English! Exam! Review!

Irony in sweet like a crow

1) the poem itself, as it is effective' good, and rhythmical, which is ironic because it is in agreeing response that the Sinhalese are not musical 2) the images themselves are all rio if because they are so surprising and awkward (for example, the crow swimming in milk is ironic bc crows represent omens of death, darkness, and evil, while milk is white, pure, and nourishing, and the fact that a crow would even be swimming is juxtaposing, creating an awkward effect)

Population of Africa

1.2 billion

What were the dates of the Berlin conference

1884-85

Dates of life of Jermone David Salinger

1919-2010

What time period does this book take place in

1950s

When was TCITR published

1951

What year did Senegal become independent in

1960

When did he publish his last work in the New Yorker

1964

When did JD Salinger grant his last interview

1980

Religion in Nigeria

50% Muslims 40% Christians 10% traditional African Religions

How many countries are in Africa

54

WHEN SHOULD YOU CITE INFORMATION FROM RESEARCH THAT YOU HAVE PARAPHRASED?

A L W A Y S

Burlesque

A Ludicrous, mocking, or lewd imitation

What is nandine gordimer

A Nobel prize recipient

What does sweet like a crow create

A cacophony of sounds - sweet like a crow depicts a bunch of awful noises, such as a barbed wire being pulled across a stone court yard This creates an effect of unpleasantness, disgust, disturbance, hair raising, etc

Bildungsroman

A coming of age story

What kinds of difficulties did they examine

A deep rooted system of racial separation in South Africa (apartheid) -its effects linger on

What is a virgule?

A diagonal slash with a one letter space on each side

What is Ousmane best known as

A famous African filmmaker

Foil

A fencing sword

Chiffonier

A high chest of drawers or bureaus, often having a mirror on top

What word should you avoid using

A lot

Parapet

A low wall along the edge of a roof or balcony

What is Zionism?

A movement that grew among Jews in Europe to create a Jewish state in the Mediterranean region of palenstine that began in the mid 1800s The Jewish holecaust caused more supporters

Euphemism

A polite or vague word or phrase used to replace another word or phrase that is thought of as too direct or rude

Run-in quotation

A quotation that is mixed with the authors text/ in a seperate location

Allusion

A reference to another work of literature, person, or event

Tricolon

A series of three parallel words, phrases, or clauses

Pidgin

A simplified form of speech developed from two or more languages

circular narrative

A story that ends in the same place it began (flashback to show how you got there)

What is a clique?

A trite, overused phrase

What is colloquialism?

A word of phrase that is not formal/ is familiar/ is used in conversation (examples: y'all, ain't, gonna)

What did Yehuda Amichai write

AASISFHLGOMZ

In what ways does AEITC depict differences between treatment of men and women?

Abbound Bey has the ability to purchase Samoa to be his wife reveals that men dominate and oppress women Bey influences his wife's every action and decision, emphasizing that men were treated as human, while women were objectified

Colonial history of Nigeria

Achieved independence from British rule in 1960

Apostrophe

Address to an unseen audience

Liaison

Affair Intrigue

What did David Diop write

Africa

What are the primary opposing forces that African writers grapple with

African writers have struggled to understand the role of Africa's customs and values within a society that is liberated but still not free from European dominance Questions of which language to use when writing (would they use European language and betray their own culture?)

5 main themes and symbols from TCITR

Alienation and loneliness Death or mental instability Phoniness or hatred for the artificial Preservation of childhood/innocence Rebellion

Which author is from Egypt

Alifa Rifaat

Who wrote "Another Evening at the Club"?

Alifa Rifaat

5 Main symbols in TCITR

Allies baseball glove The ducks in Central Park Holden's red cap The catcher in the rye Museum of national history Carousel

Kudu

An African antelope

Falsetto

An unnaturally or artificially high pitched voice or register, especially in a man

What should you do instead of praising the author

Analyze the works

What did Isabel Allende write

And of Clay we are created

What did Alifa Rifaat write

Another evening in the club

Setting of TCITR

Around New England in the United States PA/NYC

Where is the novel narrated from (TCITR)

Arrestone (a mental health facility)

When did Leopold Senghor write poems

As a prisoner of war in WW2

What can the word "things" be changed to?

Aspects

Epigraph

At the beginning of the work that produces a theme In the sweet like a crow poem, it is a quote that the poem will respond to about Sinhalese having no rhythm

Halitosis

Bad breath

Ed Banky

Basketball coach at Pencey; Lets Stradlater borrow his car

Why was fadwa Tuqan kicked out of school

Because a boy sent her a flower at age 13, imposing the blame for the "scandalous behavior" on her

Denigrate

Belittle or attack

Which author is from Nigeria

Ben Okri

Which author is still living

Ben Okri

Who wrote in the shadow of war

Ben Okri

Bernice, Marty and Laverne

Bernice is the blonde who Holden was dancing with, Marty & Laverne were the other two ugly girls at the table, all from Seattle, Washington, very stupid

What did Sembene Ousmane write

Black Girl

Conflict origin between Israel and palenstine

Both nations believe they have legit claims to the holy lands (Jerusalem)

Fettered

Bound Shackled

If you want to change something in the original quote to make it grammatically correct in the context of your sentence, what can you use

Brackets to change the grammar

Luminous

Bright Emitting light

Sudan's conditions

British divided the north and south, then reunited them before independence, leading to relentless civil war, with earful bring the most recent tragedy

Livid

Bruised or discolored

What literary devices are explored in AASISFHLGOMZ?

Caesura and enjambment

What area of Africa did Britain conquer

Cairo to Capetown Nigeria A few west African regions

Impetuous

Careless Powerful

Mr. Luce

Carl Luce's father, he is a psychoanalyst

Circumspect

Cautious

What does the carousel symbolize?

Childhood Consistency

What does the museum represent

Childhood Consistency Everything stays the same, except you

Main ideas of song of becoming

Childhood, mood of peace/innocence/ growth Seriousness/uneasiness, maturity Destruction causes more destruction, intensity, boys are scarred by the war Soldiers are more than who fought, they are martyrs, action is continuous, continuation of soldiers after they died

The catcher in the rye

Childhood/protection of children from the cliff of adulthood

Where is Isabelle Allende from?

Chile

What did Uganda's arbitrary boundaries lead to?

Civil war and genocide

Lucid

Clear or unambiguous

What does it mean to tighten your papers?

