Endocrine System

Paracrine secretions are released into the extracellular fluid and _________.

affect only neighboring cells

As a result of the general stress response, blood concentration of epinephrine? A) And cortisol fall B) Rise and cortisol fall C) And cortisol rise D) Fall and cortisol rise

c) and cortisol rise

The hormones that stimulates calcium deposition into bone is

calcitonin

Steroids hormones are derived from the lipids called ___________.

cholesterol

A sweat gland is an example of a(n) _______________ gland

exocrine

The _______________ gland release their secretion into tubes or ducts connected to body surfaces. The ______________ glands are ductless and release their secretion into the blood steam.

exocrine; endocrine

A female patient is experiencing a normal imbalance that is causing her to skip menstrual periods due to low estrogen and missed ovulation. Which of the following is most likely imbalanced hormone

follicle-stimulating hormone

A hormone is a __________ and the target cell is __________.

molecule that has a metabolic effect on another cell; a cell that has receptors for specific hormones

Hormones are classified into two categories based on their chemical composition, _____________ hormones and ____________ hormones.

steroid and nonsteroid

a hormone is a secreted molecule that is carried in the bloodstream to where it acts on target cells that bear specific receptors for that hormone

true

steroid hormones diffuse through cell membranes, then bind with receptors, whereas nonsteroid hormones bind receptors on the target cell membrane

true

What are steroid hormones derived from ? A) Carbohydrates B) Proteins C) Cholesterol D) Amino acids

C) Cholesterol

A cellular response to a non-steroid hormone operating through a second message is ____________ amplified. A) Mildly B) Not C) Greatly

C) Greatly

What must be present for any type of hormone to be able to act on a target cell? A) Protein channels B) Hormone response elements C) Receptors D)Proteases enzymes

C) Receptors

What type of hormone is transported in the blood bound to a plasma protein? A) Protein hormones B) Amine hormones C) Steroid hormones

C) Steroid hormones

A cell acted upon by a nerve fiber, hormones, or other chemical messengers is called a(n) __________ cell.

Target

Endocrine mean

internal secretion

Simple goiter is most prevalent where the soil lacks

iodine

The ________ secretes triiodothyronine

thyroid gland

A person under stress may have a lowered resistance to infection.

true

Nonsteroid hormones include peptides, proteins, glycoproteins, and amines.

true

T or F : The target cells of releasing hormones are In the anterior pituitary gland

true

T or F: The sex hormones from the adrenal cortex are primarily androgens

true

Place in order the sequence of events initiated by some non steroid hormones 1) Protein kinases phosphorylate substrates 2) Substates change cellular processes 3) The hormone binds to a receptor 4) cAMP activates protein kinases 5) Adenylate lyases converts ATP into cyclic AMP 6) G protein is activated and activates adenylate cyclase

3) The hormone binds with receptor 6) G protein is activated and activates adenylate cyclase 5) Adenylate converts ATP into Cyclic AMP 4) cAMP activates protein kinases 1) Protein kinases phosphorylates substrates 2) Substrate changes cellular processes

Insulin, a non steroid hormone, binds with a cell membrane receptor causing activation of proteins inside the cell. What would you consider insulin to be in this example? A) A first messenger B) A second messenger C) an enzyme

A) A first messenger

Identify the correct statement nervous and endocrine system communication methods. Select all that apply. A) Cells of the nervous system communicate predominantly via electrical signals B) Cells of the endocrine system communicate predominantly via electrical signals C) Cells of the endocrine system communicate using chemical signals D) cells of the nervous system communicate using chemical signals

A) Cells of the nervous system communicate predominantly via electrical signals C) Cells of the endocrine system communicate using chemical signals (Called hormones) D) Cells of the nervous system communicate using chemical signal (Called neurotransmitter)

What are some examples of protein hormones ? A) Growth hormone (GH) B) Cortisol C) Parathyroid hormones D) Testosterone

A) Growth hormone (GH) C) Parathyroid gland

What are some characteristics of the endocrine system? A) Helps regulate water and electrolyte balance B) Uses electrical signal to communicate with target cells C) Protects the body against foreign substances D) Aids in transporting substance through membranes E) Regulates reproduction, development and growth F) Helps regulate metabolic processes

A) Helps regulate water and electrolyte balance D) Aids in transporting substances through membranes E) Regulates reproduction, development, and growth F) Helps regulate metabolic processes

Changes in membrane permeability activation of enzymes or stimulation of metabolic pathway are all example of cellular responses to what hormone class? A) Non-Steroid based hormones via second messengers system B) Steriod based hormones via gene activation

A) Non-steroid based hormones via second messenger system.

