English Test (3/23/16)

A pre-Civil war disagreement is slavery. The North division was named a free state which meant that they did not have slaves while, down in the South many families owned slaves and felt as though it was apart of life. The battle of slavery lead to many fights across the United States. Now we have disagreements about gay marriage, alcohol age, driving age, but none of these have caused the states or nations to fight against each other.

Compare and contrast the divisions in the United States during the pre-Civil War era with divisions that have occurred in later periods.

1

Divorce was rising with ___ of every 12 marriages ending in divorce. Women who stayed at home to raise a family suddenly had more opportunities for self-fulfillment.

The Romanticism time period was 1820 to 1860. The movement spread quickly from Germany to the United States. The key ideas of this time period were inspiration, nature, and metaphors of organic truth.

Explain the American Romanticism: include dates, the impetus, and key ideas.

religion moral social economic

Finally, elements of culture is addressed. What are the _____ and ______ beliefs of the characters? What are the ______ and ______ conditions like? These details are often conveyed through the dialect and detailed descriptions used by regionalist writers.

The shift keeps you guessing through out the story and it keeps the ending unpredictable

How do shifts in point of view affect the level of suspense?

At first the Civil War seemed noble and patriotic, but as the war went on and the death roll rose reality struck. Romantics had glorified the nation for the war because they believed it was an expression of patriotism.

How was the Civil War an expression of Romanticism at first?

Whitman and Dickson both wrote with a new unique voice with passion and originality. They both broke poetry wide open. Whitman wrote many poems about current issues and events, from the sad plight of slaves to the assassination of Abe Lincoln. He wrote in free verse. (Romantic) Dickson on the other hand, wrote through the inspiration from her own thoughts. (Unromantic)

How were Whitman and Dickinson alike? How were they unlike?

college-educated

However, nearly half of ______________ women chose not to marry at all.

homemakers

In 1900, around the time that Kate Chopin wrote "The Story of an Hour," most married women were _________.

inseparable

In regional literature, setting, characters, and plots are usually __________.

America was changing from a predominantly rural society to an urban one and was experiencing effects of the Industrial Revolution.

In the United States, realism was also the product of rapidly changing society. What were some of these changes occurring in the United States?

public reaction debate

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, novels and short stories with a contemporary theme typically dealt with issues that generated strong ______ ______ and _____ for that era.

After the Civil War they knew that they couldn't go into the war because it would cause many difficulties throughout. These difficulties include financial troubles and death tolls, which is what made the United States a somber nation.

In what sense was the United States "a wiser, more somber nation" after the Civil War?

The Glided Age left many people thinking that they would all be luxuries, that was not the case. Many citizens faced problems such as working, food, money loans, powerless moving, and many other hard problems.

In what way was The Glided Age an area of both Haves and Have-Nots?

African Americans gained citizenship and equal protection under the law as well as the right to vote, and all of the Confederate States returned to the Union.

In what ways was Reconstruction successful?

Mark Twain Bret Harte Kate Chopin Charlotte Perkins Jack London

Name 5 major authors of the Naturalism, Realism and Regionalism time period.

Because I Could Not Stop For Death We Grow Accustomed to the Dark Much Madness

Name three poems Emily Dickinson wrote.

women

One social issue in particular that emerged in the second half of the 19th century was the role of ______ in society.

5

Only about ____ percent of college-educated women held jobs. In spite of this, the situation of women in the United States was changing.

medicine society

Professions in law, _____, and journalism began to open up. The women's rights movement also led women to expect more about what roles they would play at home and in _____.

Romanticism

Realism was born as a reaction to ___________.

women, neighborhoods, geographical regions, religions

Social themes deal with issues that concern a particular group of people such as...

geographical physical rivers

Some of the key elements of this include _________ location and _______ features such as _______.

Final decades of the 19th century. Time of rapid change and sharp contrast. "Captains of Industry" assumed vast fortunes by exploiting the cheap labor of immigrants and other workers who flooded the cities in search of work. (Reflected harsh and new reality) Authors included: Theodore Presier, Frank Norris, Jack London, Stephen Crane "The Financier", "The Octopus", "White Fang", "The Call of the Wild"

State a solid description, key characteristics, and popular writers/works of the Naturalism time.