Condense it, as to make them more focused, clear, and convincing

What economic cultural arose in the 50s

Consumer driven culture, leading to competition around things that we own defining us

What is needed to make your quotation meaningful and grammatically correct

Context

What three things were African nations home to before European invasion?

Creativity, wealth, and a strong sense of community ethos

The valley between us

Cultural and political gap

Had Gadya

Cycle of death Israeli-Palenstine conflict leads no where, only to death

Precarious

Dangerous

Who wrote "Africa"?

David Diop

Which authors are from Senegal

David Diop Leopold sedan Senghor Sembene ousmane

Which author died early

David Diop- he died in a plane crash :(

Ethiopia

Defeated Italy for independence

Define analysis:

Demonstrating how the parts work together to make the whole/ examining in detail

Context of song of becoming

Depicts the palenstine Israeli conflict

How does being in the 50s impact the family style of this novel

"Perfect families" , baby boomer, conservative, classic family with a picket fence where dad works and mom cooks

Imagery of I will pronounce your name

"The hard clasp of lightening" "mild like cinnamon"- vivid imagery of all sense, contributes to the overall complexity of the poem

Tina and Janine

"two french babes", sang & played he piano at Wicker Bar

How do you create an in text citation?

(Authors last name, pg #)

Universal human experiences/themes from AOCWAC

1) the delicacy of human life/ we are as fragile as Clay - nature can destroy us 2) helplessness/powerlessness: even if we dedicate our lives to a cause, impotence may strike despite our efforts 3) power of nature 4) self discovery through love: idea of seeing your wounds in another

Transformations of the Cabuliwallah

Mini- grows up, becomes mature, goes from being a bubbly and talkative little girl to a shy and reserved teenager Her father: transforms when he sees Rahmun is a father, just like him, an alteration in perspective and releasing of prejudice Rahman: continues love for mini, eventually remembers his own daughter, seeks reconciliation (still imagines mini as young) Minis mother: stays the same, hates the Cabuliwallah bc of prejudice

Characters of the Cabuliwallah

Mini: child Cabuliwallah/Rahmun: put in jail, loves mini, has a daughter of his own in Afghanistan Father: loves mini also, dislikes the Cabuliwallah at first, but grows to like him on wedding day, realizes that they are very similar Mother: hates Cabuliwallah

Sundry

Miscellaneous

What does Alifa Rifaat think oppression of women results from?

Misinterpretation of the Koran

Africa struggled against and recovered from colonization, establishing the framework for

Modern African history and literature

Economic issues of Nigeria

Most prosperous export: crude oil Agriculture has suffered from years of mismanagement and corruption (slavery and forced labor) Economic development is hindered by the country's poor transportation infrastructure Wealthiest economy in Africa

Mrs. Morrow

Mother of Ernest Morrow, Holden thinks she is a good looking woman & has some sex appeal

Goad

Motivate, urge, or inspire Something that motivates, urges, or inspires

Mount Zion

Mt is close to heaven, root of the religion, beginning of the faith Very controversial area in Israel-Palestine conflict

Which author is from turkey

Muffie Izgu

How did cars impact teens?

Multiple cars in a single family lead to a sense of freedom and independence, vehicles for rule breaking

The museum importance

Mummies did not disappear/vanish- were preserved, even though every display in the museum is one of the past/ is dead, their bodies are preserved, unlike allies He is in the tomb w the mummies, symbolizing death It is a place of no change, which Holden acquired a taste for following his brother's death Holden's desire for everything to stay exactly the same (Childhood innocence) - brings comfort to the fact that his childhood memories are unchangeable, fear of mental growth (seeing gasoline puddles/parents fighting/getting sick)- (negative) experiences not age

Who wrote Wanted: a town without a crazy

Muzaffer Izgu

Which author is from South Africa

Nadine Gordimer

Who wrote "The Moment before the Gun Went Off"?

Nadine Gordimer

Instead of saying "feelings" what should you do?

Name the feeling you're referring to

Flashback

Narrative shifts to a previous point in time

Defile

Narrow passage Gorge Canyon

Themes of the Cabuliwallah

Need for closure Bond between father and daughter Don't judge anyone by their stereotypes Loss of youthful innocence (imagination, friendliness) Growing up/change Moving up/growing apart Prejudices and its impact

Where does Holden spend about four days

New York City

Where is Ben Okri from

Nigeria

Book haram

Nigerias Islamic, radical group that strives to rebel and overthrow the government to establish their own Islamic society Terrorist attacks and mass destruction (bombings, attacks, kidnappings, acts of discordant nature) Brutal and morally destructive: burned villages, attacked schools In response to political corruption, religious tensions,and increasing level of financial diversity Formed in 2002 because of lack of religious unity and political friction Campaign of ruthless bloodshed

Should you use ellipses at the beginning and end of quoted material

No because it is usually not necessary

How is holden a picaresque (TCITR)

No main plot, but rather a series of events/adventures Told in first person Holden writes his roommates essays, hires a prostitute, flirts a lot, drinks, smokes, rebels against rules and conformity Sympathies because he lost his brother and has few friends - is likable in this way

What did Doris Lessing write

No witchcraft for sale

inverted syntax

Non conventional word order

Establishment of a tone different from that of the start of AOCWAC

Nonchalant: ordinary life breaks in as Rolf and his wife are described to be having breakfast, it is a day like any other which makes the story all the more tragic Frustration: become frustrated that they cannot get the pump, feel a sense of helplessness (both Rolfe who is right next to her and of being behind the screen) Grief: hope is lost, Rolfe is changed and needs to revert back to his former self, his wounds need to heal as the earth's holes are refilled with Clay

Personification

Nonhumans/animals take on human characteristics

Alifa Rifaat education

Not allowed to attend a university, instead was married off to her cousin, self educated

How was education different in the 50s

Not everyone had to go to college It was more of a symbol of prestige than a requirement

Secular

Not related to religion

What kinds of wiriting did early 20th century authors produce and what were its purposes

Novels, essays, short stories Western educated and were writing in European languages about the tensions of their roles as intermediaries to examine their lives.