What do kinases attach to enzyme? A) Phosphate B) Phosphodiesterease C) Sugar D) Cyclases

A) Phosphates

A group of compounds called ___________ are derived from arachidonic acid and function to regulate activity of neighboring cells. A) Prostaglandins B) Neurotransmitters C) Peptide hormones

A) Prostaglandins

What is the endocrine system? A) The gland, tissues, and cells that secrete hormones B) A minor control system of the body C) The systems that activates neurons D) The glands and cels that release product into ducts located throughout the body

A) The glands, tissue, and cells that secrete hormones

What are some characteristics of lipid-soluble hormones? A) They include steroid hormones B) They bind to receptors on the surface of target cells C) They include peptide hormones D) They can diffuse into cells easily

A) They include steroid hormones D) They can diffuse into cells easily

Indicate some mechanism by which which hormones exert their effects. *A) They may alter the rate of transport of chemical across the cell membrane *B) They may change the activity of an enzyme *C) They alter the metabolic actives of tissue D) They produce specific responses to external stimuli

A) They may alter the rate of transport of chemical across the cell membrane B) They may change the activity of an enzyme C) They alter the metabolic activities of tissue

Identify the major endocrine glands A) Thyroid gland and parathyroid glands B) Pancreases C) Pituitary gland D) Appendix E) Kidneys and adrenal glands F) Thymus G) Testes and ovaries H) Gall bladder

A) Thyroid gland and parathyroid glands B) Pancreas C) Pituitary gland E) Kidneys and adrenal glands F) Thymus G) Testes and ovaries

The meaning of the prefix "hyper-" is A) Below B) Above C) The same as D) Inside

B) Above

What compounds are classified as non steroid hormones A) Steroid B) Amines C) Lipids D) Glycoprotein

B) Amines D) Glycoprotein

The meaning of the prefix "HYPO-" is A) Inside B) Below C) Outside D) Above

B) Below i.e. hypothyroidism: condition resulting from a below-normal secretion of thyroid hormone

What word root means "TO PASS URINE"? A) Horm- B) Diuret- C) Toc- D) Para-

B) Diuret-

The nervous and endocrine system have the same function: to regulate body functions. Which act faster? A) Endocrine system B) Nervous system

B) Nervous system

Choose the example that does not demonstrate a negative feedback loop of normal control? A) A hormone that increases blood pressure is released. Baroreceptors in the arteries sense the pressure change and stimulate the brainstem to send signals to dilate blood vessels and counter the effect, decreasing blood pressure. B) Pressure receptors sense the movement of a baby against and through the cervix during labor. They stimulate the hypothalamus to release a hormone that causes uterine contractions. This causes more pressure receptor stimulation, leading to larger releases of the hormone and stronger, more frequent contractions. Hormone release ceases after pressure sensations cease. C) A hormone is released from the hypothalamus, stimulating the anterior pituitary gland to release another hormone that is involved in metabolism. The flow of that hormone back to the hypothalamus inhibits the production of the first hormone in the pathway, also ceasing the production of the metabolism-influencing hormone. D) A gland releases a hormone that causes free blood glucose to be collected and stored after a meal. After a time, the gland detects low free blood glucose and ceases production of the hormone.

B) Pressure receptors sense the movement of a baby against and through the cervix during labor. They stimulate the hypothalamus to release a hormone that causes uterine contractions. This causes more pressure receptor stimulation, leading to larger releases of the hormone and stronger, more frequent contractions. Hormone release ceases after pressure sensations cease.

