . IV administration of vasopressors. C. IV administration of hydrocortisone. D. IV administration of D%W with 20 mEq of Kcl.

C. RATIONALE: (3) Vomiting and diarrhea are early indications of addisonian crisis, and fever is indicative of infection which is causing more stress on the body. Treatment of a crisis requires immediate glucocorticoid replacement. ACTH is not effective. Potassium levels are increased with Addison's, thus KCl would be contraindicated.

The lpn assists in the evaluation of a client with suspected Addison's disease. What laboratory test result best supports a diagnosis of Addison's disease? A. Serum sodium level of 133 mEq/L B. BUN level of 14 mg/dl C. Serum potassium level of 5.9 mEq/L D. Blood glucose level of 90 mg/dl

C. RATIONALES: Addison's disease decreases the production of aldosterone, cortisol, and androgen, causing urinary sodium and fluid losses, an increased serum potassium level, and hypoglycemia. Therefore, an elevated serum potassium level of 5.9 mEq/L best supports a diagnosis of Addison's disease. A BUN level of 14 mg/dl and a blood glucose level of 90 mg/dl are within normal limits. In a client with Addison's disease, the serum sodium level would be much lower than 133 mEq/L, a nearly normal level.

A client with diabetes mellitus demonstrates acute anxiety when first admitted for the treatment of hyperglycemia. The most appropriate intervention to decrease the client's anxiety would be to A. administer a sedative B. make sure the client knows all the correct medical terms to understand what is happening C. ignore the signs and symptoms of anxiety so that they will soon disappear D. convey empathy, trust, and respect toward the client

D. The most appropriate intervention is to address the client's feelings related to the anxiety

A nurse is providing teaching to a client with SIADH. The client shows understanding of the syndrome when stating: a.) "I need to start increasing my daily fluid intake." b.) "If I experience any side effects from the medications, I shouldn't report them as they will resolve on their own." c.) "Once being on medication for a few months, I can stop taking it because my SIADH will resolve." d.) "Since I'm on fluid restriction, I will need to monitor my weight daily."

D. Rationale: When on fluid restrictions, an increase in weight indicates fluid retention which needs to be treated promptly. Taking daily weight measurements will help the patient to carefully monitor their weight and seek medical attention when needed.

. A 54-year-old patient admitted with type 2 diabetes, asks the nurse what "type 2" means. Which of the following is the most appropriate response by the nurse? A. "With type 2 diabetes, the body of the pancreas becomes inflamed." B. "With type 2 diabetes, insulin secretion is decreased and insulin resistance is increased." C. "With type 2 diabetes, the patient is totally dependent on an outside source of insulin." D. "With type 2 diabetes, the body produces antibodies that destroy b-cells in the pancreas."

Right Answer: B Rationale: In type 2 diabetes mellitus, the secretion of insulin by the pancreas is reduced and/or the cells of the body become resistant to insulin

The nurse educator is asking the nursing student to recall the signs/symptoms of hypothyroidism. The nurse educator determines that the student understands this disorder if which are included in the student's response? Select all that apply. A. Dry skin B. Irritability C. Palpitations D. Weight loss E. Constipation F. Cold intolerance

answer A, E. F.

The community health nurse teaches a client at home who has been prescribed prednisone 5mg orally daily. Which statement indicates the need for further teaching about this medication? A. I can take aspirin or my antihistamine if I need it. B. If I gain more than 5 pounds a week, I will call my doctor. C. I need to avoid coffee, tea, cola, and chocolate in my diet

answer is 1 always as about OTC medicaiton prior to taking