English Unit Five

What about snow makes it particularly suited to a poem about the brevity of beauty?

In the poem, the poet is displaying the importance of making the most of your life, as even 50 years tend to go by so fast. To portray this idea, he uses the words "And since to look at things in bloom" in reference to focus on the happy or beautiful things in life rather than the opposite. However, contradicting the beauty of something in bloom, the poet uses the word "snow" in the line, "To see the Cherry hung with snow". What the poet refers to here is that, since life is short, one should not waste his life searching for things that are not in the beautiful and enjoyable state of being in bloom. Since snow could be a representative of something that masks something's beauty or presence, the poet uses the word to further display the overall meaning of the poem that life is too short to focus on and seek things that "mute" something's true beauty and potential. PARTIAL CORRECT

Read the following poem and try to explain its impact based on the connotations of the words the poet used. What is the poet comparing? What effect does this create? How do the connotations of heaven, infinity, and eternity affect the meaning of the poem? To see a world in a grain of sandAnd a heaven in a wild flower,Hold infinity in the palm of your handAnd eternity in an hour.--William Blake

In this poem, William Blake first compares the world to a grain of sand and heaven to a wildflower. What he could be comparing is the size of earth in comparison to heaven. Although, he could also be implying that the world is inconsistent and can tend to "go whichever the wind blows it", similar to a grain of sand, which emphasizes the stability and beauty that the wildflower brings to the picture. These words also seem to paint a picture of a world the size of a grain of sand, small and lost in the crowd, while a beautiful wildflower stands nearby, offering a ray of sunshine and hope. This ray of light and hope could represent heaven, with its roots planted firmly beneath the ground emphasizing the stability and comfort being in its presence can bring. "Hold infinity in the palm of your hand" and "And eternity in an hour" could demonstrate how fast time goes by, even if it might sound like an eternity. The poet could be using this to demonstrate the importance of living each day intentionally and focusing on the good and virtuous aspects of life. However, he could also be referencing the fact that God holds the world in his hand and that the rapture of the church where Christ's followers will spend eternity with Him in heaven is approaching very soon. The words heaven, infinity, and eternity all add great meaning to the poem, but they also leave much room for various interpretations. This is because one person might interpret heaven as a happy place or feeling rather than the actual destination. However, these words also greatly affect the meaning of the poem as it offers the opportunity for interpretation from a biblical standpoint since they are words closely tied to scripture and seem to be derived from a biblical context. I feel like these words are important as they could be included to paint a picture in the mind as if God is looking down from heaven onto the earth and describing what He sees. For example, the earth may appear to be a small grain of sand, while the beauty of the wildflower serves as a symbol of hope for anyone to discover and enjoy, but also something that one may walk past and discard. Lastly, the other words could represent how God holds all time in His hands and provides hope that eternity with Him will come very soon.

What is the etymology of this word? Use your dictionary if necessary. employ

Latin implicare

What is the etymology of this word? Use your dictionary if necessary. tribulation

Latin tribulare

Give the original language from which this term was derived. You may use a dictionary. mongoose

Marathi

A(n) __________is a reference to anything, but a(n) _____________is a reference to a work of literature.

allusion literary allusion

High-minded. As used in the Bible, high-minded means haughty or proud. Today's meaning is noble in thought or sentiment.

amelioration

Naughty. Naughty as used in the Bible and Shakespeare means evil ("So shines a good deed in a naughty world.") Today it means mischievous or disobedient.

amelioration

Nice. Derived from Latin ne scio, I do not know, nice meant silly or ignorant when borrowed into English. Through the phrase a nice distinction it came to mean precise. Today it means pleasing or friendly.

amelioration

improvement in the meaning or status of a word

amelioration

Which choice has the following connotations, cultural and individual? Uncle SamU.S. ConstitutionWashingtonLincolnliberty and justice for allfreedom of speech and religion

american

Prestige, borrowed from French, is derived from Latin praestigium, illusion, or juggler's trick.

amerlioration

a language which uses word order to express grammatical relationships

analytic language

Sometimes spelling reform works in reverse, making spelling less phonetic. The words doubt and debt were borrowed from French as douse and det (or dette), but a new awareness of their Latin origins led scholars to insert a b in each to reflect their etymologies. Look up both words in your dictionary. What is the proper Latin root of doubt?

dubitare

Give the original language from which this term was derived. You may use a dictionary. tattoo

dutch

For every one of the ough sounds represented by the seven words in the paragraph box, type a non- ough word which rhymes with that word. enough:though:through:bough:bought:cough:hiccough:

enough: stuffthough: fauxthrough: blewbough: plowbought: taughtcough: offhiccough: pickup

the history of a word traced through changes in meaning and form to the earliest known form of the word

etymology

Every culture has a word for democracy.

false

Morphemes are the same thing as syllables.

false

What is the etymology of homonym?

from Greek homos

Look up etymology in your dictionary. What is the etymology of etymology?

from Greek to Latin to French to English

Though Adam could not outrun a gazelle or fly like a hawk, he was superior to the animals God had made. What set him apart from them?

his ability to communicate using language

According to the text, which of the following contribute to changes in language (Mark all that apply.)?

historical events inventions discoveries new Ideas individuals contact with other cultures social reform historical crises

the verb form used to indicate a command or instruction

imperative mood

The concept of grace is _____ in Christ's Resurrection.

implicit

a word part used to indicate tense, mood, gender, case, and number

inflection

The telephone is an _____ invention.

ingenious

a system of spelling

orthography

Propaganda. Originally propaganda meant a system for propagating (spreading) religious doctrines, then any kind of ideas. As used today, it generally means the dissemination of political opinions for the purpose of biasing judgment (brainwashing).

pejoration

The noun cavalier (from French chevalier, knight, horseman) becomes an adjective meaning arrogant or haughty.

pejoration

a meaning change in which a word is downgraded in meaning or status

pejoration

one letter or symbol corresponding to one sound

phoenetic

Which of the following are inflectional morphemes?