Pedagogical

Of, relating to, or befitting a teacher or education

Bourgeois

Of, relating to, or typical of the middle class

What does a reader expect you to do with a long quotation

Offer a thorough analysis of the quote

Coroner

Official who investigates deaths not due to natural causes

In the shadow of war magical realism

Details such as the canoes transformation (go from canoes to dead animals to dead bodies) Rumors regarding the woman (feet do not touch the ground, does not flinch or move when people throw things at her, has no shadow) Effect: helps us see story through perspective of a child Contributes to overall theme of loss of innocence/gradual introduction of war The more war is revealed, the harsher reality becomes Element of suspense

Plot of black Girl

Diohuana is young and looking for opportunity, she thinks she finds it when she is hired by a family traveling to Paris Her dream turns into a nightmare when she arrives (she is oppressed, objectified, and persecuted) She commits suicide when Madame accuses her of dirtying the bathroom, when in reality it was her own children The story is about a coroner investigating her death Eventually publish small headline in newspaper (symbolic of her meaninglessness)

Characters of black Girl

Diohuana: servant, oppressed and depressed, excited for Paris The commodore: the neighbor Madame Dubois: Madame Pouchet's sister Madame Pouchet: Diouanna's boss, mother Samba: the cook, upset about the move bc will put him out of work Tive correa: drunkard, used to be a sailor that went o Europe wanting everything, left europe having nothing but addiction to wine, purpose is to foreshadow Madame's children: mean, persecute her, chant "black Girl, black Girl, she's as dark as midnight" Monsieur: distant and impatient

Sordid

Dirty Wretched

Themes of Africa

Distant past: pride and strength Recent past: pain and shame Present/future: hope/ freedom Europe has left red scars on Africa (permanent, but fresh wounds/ still hurting) Emphasis on the slow process of recovery and the bitterness of liberty (bc of all the pain it took to get there)

Which author is from zimbabwe

Doris Lessing

Who wrote "No Witchcraft for Sale"?

Doris Lessing

How did the transatlantic slave trade impact Africa

Drastically reduced the population

What parts of Africa was francophone (conquered by France)

East to west slice Madagascar

"White egrets slumbering in high branches"

Egret Symbolizes purity and patience, could be compared to the oppressed women, as they too were innocent and undeserving of oppression It could also resemble the wealthy class relaxing high above everyone else while the poor and down below, suffering

Where is Alifa Rifaat from?

Egypt

What happened in 1945

End of WW2 Salinger walked into and liberated Dachau He was deeply affected by the war and was hospitalized for a few weeks

What happened to change the scripts used by Africa

European colonization, as they enslaved, conquered, and colonized

What was African literature's diverse influences

European influences rooted in African culture

Which countries colonized Africa

Europeans : British, Portuguese, French, Belgian, and German)

Ostracized

Excluded, by general consent, from society, friendship, conversation, privileges, etc.

Situational irony

Expectations do not fulfill themselves

What should you do instead of saying someone didn't like something

Explain precisely what they thought, convey a particular opinion, craft a stronger idea with stronger word choice

Instead of saying society, what should you do?

Explain what aspect/forces of society that you are referring to

Which author is from palenstine

Fadwa Tuqan

Which author wrote song of becoming

Fadwa Tuqan

"Searching for a goat or a son"

Faith is tied to the concept of searching Both are lost and vulnerable, the father and shepherd are looking for peace and have hope/are searching for truth

Death and mental instability examples

Fantasies about death (atomic bomb, bullet in guts) Embraces death as a release from his current situations Imagines his own funeral Highlights his lack of control in a pretentious adult world

Change this sentence to active voice : Parallel structure is used by Faulkner

Faulkner uses parallel structure

What do the ducks represent?

Fear of change/ idealization of the past Fear of the adult world On brink of transformation What happens when their home changes- world and home of Holden will change as he grows older Question of what happens to you? Holden is afraid of leaving his comfortable place (childhood)

What should you not use in an analytical essay?

First person pronouns

Jermone David Salinger at McBurney School

First place he went to high school Manager of the fencing team

Grippe

Flu

Why did each nation work to control Africa

For their own economic benefit

"Floating islands of water lilies"

Freedom/oasis that Samia longs for that is tangible, yet out of reach Represent her aspirations and hopes that are being pierced by the light of their "hurricane lamp" (symbolic of her marriage/her husband's intervention)

Mal Brossard

Friend of Holden who was on the wrestling team; Goes to the movies with Holden & Ackley

Four flourishing kingdoms of Africa

Ghana, Mali, Ashanti, and Yoruba were wealthy nations that made up Africa before imperialism

Who was Rabindranath Tagore friends with?

Ghandi

Plot of no witchcraft for sale

Gideon works for the farquars when teddy is born, and immediately loves him He is loved by the family too When his boy was young, teddy and his son used to be equals and innocent of the complexity of prejudice Teddy has gotten older and distant from Gideon Gideon still loves teddy One day teddy gets bitten by a snake in the eyes, which will cause blindness Gideon he,of him through using an old African root A scientist comes and tries to figure out how he did it, but teddy refuses to say Healing takes place, and they joke about the incident now

Characters of no witchcraft for sale

Gideon: loves teddy, thinks of the farquars as family, his father was a doctor, knows the secrets of ancient African doctors, heals teddys blindness with a root, refuses to tell the scientist of that root Teddy: little yellowhead/ child, distant from Gideon later, almost blind, saved by Gideon Mrs. Farquar: treated Gideon nicely, doesn't understand him Scientist: unimpressed, thinks he was right all along, pleased with himself

"An emerald ring that came in a plush box"

Green emerald could resemble deceit (as green= sin/evil and it was inside a nice, plush box) In addition, the ring symbolizes her husband's wealth and the idea that she must act more sophisticated/ dignified, alluding to the idea that the opinions of others matter severely to her husband

Autobiographical again bc (TCITR)

Growing up setting is similar (near New York) Both very wealthy and privileged Had their innocence stolen through hardships of war and loss Enjoy isolation (Salinger goes to New Hampshire to live in solitude, Holden only fantasizes about running off to a Cabin) Managers of the fencing team Hate the movies (CITR not supposed to be made into a movie) Both are suffering PTSD (from war and loss) Loss of innocence Managers of the fencing team

Rwanda's conditions

Had the Hutu (workforce) and Tutsi (extensions of Belgium rule), which led to genocide in 1994

Unscrupulous

Having no moral code

What is surprising about rabindranath Tagore?