The end of the Civil War, the country's rapid expansion and the growth of industry led to the birth of Regionalism. Regionalism had emphasis on everyday experience, grew out of realism. Authors sought to record for the future, unique characters of their areas. Bret Harte, Mark Twain, Willa Carther "A Wagner Matinee", "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn"

State a solid description, key characteristics, and popular writers/works of the Regionalism time.

Women writers tended to be realist. They were growing impatient to have a larger voice in every aspect of public life. (Spread of university education) Authors included: Kate Chopin, Perkins Gilman, Edith Wartin, Mary Wilkins Freeman "The Age of Innocence", "The House of Mirth", "The Awakening"

State a solid description, key characteristics, and popular writers/works of the Women Writers time.

Focus on complex characters who are ordinary people, not heroes or villains Portray ordinary settings, especially these that allow for accurate depictions of society and culture Depict dialogue that captures the dialect and idioms of conversation

Summarize the basics of: Complex Characters in Ordinary Places

Detached observation allows the narrator of a story to sound unbiased and distant Reader is allowed to draw their own conclusions

Summarize the basics of: Detached Narration

Realist themes are typically concerned with class conflicts, urbanization, marriage, and family life

Summarize the basics of: Social Themes

setting time place

The depiction of ________ is a key component of the effectiveness of regional writing, which include the ______ and _______ in which a story's events occur.

historical

The time in which the events of the story take place can include the season of the year or a ________ period.

washing sewing vacuum

Time-consuming tasks in the home were gradually being replaced by new technology- such as _____ machines, _____ machines, and ______ cleaners- allowing women to direct their attention to other endeavors.

Complex characters in Ordinary Places Detached Narration Social Themes

What are the three characteristics of Realism?

Situational irony Dramatic irony Verbal irony

What are the three types of irony?

F-Format A-Audience P-Purpose P-Perspective of Writer

What does F.A.P.P stand for?

It means that they were in the middle of the Romanticism and Realism period causing them to transition with the time period.

What does it mean when they call Whitman and Dickinson "transitional" poets?

Told by a voice outside the story who focuses on one character's thoughts and feelings

What is third-person limited point of view?

Told by a voice outside the story who reveals the thoughts and feelings of all the characters

What is third-person omniscient point of view?

Occurs when someone states one thing and means another

What is verbal irony?

Pre-Civil War women had duties at home, at Church and in the community, but very few political and legal rights. It began the campaign for women to vote; which finally happened in 1920.

What was the role of women in the 1800's to pre-Civil War in America? How did the Women's Suffrage Movement change American women?

1870-1910

What was the time period for Regionalism and Naturalism?

Emily Dickinson was a poet during the Romanticism period. She was born on December 10, 1830 in Amherst, Massachusetts.

Who was Emily Dickinson? Where and when was she born?

Walt Whitman developed a unique style of poetry. He was born on May 31, 1819 in Huntington Station, New York.

Who was Walt Whitman? Where and when was he born?

These stories were important to the cause of antislavery. These slave narratives made readers care about the slaves and make them feel like real human beings who longed for freedom. All of the slave narratives, whether today or in the 1900's, are important because they have historical context.

Why are slave narratives important, both in their own time and today?

People idealized the war because they wanted to be the hero. Many people didn't want the war to end to soon because they didn't want to miss their chance to become an American hero. I believe many people didn't think it was going to end up being so deadly and ugly.

Why would people idealize or romanticize a war in its early stage?

Social group

_____ themes deal with issues that concern a particular ________ of people.

Harte's colorful writing helped shaped the Western genre. It also inspired emigration to the developing region of the American west. Harte writing made him one of America's most popular and highly paid literary figures.

How did Bret Harte help shape the Western genre?

The circumstances of the Reconstruction influenced writers by trying to capture the customs, characters, and landscapes of the nations distinct regions, known as regionalism.

How did Reconstruction influence writers of the time?

The railroad brought a flood of new settlers west (westward expansion). The railroad also expanded industry, this made more people move to larger cities like Chicago.

How did the transcontinental railroad transform the United States?

The westward expansion created an appreciation for America's diversity.

How did westward expansion influence writers of the time?

People may ask, "How do you know the people have changed?" In the reading it states that after the Civil War people began saying "The United States is..." instead of "The United States are..." The group of states had became one nation together after the war.

How might one challenge the idea that the United States was wiser after the Civil War?

Realism is writing that offers an accurate and detailed portrayal of actual life. This method of writing developed in the mid-19th century. Romanticism was a literary movement that glorified the individual and celebrated the emotions and imagination. In the early 19th century romanticism dominated.

