English for Academic and Professional Purposes
grammatical conventions
involve correctness of sentence formation, usage and mechanics
body
meat of the paper and where the essay's arguments, ideas and results are developed and discussed
thesis statement
presents the main idea/central idea of an essay
summarizing
provides only the main points and eliminates extra details
lowercase letters
represent the details with subdivisions
Roman numerals
represent the main idea/category
Arabic numbers
represent the subdivision or details within subtopics
uppercase letters
represent the subtopics within each main idea
delete non-essential ideas in a text, erase redundant information, substitute general terms into specific terms, identify the topic sentence
rules in summarizing
Roman numerals, uppercase letters, Arabic numbers, lowercase letters
standard format of an outline
identify the topic, identify the main category, create first category, create sub-categories
steps in making an outline
use of synonyms, use different sentence patterns, change in the order of ideas
steps in paraphrasing a text
read the title, first few paragraphs, conclusion
strategies in locating a thesis statement • ____ of the text • if the text has no abstract or executive summary, read the ___ as the thesis statement is usually located here • in other cases, you may also check the ___ where authors dum up and review their main points
introduction, body, conclusion
structure of an academic text
conclusion
the closing statement of the paper
style
the control of the language that is appropriate to the purpose, audience and context of the writing task
academic language
the language used by the students in working on academic tasks
academic writing
the process of writing analytically - breaking down of ideas with the purpose of presenting information
organization
the progression, relatedness and completeness of ideas
introduction
the thesis statement of the paper that describes the main idea of the whole essay
focus
the topic/thesis/subject established by the writer
support and elaboration
the writer provides sufficient elaboration to present the ideas and events clearly
factual thesis statement, reporting a topic, influence someone
tips in formulating a thesis statement formulate a ____if you are ____ to the reader but if you have the intention to ____, write a thesis statement that has a proposition that urges him/her to examine the whole composition
paraphrasing
to rewrite a phrase by employing your own words but has the same meaning from the original text
topic outline, sentence outline
two kinds of outline
thesis statement
usually one to two sentences that appears in the end of the first paragraph which offers an exact summary of and article, text, research paper and others
vague or ambiguous, too specific
weaknesses in writing thesis statement • some claim that if the thesis statement is ___, it is considered as broad thesis statement • another is when the thesis statement is ___ to be developed into an academic paper which is called narrow thesis statement
complexity, formality, precision, accuracy, hedging, objectivity, explicitness, responsibility
8 main features of academic writing
conclusion
a brief restatement of the main arguments and facts that have been treated in the essay
summarizing
a condensed verisoon of an original passage or writing
outlining
a format used to organize a list of topics
academic text
a reading material that provides information which includes concepts that are related to the specific discipline
topic outline
composed of short phrases and it is used if the topics are easy and simple
summary
considerably shorter that the original work
sentence outline
done in complete sentences and it is useful in dealing with difficult topics/details
conference papers, dissertations, essay, article, textbooks
examples of academic text
paraphrasing, summarizing, outlining, thesis statement
examples of academic writing
focus, organization, support and elaboration, grammatical conventions, style
features of effective writing
thesis statement
found in the introductory part of a write-up
to expose the topic of a paper, to provide the reader with a blueprint for what is to come, increase your speed in reading by finding the thesis statement of the paragraphs
functions and purpose of a thesis statement
true
if the writer discussed the topic too broadly, the focus is weak. true or false?