He spoke out against colonialism, causing him to reject knighthood

Callous

Heartless

Influence of Wheatley

Her poetry outstanded both Europe and America Led to recognition of moral bankruptcy of slavery and enabled compassion for Africans

Why was Allende exiled from Chile

Her uncle was the president of Chile, and he was assassinated. This led to dictational rule by August Pinochet, causing Allende to endure death threats and exhale

Battle of the bulge

Highest US casualties during WW2

Examples of irony in wanted: a town without a crazy

Hilmi's old job was very serious, now it is very silly The man who works hard at a job is not doing as well off as the one who is "poor" His children and wife have a great life, good education and live in a mansion The president is his friend The townspeople will bend over backwards to help the crazy, poor man who contributes nothing to society, while the man who strives to succeed and works hard at a job cannot make a substantial living, telling us that making a living in turkey is very challenging

Wanted:a town without a crazy characters

Hilmi: the town crazy/ pretends to be crazy President: does favors for Hilmi The narrator: a girl who once knew Hilmi, used to work at the office with her before he quit his job Grocer: helps reader realize importance of hilmi in this town, calls hilmi lucky Crazy Davut: the town crazy before hilmi, hit by a truck

The hunting hat importance

His independence- often takes it off when around people he knows Emphasizes conflict between wanting isolation and wanting companionship Same color as Allie and phoebes hair Alienation from others

Roberta Walsh

Holden got her a date with Bob Robinson & they didn't hit it off because she didn't like him

How do we know it is a frame narrative

Holden is telling the story of his past from arrestone center

Eddie Birdsell

Holden met him once at a party, goes to Princeton, took Faith to the dance

Childhood idealization examples

Holden sees adults as phonies plagued with flaws, while children are innocent, pure, and perfect. Shown by foundness of Allie, phoebe, the poor boy he hears singing in the streets Willingness to help children (the girl with her skates and the boys at the museum) Dreams of becoming the catcher in the rye (save children from adulthood) Holden will end up bitter and alone if he does not accept the complexity of adulthood Keeps allies baseball glove Gives phoebe his hat like a symbol of protection Wants everything to stay as it is (museum and carousel)

Sally Hayes

Holden used to "go around with her", she wrote him a long phony letter asking for him to go over on Christmas Eve to help her family trim their tree

D.B.

Holden's brother, used to be a writer but according to Holden he is a phony because he traded his writing for money & went into the screenplay business in Hollywood

Mr. Antolini

Holden's former English teacher at the Elkton Hills School. He now teaches at New York University. He is young, clever, sympathetic, and likable, and Holden respects him. Holden sometimes finds him a bit too clever, but he looks to him for guidance. He drinks heavily.

Harris Macklin

Holden's roommate for 2 moths, very intelligent but a bore, has a raspy voice & never stopped talking, best whistle & whistled while doing anything

Ward Stradlater

Holden's roommate, conceded, generous, wealthy, has a beard, built big, very muscular, secret slob, handsome, smoker

Phoebe

Holden's younger sister, pretty, smart, red hair, 10 years old, skinny, emotional, writes books

Harrowing

Horrifying

use of voice is often compared to (TCITR)

Huck Finn

Theme of No witchcraft for sale

Human relationships are fragile, we can never truly understand one another. Even if we are close, simple cultural differences can make us not understand each other Always a different side to different people This for that (if you view me and my culture as this, then I will not give you medicine)

What did Leopold sedar Senghor write

I will pronounce your name

How and why does Rolfe undergo a transformation through his experience with azucena

Idea of self discovery through love/loss Undergoes somewhat of a rebirth/resurrection Learns to confront his past rather than bottle it up He viewed the Clay that consumed her as the demons that haunted his childhood, seeing her form of torture as his own (abuse, mom was a prostitute, sister was disabled (guilt))

Romanticism examples

Idealization of the past and childhood: loves his sister and all children, holds on to allies baseball glove, wants to be the catcher in the rye Emphasis on individual development: Holden grows to allow children to reach for the ring, Holden grows to sort of want to apply himself to school, we see Holden develop throughout the novel, learns to not fear age Rejection of the artificial/hypocritical: disguised by consumer culture, hates actors and the movies, dislikes Ernie because he is phony

When should you paraphrase

If the content of the passage is more significant than the particular language used by the author

Context for block quotation

If the quote is over four lines, begin on a new line, double space it, indent ten spaces from the left margin, do not use quotation marks, put punctuation before the parenthesis

Where did he live as a recluse

In New Hampshire until he died at age 91

Transitional phrases to avoid

In conclusion To sum it up

Examples of transitional phrases

In spite of In addition Nevertheless

Where did Salinger publish many of his short stories/collections

In the New Yorker

Holden

In the beginning of chapter 25, Holden is very depressed, he is sick and he wants to run away from home, but as the chapter goes on he feels better because Phoebe is there and Phoebe makes him change his mind about running away.

Where when and how did the negritude movement begin

In the late 1920s in French speaking Africa when students and young professionals published literature about their predicament of unacceptable (Francophone Africa)

What did Ben Okri write

In the shadow of war

Augment

Increase

At the close of WWII in 1945, African nations began to move towards what

Independence

Where is rabindranath Tagore from?

India

What does Romanticism emphasize?

Individual development

Do periods and commas go inside or outside of quotation marks?

Inside

Inebriety

Intoxication Drunkenness

Characteristics of Holden's voice

Ironic Exaggeration and understatement Pessimistic and sarcastic Cursing Calls out phonies

Meaning and significance of the title of this story

Ironic: Azucena's name means lily, (which is a natural element, making her a symbol of life itself) is being destroyed by the very things that is her source of source/the very that that created her- mud/earth; nature res led change, but she is trapped in the mud and undergoes permanent change of death Rolfe: he is created anew in the mud, alteration of perspective of his childhood/ becomes one and personal with the horrors he normally just documents Life itself: emphasizes that we'd are as fragile and breakable as Clay

Which author is from Chile

Isabel Allende

Who wrote And of Clay We Are Created?

Isabel Allende

Senegal was primarily what religion

Islam

Isolation examples

Isolates himself at the football game, making up excuses for not calling people, his isolation is because of loneliness (allies baseball glove), he can't connect with others because he is bothered that allie died so young and everyone else gets to keep on living, he wants to save others (children) because he could not succeed in saving someone as special as Allie (CITR), likes children because they aren't phony, loneliness is the source of most of Holden's pain (self inflicted)> lonliness causes him to date Sally Hayes, shares his isolation dream with her and is rejected, Holden is too rich to connect with the kids that are poor, but also struggles to connect with those that are over privileged and have narrows views, alienation is Holden's only source of stability (he is in control), longs for jane, but too scared to call her

What country is Yehuda Amichai from

Israel

Why would you want to put statements in the positive form

It adds conciseness and clarity, which usually makes writing stronger

How can faulty syntax make your writing sound absurd?