How were Realism and Romanticism movements different?

The United States was a "house divided against itself" by the way it was divided into the north and the south. The North was based on trade and industry, while the South focused on agriculture.

In what sense was the United States in 1858 "a house divided against itself?"

jobs activities

It may also include details such as the ______ and daily __________ of the characters.

place

These issues are usually specific to a time and _____, but they may echo in other cultures and times as well.

feminist

This issue preoccupied writers of many nationalities and inspired ______writers of the 19th century.

Her first two volumes were a hit, everyone loved them. Then when she wrote The Awakening she was criticized for immoral writing. It wasn't until she was dead that her writings became popular again.

What happened to Kate Chopin's writing?

Samuel Langhorne Clemens

What is Mark Twain's real name?

Figure of speech exaggerating the truth

What is a hyperbole?

Distinctively American form of storytelling featuring outlandish characters and events often with a comic effect

What is a tall tale?

The technique of downplaying the significance of the outlandish, often to ironic or humorous effect

What is an understatement?

Unique combination of ideas, values, feelings and beliefs that influence the way the writer looks at a topic

What is authors perspective?

When readers know more about a situation or a character in a story than the characters do

What is dramatic irony?

Told by a character in the work whose knowledge is limited to his or her own experience

What is first-person point of view?

A story within a story, within sometimes yet, another story.

What is frame narrator?

Writing that brings a region alive by portraying its dress, mannerisms, customs, character types and speech

What is local color?

Contrast between what is expected to happen and what actually does happen

What is situational irony?

Look for characters who have little control over their fate, and ask yourself what social factors contribute to their situation. Clarify the conflict in the story and determine to what extent they are caused by forces beyond a character's control. Examine direct statements of a character or narrator opinions to see whether these provide clues to the theme. Think about the author's reason for writing the story.

What must you look for in order to identify social themes?

Harte moved frequently and had poor health which kept him from formal schooling, he read widely on his own. He published his first writing at age of 11. After his father died he began working many different jobs it was until he was a journalist for a newspaper he began to publish his stories and articles. He wrote and edited stories, articles, humor and literary criticism for two newspapers.

What was Bret Harte's purpose of writing? What encouraged him to write?

Gilman's father abandoned her and her family shortly after her birth. She was guided by her aunt and Charlotte grew into a well-adjusted, independent women. Was a feminist writer, social activist, public lecturer, editor, and publisher; she rode the wave of reform that washed over the United States in the late 19th century.

What was Charlotte Perkins Gilman purpose of writing? What encourage her to write?

Before 21 London had turned 21 he had more adventures than a Hollywood action hero. Once he began publishing stories about his experiences, he became an international celebrity. His works brought before the reading public a fresh style and subject matter that proved popular and profitable.

What was Jack London's purpose of writing? What encouraged him to write?

Started writing at the age of 32. After her husband died her doctor suggested that she write to get through her grief. Encouraged that was her very first story. She gradually developed an interest in complex issues such as the longing of freedom and self-fulfillment among women.

What was Kate Chopin's purpose of writing? What encouraged her to write?

Twain began working at an early age after his father's death. He worked for a printer and newspaper company which began a lifelong connection to journalism and led to his first published writing. Twain traveled the world sharing his experiences in sketches, letters and lectures.

What was Mark Twain's purpose of writing? What encouraged him to write?

1855-1870

What was the time period for the Age of Transition?

They would learn people's experiences during the time of the Civil War. People would learn about slavery and how bad the war was, this lead to abolitionist.

What would typical readers of the Civil War area learn from a slave narrative?

O Captain! My Captain! O me! O life! A Child Said, What is the Grass?

Name three poems Walt Whitman wrote.

Native Americans: Settling of the west forced them off their land and onto reservation Freed African Americans: The failures of the Reconstruction left many of them poor and powerless Immigrants: found themselves working 16 hour day jobs

Which groups of people didn't benefit from the advantages of The Glided Age? Explain.

Lincoln ignited the war because he pledged to stop the spread of slavery. This caused the southern people to get irritated and form the Confederate States of America.

Why did Lincoln's election cause the southern states to secede?

The reason this period was known as the Glided Age was because it was a time of sparkle, and glitter and luxury and excess.

Why was Glided Age called the Glided Age?