Aldosterone, cortisol, and sex hormones are all classified as what type of hormones? A) Nonsteroid hormones B) Steroid hormones

B) Steroid hormones

What are characteristic of epinephrine and norepinephrine? A) They are a steroid-based hormone B) They are derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine C) They are synthesized in the adrenal cortex D) They are amines

B) They are derivatives of the amine acid tyrosine D) they are amines

What are characteristic of endocrine glands? A) They secrete into ducts B) They secrete hormones into the blood stream C) They are ductless D) They release secretions on a body surface

B) They secrete hormones into the blood stream C) they are ductless

What is the meaning of the word root "EXO-" A) Internal B) Below C) Bark D) Outside

D) Outside

Which type of hormone would you expect to be found binding with receptors inside the target cell? A) Nonsteriod hormones B) Amino acid-based hormones C) Protein-based hormones D) Steroid hormones

D) Steroid hormones

The meaning of the suffix "-TROPIC" is A) Vessel B) Feeding C) Birth D) Influencing

D) influencing

The hormone that the spinal gland secretes is A) myostatin B) beta endorphin C) melanoma D) melatonin

D) melatonin

Which prefix mean inside? A) Exo- B) Hypo- C) Endo- D) Hyper-

Endo

Oxytocin stimulates the kidneys to conserve water.

False

Nervous system or Endocrine system Cells are celled neurons Cells release hormones Cells form a gland Duration of effect is brief unless activity continues Effects may last for days even if secretion stops Cells release neurotransitters

Nervous System: Cell are celled neurons, Duration of effects is brief unless activity continues, Cells release neurotransmitter Endocrine System: Cells form a gland Cells release hormones Effects may last for days even if secretion stops.

The duration of action of the __________ is very brief unless stimulation continues. The duration of action of the _________ may be brief or may last for days even if secretion ceases.

Nervous system; Endocrine system

The gland indicated by the letter "A" is the ______________; The gland indicated by the letter "B" is the _______________; The gland indicated by the letter "C" is the ______________. ** Add photo later***

Pituitary gland; thyroid gland; thymus

Compounds called __________ are potent paracrine substance that are present in small amounts.

Prostaglandins

Dilation of respiratory airways, released of adrenal cortex hormones, and promotion of inflammation are just some of the effects of a paracrine substance called ___________.

Prostaglandins

The hormone sensitivity of a target cells is determined by what factor? A) The chemical nature of the hormone B) The quantity of circulating hormone C) The presence and number of appropriate receptors D) The shape of the hormone molecule E) The thickness of the cell membrane

The presence and number of appropriate receptors (The number of receptors in target cells may change in ways that maintain an appropriate response to hormone levels

T or F: Enzymes that regulate the action of other enzymes by attaching phosphates to them called protein kinases.

True

Secretion of insulin causes

a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose

steroid hormones

are solute in lipids

Some cells secrete substances that affect only the cells that secrete it. These are called _________ secretions.

autocrine

A night-shift worker experiences extreme difficulty falling asleep due to being exposed to bright lights during both night and day. The unusual pattern of light exposure is disturbing their __________, which controls the release of the hormone __________.

circadian rhythm; melatonin

The secretion of parathyroid hormone is controlled primarily by the

concentration of blood calcium

Chemical signals celled _______ travel through the blood and then bind to receptors located on their target cells

hormones

Maxwell has a very high metabolic rate, is skinny, and has protruding eyes. These are symptoms of

hyperthyroidism

hormones that the posterior pituitary secrete are synthesized in the

hypothalamus

The endocrine system and the _________ system work together to control body functions and homeostasis.

nervous

A _____________ messenger is a biochemical (i.e cAMP) generated in response to the binding of a hormone to a cell-surface receptor. Its role is to induce changes by activating other enzymes.

second

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) molecule are ____________ messengers that may be activated by non steroid hormones.

second

exocrine gland difference from endocrine glands in that exocrine glands

secrete through ducts or tubes to the body's exterior

The thymus gland secretes hormones called ___________ that ___________.

theymosin; control production and differentiation of white blood cells