It can create an error in word order, making the sentence confusing and difficult to follow

Why use active voice over passive

It is more direct and vigorous than passive

Humor in Sweet like a crow

It is silly and absurd because it was written for Ondaatje's eight year old relative

Why should you avoid praising the author?

It makes your writing seem insincere

Why shouldn't you use 'you' in an essay

It sounds unsophisticated and out of place, and it usually does not refer to the reader specifically

Why was TCITR unique and revolutionary for its time

It's authenticity, distinct personality crafted through language crafted by Holden

Mr. Cudahy

Jane's steph father, alcoholic, not nice, walked around the house naked, not sure if he harmed Jane (rape)

What is the author's full name?

Jermone David Salinger

"Shepherd" and "father"

Jesus and God Both considered guides and caretakers Source of safety

TMBTGWO Theme

Judging others does not help you understand them Headlines do not tell the full story Appearance vs reality

Phyllis Wheatley childhood

Kidnapped and brought to America as a slave at the age of 7 Served in the house of the Wheatleys in Boston Her brilliance was recognized and they saw to it that she was well educated

Inane

Lacking sense, significance, or ideas, silly

Furlough

Leave of absence

Who wrote I will pronounce your name

Leopold sedar Senghor

What % of quoted material should your paper have

Less than 20%

What were the two African countries not under European control

Liberia and Ethiopia

Romanticism

Literary movement that values emotion over reason, the individual over society's the natural over the artificial

Canon

Literature considered to be classic or valued, official religious texts

Realism

Literature that focuses on everyday experiences

Prior to the twentieth century, what languages and script were used in Africa

Literature written in African languages with Arabic script

Facts about Leopold Senghor

Lived from 1906-2001 One of Africa's greatest writers and intellectuals Strong advocate of the negritude movement Unanimously elected as senegal's first president Attempted to form a uniquely African form of socialism and democracy

Battle of hurtgen forest

Longest single battle by the United States Army

In the shadow of war theme

Loss of childhood innocence Hardship/ devastation of war There are no clear enemies or heroes in war

Compulsory

Mandatory

What can you replace the word "a lot" with in a paper

Many Multiple A great deal

What happened in the late 1950s and 60s and how were its writers affected

Many states achieved political independence, thus African writers began to reconsider their own history and culture. They researched the past to build their national futures.

What else do you need to study?

Maps and reread the stories >:0

TMBTGWO Characters

Marais Van dear Vyver: shot one of his farm laborers and killed him, disturbed by the incident, wealthy, respected the boy, father Lucas's mother: child at the same time as Van dear vyre Alida: Vyver's wife, wants him to be nominated stand as the party's parliamentary candidate for the district Narrator: hates Africans, proapartheid Lucas: farm boy who was shot

Prattle

Meaningless , Foolish talk

Which author is from Sri Lanka?

Michael Ondaatje

Who wrote sweet like a crow?

Michael Ondaatje

Plot of Cabuliwallah

Mini and the Cabuliwallah becomes best friends Then Cabuliwallah gets sent to jail Cabuliwallah comes back and sees that mini has changed Cabuliwallah missed her daughter hence why he spend so much time with mini

In the shadow of war characters

Omovo: young boy, loses his innocence through witnessing war Omovo' father: poor, tells omovo to not go out or a monster would earthmoving, tells him not to listen to the radio Soldiers: filthy, save him, kill the woman, want to hate them, but can't bc save him, rotten The woman: mysterious, wears yellow, rumors about her, brings food to refugee camps, soldiers try to get her to tell them where the other spies are, she refuses, her veil is ripper off, has a disfigured head with deep scar, suffered some effect of the war killed by the soldiers

Zimbabwe colonial history

Once a British colony known as Rhodesia

Alternative words for "you"

One People Society

Richard Kinsella

One of Holden's classmates in his Oral Expressions class; Spinner of fantastic digressions that entertained Holden but not the teacher

What two forms does the African literature of the 20the century blend

Oral and written forms

Where do colons and semicolons go in quotation marks

Outside

Background of Turkey

Overwhelmingly Muslim, secular government, unique language and culture, meeting ground for European and Islamic cultures

Where is fadwa Tuqan from

Palenstine

What is Holden's school

Pencey prep

Phoebe

Phoebe is the one who saves Holden from going over the edge. She stops him from leaving and she helps him get happy, even though she doesn't know it.

How does 1950s culture impact the novel (TCITR)

Phoniness of consumer culture Ideas of money and status Principle only talked to wealthy/hip parents

Affected

Phony or artificial

Liberia

Place for freed slaves from USA

Juxtaposition

Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts

Efficacy

Power Effectiveness

What should you not do when reviewing a work written by someone else?

Praise the author

What tense should you write in

Present tense

What does allies baseball glove represent

Preservation or idealization of childhood Loss and death

How did televisions mold teens?

Promoted culture/ objecting ideals of perfect and popular

What does Holden's red hat represent

Protection Consistency (not changing) Holden puts it on in uncomfortable situations or when he wants to be left alone Can resemble caring for someone or offering protection for them When he wears it backwards it could resemble his rebellion against the social normalities

Commissar

Public official charged with maintaining citizen loyalty

Wilhelm Stekel

Quoted by Mr. Antolini; "The mark of the immature man is that he wants to die nobly for a cause, while the mark of the mature man is that he wants to live humbly for one."

Who wrote The Cabuliwallah

Rabindranath Tagore

Which author is from India

Rabindranath tagore

Incendiary

Rebellious Inflammatory

Aesthetic

Related to beauty as opposed to usefulness

parallel structure

Repetition of grammatical and syntactical structure or patterns

Where is palenstine

Right next to Israel with the holy lands in between

Irony of No withcraft for sale

Title: witchcraft is negative magic, yet he uses it to save teddy's eyesight We already know from the title that he will not give it up Teddy: Gideon thinks teddy is the most good thing in the house, but it is reveled to be Gideon himself Teddy and Gideon have grown distant and not touched each other years, now Gideon needs to to jam the foot in his eye

Concede

To admit as true To yield or submit

Mollify

To appease the anger or anxiety in another person

Implore

To beg

Theme of I will pronounce your name (for Tama)

To connect hat Africa is not just one thing, she is many, the complexity of African culture is being overlooked by European colonizer Juxtaposes many elements to convey an increasingly passionate story about Africa's rich heritage

Purpose of sweet like a crow

To prove that Sri Lanka does have musicians and to respond to Paul Bowles's bold claim

What is used to link ideas

Transitions

Where is Muzaffer Izgu from

Turkey

Why did European intervention do to the African way of life?

Undermined it

Perfunctory

Unenthusiastic Half-hearted

Immaterial

Unimportant

Blasé

Uninterested because of frequent exposure or indulgence

Superfluous

Unnecessary Excessive

Indefatigable

Untiring Inexhaustible

Context of And of Clay we Are Created

Uses magical realism, Allende's inspiration came from the ordeal of a thirteen year old Colombian girl trapped in the mud after a 1985 avalanche. Allende watched a reporter comfort the dying girl on tv, and being a journalist herself, related The distaste was called Nevada del Ruis (snow and ice melted, causing a land slide (Lahors)) The girls actual name was Omyra Sanchez, she had haunting black eyes

Where did he go after McBurney School?

Valley forge in Pennsylvania A military school Graduated in 1936

TMBTGWO plot

Van dear Vye accidentally shot one of his servants, goes into be questioned He accidentally believed a gun was unloaded and put it in his car, Lucas rode on top, hit a large bump in the road and Lucas was shot Funeral: van dear vye pays for it, it is nice Van dear Vyver is actually boy's father

TMBTGWO Irony

Van der Vyver is not a typical South African farmer; he feels remorse and takes responsibility for the accident Lucas was his son, he was not undergoing grief bc of a lost worker but rather a lost child The people who were against apartheid would see this headline and assume awful ideas about the character without ever really knowing the truth

What did Joseph Conrad say

Vilest scramble for loot that ever disfigured the history of human consciousness

Imagery of Africa

Vivid references to slavery juxtaposed with natural elements to resemble the future change/ hope

What did muzaffer Izgu write

Wanted: a town without a crazy

What was the purpose of the negritude movement

Was to insist to Europe and Americas of the increasingly complex societies that Africa consisted of Africa had a rich and vibrant culture that was being overlooked

What does the need for a town crazy tell us about nature

We Need to be entertained and use laughter as an escape We get this escape by bringing down others/treating them as our entertainment

How does Holden come of age

We see him turn from cherishing childhood to not fearing adulthood/ realizing that children must grow Comes to accept inevitable change

Family background of Jermone David Salinger

Wealthy, Jewish family born in manhattan Born into privilege and wealth

What does felicitous mean?

Well chosen/suited to the circumstance

"The goat" and "the boy"

What is lost The ones in need of guidance Vulnerable and lost Goat- Jesus/sacrifice

Magical Realism

When fantasy and reality are blended Realism and supernatural

When is a virgule used

When more than one line of verse are run in

Dramatic irony

When the audience is more aware than a character

In what context would you use four periods in the idles of the quoted material

When the first is a normal period to indicate the end of a sentence and the other three resemble ellipses.

When do you use a comma before a quotation

When there are no quotation marks

Louis Shaney

Whooton School, Catholic, interested in tennis, met Holden while waiting for their physicals, wanted to know if he was a Catholic

Mrs. Antolini

Wife of Mr. Antolini; Is not old, not too attractive, & Wealthy; Her name is Lillian

Tumultuous

Wild In an uproar

Syntax

Word order

What types of sections should you quote directly

Words, phrases, or short passages that strengthen your argument

Which author is from isreal

Yehuda Amichai

Who write An Arab Shepherd is Searching for his Goat on Mt. Zion?

Yehuda Amichai

Allie Caulfield

Younger dead brother of Holden who owned a left handed baseball mitt with poems all over it in green ink-- Special to Holden; Smart & Nice; Died of Leukemia

Proper MLA header

Your name Mrs. Nelson Topic Due date

Where is Doris Lessing from

Zimbabwe

Alice Holmborg

a friend of phoebe who was sick when she went to the movies, her mother kept reaching over phoebe to see if she felt okay, she was getting annoyed

Caesura

a strong pause within a line of verse

Mrs. Caulfield

able to make a stink out of some situations (dog going to the bathroom in their yard), disliked Jane & her mother

Mr. Spencer

according to Holden Mr. Spencer he is old/gross, he is his old history teacher who talks about his expulsion with Holden

pathetic fallacy

ascribing feelings to things

Carl Luce

attended the Whooton School, 3 years older than Holden, intellectual with a high IQ, currently in Columbia, Holden thinks he is gay, he says the words certainly often

Al Pike

attends Choate, conceded high diver, dated Jane when Holden didn't know her, Jane says he has an inferior complex

James Castle

boy at Elkton Hills, called Phil Stabile a conceited guy, wouldn't talk it back, jumped out of the window because the boys were making fun of him, died in Holden's sweater

Frederick Woodruff

boy down the hall who bought Holden's typewriter off of him for $20, wealthy

Ernie

but fat colored guy who plays the piano at Ernie's, terrific snob, won't talk to you unless you are a big shot or celebrity, very good pianist

Selma Thurmer

daughter of the headmaster of Pencey, according to Holden she is unattractive & pathetic, she is nice to be around because she didn't hold her father to a higher standard than he was

Synesthesia

describing one kind of sensation in terms of another

Jane Gallagher

fond of athletic sports, Holden played tennis & gold with her, they saw each other all the time in the summer, they were neighbors, he first saw her at the pool at the club, introduced themselves & they became instant friends, funny, muckle mouth, always reading, pretty, one of the only ones who saw Allie's baseball mitt, not liked by Holden's mother

Sally Hayes

goes to Mary A. Woodruff, knows a lot about theater/plays/literature, stupid, phony, quiet voice, good looking, always late, talked a lot

The nuns

had bad suitcases, nice smile, big nose, glasses with iron rims, eating toast & drinking coffee, school teachers (english & history)

Mrs. Caulfield

hasn't felt healthy since Allie died, very nervous

organic imagery

internal or emotional sensation: hunger, thirst, fatigue, fear.

picaresque and picaro

involving clever rogues or adventurers, rule breaking, sketchy, also very likable Follows character on a series of adventures and uses wits to navigate Often told in an autobiographical fashion

Rudolf Schmidt

janitor for Holden's dorm, also the name he gave to Ernest's mother (to hide his real name)

What obligation did writers have in Africa

The African writers had the obligation to serve their new nations and help develop African unity

What did Rabindranath Tagore write

The Cabuliwallah

Senegal was former ally dominated by who

The French

Which organization is referred to most commonly for quotation guidelines

The MLA Association

What did Tagore win

The Nobel prize in literature in 1913

What is the irony of AASISFHLGOMZ?

The Shepherd and the father are very similar even though they are religiously different They feel similar loss and have similar goals

Libation

The act of pouring a liquid offering (especially wine) as a religious ceremony

What does romanticism reject

The artificial/hypocritical (disguised by consumer culture)

Over how many years following WWII did African nations gain independence

Three decades

Brief summary of And of Clay we are created

Rolfe flies into Chile on a helicopter to he,p with the abundance of souls trapped in the muddy graveyard He gains a connection with Azucena and is determined on her survival Broadcasts her predicament all over the world Tries to get a pump Forgets about camera (before it had distanced him from the disaster/ he was formerly detached) Stays by her, telling stories of his past and past stories President arrives, false assuring him that a pump is on the way The girl dies on the third day Rolf undergoes a deep change, and needs time to heal his inner wounds

Putrid

Rotting

What areas of Africa did Belgium conquer

Rwanda Congo

Mrs. Hayes

Sally's mother, knew Holden's mom, would call her to tell her that he was in New York, told Sally he was wild with no direction in life

In what ways is social class explored in AEITC

Samia initially begins as poor, but advances her class by marrying wealthy As she is granted more and more symbols of wealth, she is drawn deeper into this elite status The poor servant is subjugated to harsh punishment for committing no wrong, he life and future is considered less valuable than their reputation Samia' father's struggle with the lighter serves as a symbol of embarrassment for Samia, as it reveals how 'uncultured' her family is

Plot of another evening in the club

Samia marries wealth, advancing her status, but restricting her lifestyle, as she is now bound by society's expectations and pressured by the dominant presence of her reputation-preserving husband

Characters of AEITC

Samia: oppressed wife Abbound Bey:wealthy husband, dominating Father: embarrasses Samia Servant: accused of a crime she didn't commit (Gazia)

How did Europeans reconcile their motives for conquoring Africa

Saying Africans were barbarian savages and needed European influence to save them from themselves Thought they were missionaries bringing god's word to people

Who wrote black Girl

Sembene Ousmane

Where is David Diop from?

Senegal

Where is Leopold sedan senghor from

Senegal

Where is Sembene Ousmane from

Senegal

Cacophony

Series of inharmonious sounds

Ostentatious

Showy Flamboyant

Salinger's college life

Six years of collage Dropped out of NYU after one semester Moved to Austria, leaving one month before the nazi occupation Took writing classes at Columbia

What does the reader tend to do when confronted with a long quotation?

Skip them

what should you avoid using?

Slang

Adder

Snake

What are some qualities of realism

Social criticism Use of vernacular Portrayal of problems of adolescence

Realism examples

Social criticism: dislikes the phoniness of society, shown through his hatred for the movies, dislikes how cemeteries cannot let the people underground leave, dislikes people full of themselves (waiter and Ernie) Use of the vernacular: constantly cussing throughout the novel Problems of adolescents: ideas of not understanding himself, about to transition into adulthood but unsure of how it will play out, SO fears the unknown

Overly general terms to avoid

Somewhat Good Bad Very Really Quite Kind of Nice Rather

What did fadwa Tuqan write

Song of becomingign

Origin and purpose of negritude

Sought to express traditional black African culture through the arts Began in French colonies who realized taking pride in African heritage was the most effective way to counter racism Leopoldo Senghor

Where is Nadine Gordimer from?

South Africa

Where is Nelson Mandela from?

South Africa

Which country practices apartheid

South Africa

Apartheid

South Africa's far reaching system of recital segregation and discrimination

Who is Nelson Mandela?

South Africa's first democratically elected president, fought against apartheid when it ended in 1994

Declaim

Speak loudly and passionately

Always be______

Specific

Where is Michael Ondaatje from?

Sri Lanka

frame narrative

Story within a story (Holden is in a recovery home telling the story of his past)

Jane Gallagher

Stradlater's date, lived next to Holden 2 summers ago, ballet dancer, parents divorced (mom married a boozie)

Epithet

Substituting a descriptive phrase for the name of a person or place

Gladstone

Suitcase

How is the tone at the start of AOCWAC

Suspenseful, anxious, tense, and sympathize towards the girl and her husband This tone is established through melancholy phrases like "calling soundlessly" and "the odor of death"

What did Michael Ondaatje write?

Sweet like a crow

What did Salinger refuse

TCITR becoming a movie and for anyone to write a biography about him

gustatory imagery

Taste

What objects paved the way for the modern teenager

Televisions and cars

Biafran War

The 1967-70 civil war in Nigeria caused by the attempt of the state of Biafra to secede and become independent. It was the result of economic, ethnic, cultural and religious tensions among the various people of Nigeria

In the shadow of war plot

The book opens with references to three soldiers visiting a local bar to drink 'palm-wine.' The images evoked here suggest that the narrative will focus on the presence of and problems with war. The book transitions by introducing the young boy and his father. The son, Omovo, catches a view of the soldiers out of his window while listening to his radio. Father and son hear news of recent bombings in the area, but news of this doesn't irritate Omovo. Omovo is irritated with his father's instruction and distracted with the idea of looking for a woman with a black veil who passes by the house every day. As father and son continue to listen to the news on the radio, they hear about the coming of an eclipse. The information doesn't deter the father from believing that the war will continue despite the presence of an eclipse. The story moves forward when Omovo leaves the house to visit the bar where the soldiers are visiting. What prompts him to leave is that he sees the men give kids money as they pass by. Once there, Omovo finds out that both he and the soldiers have similar interests: they are looking for the same woman. Omovo returns home and we continue to see what he sees as he looks through the window. Towards the end of the story, the woman with the black veil surfaces, Omovo and the soldiers follow her, they discover corpses in the water, and the story ends with Omovo urging his father to listen about his trip to the forest. Themes of 'In The Shadow of War' include truth, loyalty, and war and morality.

Sharia

The criminal code based in Islamic law The introduction of sharia in the northern states led to thousands of deaths after provoking violence between Christians and muslims

Anaphora

The depiction of initial words or phrases of lines or sentences

What was Leopold sedan Senghor

The first president of Senegal

Theme of black Girl

The grass is not always greener Stereotypes Oppression of Africans by Europeans Hardship of repression (tainted, accused, discriminated) Idea that blacks are not important (shown by small, vague headline) Objectification (taken around to be the cook) Racial discrimination oppresses societies and unjustly limits potential, depriving us of experiencing the rich and vibrant beauty of African culture

Mrs. Schmidt

The janitor's wife who was around the age of 65

Normandy day

The largest seaborne invasion in history

Relationship between analysis and quoted material

The longer the quote, the more analysis required Each quote requires analysis, or else it's not worth quoting

What did Nadine Gordimer write

The moment before the gun went off

What is Yehuda Amichai

The most widely translated Hebrew poet since king David

What did people sedan Senghor help found

The negritude movement

What was Senegal's literature and art shaped by

The negritude movement

What is Doris lessing

The oldest person to win the nobel prize in literature

Asyndeton

The omission of connections

What does romanticism idealize

The past and childhood

What is the point of view of AASISFHLGOMZ? How is it effective?

The point of view begins from the father looking for his son At first he calls the Arab shepherd "he", isolating and emphasizing that their vats differences He calls him "we" in the second stanza as if to signify that they are not very different and have common interests They understand each other so their differences dissolve

Define griot

The praise speakers: poets, historians, and musicians who travel and carry on the oral tradition

How do you mark off a quote within a quote in a blocked quotation

The quotation mark remains unchanged

Recent political developments of turkey

The rise of an Islamic fundamentalist movement in turkey, combined with widespread Turkish disapproval of the 2003 US invasion of iraq have strained Turkish and US relations Recently the journalist from the United States went there and was attacked and kidnapped

Another word for the cake of Africa

The scramble for Africa

What happened between 1500-mid 1800s

The transatlantic slave trade

What is vernacular?

The use of everyday speech such as slang or curses

What was the Berlin conference

The west officially partitioned the continent among the major European nations and attempted to establish a permanently dependent status for Africa

Africans were referred to by Europe as

The white man's burden

Why should you avoid euphemisms?

They are often awkward and draw attention to themselves

Thirteen vague words to avoid:

This That Society It Thing Some Thoughts Beliefs Feelings Emotions Issues Problems How

"With both hands gently patted on her cheeks"

This gesture was used earlier in the story to symbolize Bey and Samia's relationship /to reassure Now it is used to resemble dominance, power dynamic, and the fact that Samia lives her life in fear (Like a pat to a slap)

How did European intervention impact African way of life?

Though mass killings, slavery, and imposing their government, language, and religion on the conquered territories.

What is the price that Samia pays for her lifestyle?

Though she lives a prestigious lifestyle, her elite status limits her moral prestige, as she is trapped in a situation of limited self control. She is oppressed by her overpowering husband, shown by when he makes the decisions for her (she will go the club, they will not admit their mistake to the authorities because it dangers their reputation) She gave up education and family in exchange for wealth Has to lie about where she is from/ looses respect and connection with her family) Gives up ability to have a job- her new job is to look pretty, be happy, and be carefree

Judicious

Thoughtful Astute

Naomi Shihab Nye: fundamentalism

lack of punctuation except for question marks. This gives the poem a loose feel, open ended. First stanza: the person is not yet grown enough to form their own opinions/ see over the crowd, prevented by an obstacle from seeing the bigger picture, they can only see what is in front of them Second stanza: having a secret is to have power or control over something no one else understands, just as they wan to gain the holy lands Third stanza: mystery- the suspense and wonder of the unknown, stick to what you know/follow the text of the Koran Fourth stanza: struggle to satisfy the heavens' never-ending/ constant strife Fifth stanza: like the king (God) more than the commoners that you are fighting- brutal war where carrying out the will of Allah is more important that the villages one destroys Sixth stanza: afterlife is the party and the guards are his angels Seventh stanza:Even with a broken pencil, the boy can still retrieve the situation, he can use his sharp blade to work out a new point and revive his education. The point being, it is better to use one's brains than follow mindlessly into a war started by others, despite the father's involvement. Believe in the last part: often related to religion, but here it is used in a positive light

Jeannette Cultz

mentioned by Sally saying the rented a skating skirt at Radio City music hall

kinesthetic imagery

movement

Motifs of song of becoming

nature and trees

Bobby Fallon

old childhood friend, him & Holden hang out, Allie wants to come but Holden says not, he regrets saying no

Commander Blop

on a date with Lillian, didn't really like her, only for her appearance, disliked Lillian just like Holden, he says that no one actually likes her

Jim Steele

really Holden trying to cover up his real identity

Robert Ackley

roomed next to Holden, senior, very weird,tall, acne, never left his room, Holden didn't like him, hates Stradlater, slob, very nosy

Phoebe

she is very neat, dresses well, is playing Benedict Arnold in a school play, very emotional

visual imagery

sight

olfactory imagery

smell

Anne Louise Sherman

some girl Holden was messing around with for a night, she was a phony

Ernest Morrow

son of the lady who sits next to Holden on the train, goes to Pencey, according to his mother he is a quiet boy who "doesn't mix well with the other boys", Holden tells her that he is one of the most popular boys at school

auditory imagery

sound

Horwitz

the cab driver who Holden asks where the ducks live at Central Park, more concerned about the fish than the duck

Enjambment

the continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza.

Maurice

the elevator man who sets Holden up with the prostitute, beats Holden up

Lillian Simmons

the girl Holden's brother used to go around with, big boobs, was on a date with a Navy officer (Commander Blop), Holden says she's a major phony

Mr. Haas

the headmaster is Elkton Hills, Holden's old school

Jim Steele

the name that Holden gives to Sunny, 22 years old

Dicksteins

the people that had the other apartment on Holden's floor

Sunny

the prostitute, just wants to get it over with, small voice, stole $5 from Holden

Epigraph

the use of a quotation at the beginning of a work that hints at its theme

Polysyndeton

the use, for rhetorical effect, of more conjunctions than is necessary or natural

Valencia

the woman who goes up to sing instead of Tina & Janine, Holden asks the bartender to see if she will have a drink with him

tactile imagery

touch

biased narrator

unreliable narrator/ opinionated and untrustworthy

Faith Cavendish

used to be a burlesque stripper, went to a dance at Princeton with some guy Holden knew

Carl Luce

used to go to the Whooton School, knew a lot about sex, supposed to be Holden's student advisor when we went there, always says certainly

Mr. Caulfield

very wealthy, corporation lawyer, invests money in Broadway shows

Types of Imagery

visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, kinesthetic, organic

Carl Luce

went to the Whooton School with Holden

Diction

word choice