-s -ed -ing -est -er -en

to make a borrowed word resemble English in pronunciation, spelling, or form

Anglicize

What does Paine mean by "the precariousness with which all American property is possessed"?

Britain was likely to attempt to take all the American land holdings.

What is the etymology of this word? Use your dictionary if necessary. gauche

French, literally, left

From what language did English borrow bratwurst?

German

Give the original language from which this term was derived. You may use a dictionary. amen

Hebrew

Greek, Latin, and English are _____ languages.

Indo-European

Use your dictionary to find the language from which the following word traces its earliest origin. mercy

Latin

What is the etymology of this word? Use your dictionary if necessary. sheriff

Old English shire reeve

From what language did Old English borrow merci?

Old French

Since connotations are the several different meanings in which a word evokes, a word's connotation can provoke several different translations of the same word which could then hinder its effectiveness in speech as well as writing. For example, the word "cool". Its commonly accepted use as a slang term has interfered with its ability for its definition of "a low temperature" to be taken seriously in a more formal environment. Since the connotation of this word evokes a more informal meaning, it is fundamentally unsuitable for use in formal writing and speeches.

PUNCTUATION AND SPELLING

Give the original language from which this term was derived. You may use a dictionary. zebra

Portuguese

What are some of the connotations of power?

Power:- superiority- strength- control- voltage- electricity- quick- short

What does the behavior of the Israelites in Exodus 16:14-15 tell you about people and language?

They want everything to have a name.

Woden's day, in Modern English, is _____.

Wednesday

What is the meaning of this Greek root? arch

a ruler

What did the Israelites find in Exodus 16:14-15?

a small thing like frost on the ground

One advantage of unsystematic spelling is that it enables us to distinguish the written forms of homonyms from one another. What is a homonym?

a word that has the same sound as another word

Fond, which meant foolish in Shakespeare's time, now means affectionate.

amelioration

What meaning does ought have in Ruth 1:16-17?

anything

Many of the words in the beautiful passage of Ruth 1:16-17 are no longer in common use. These words are _____.

archaic

a word no longer commonly used in a language but retained because it preserves the flavor of a period

archaic word

The word masticate, which means to chew, has most recently been affected by _____.

becoming obsolete

Wasser and water are examples of .

cognates

the inflection of verbs; a class of verbs inflected in the same manner

conjugation

the suggestions or implications associated with a word in addition to its literal meanings

connotations

What is the proper Latin root of debt?

debitum

the inflection of nouns; a class of nouns inflected in the same manner

declension

a variety of speech peculiar to a particular region or social group

dialect

Recall that silent e is usually dropped before -able is added to an English word, except to indicate a soft c or g in the root (Likeable is an exception to this rule.). Choose the correct form.

disposable

Attitude and aptitude, words which were derived from the same source word, are an example of a(n) .

doublet

What are the homonyms of do?

due dew

Chairman. At medieval conferences the only man privileged to sit in a chair was the one in authority. Today chairman means one who presides over a meeting.

generalization

Noble. The noun noble (from Latin nobilis, well known) means aristocrat. The adjective means illustrious or morally superior.

generalization

word meaning changing from specific to general or extending to include a related concept

generalization

a change in the pronunciation of Germanic consonant sounds occurring about 800 B.C.

german consonant shift

meaning determined by or through syntax and morphology

grammatical meaning

Give the original language from which this term was derived. You may use a dictionary. protein

greek

pronounced in the throat

guttural

Her decision not to tell the secret was _____.

judicious

What is the meaning of this Greek root? bio

life

a word borrowed from another language, sometimes altered to fit the characteristics of the new language

loan word

Which choice has the following connotations, cultural and individual? brotherly loveromantic lovephiladelphiaagapelove of Godcharitylove of familyeroslove of country

love

_____ grass covered the hillside.

luxiriant

What is the meaning of this Greek root? anthropo

man

What name did the Israelites give to the thing they found in Exodus 16:14-15?

manna

The Old English root monath means _____.

month

the smallest unit of semantic or grammatical meaning, including words, bases, affixes, and inflections

morpheme

the relationship of word parts to one another

morphology

What did God ask Adam to do in Genesis 2:19-20?

name the animals

Does Paine state any facts in the passage from "Common Sense?"

no

Select the - l y words that are adverbs. Some affixes have more than one use. One tricky suffix is -ly, which usually, but not always, denotes an adverb.

resolutely reasonably truly fiercely emphatically

symbols from an old Germanic alphabet of twenty-four characters called runes

runic symbols

Define the roots. Use a dictionary if you need to. homonym homos onymna

same name

the denotative and connotative meaning(s) of a word; that which the word symbolizes

semantic meaning

a meaning change from general to specific or broad to narrow

specialization

Define the roots. Use a dictionary if you need to. orthodontist orthos odontos

straight teeth

the verb form indicating desire, supposition, or a situation contrary to fact or which may or may not exist

subjunctive mood

the aspect of grammar dealing with word order and word relationships

syntax

a language that uses inflections to communicate grammatical relationships

synthetic language

In the old Roman calendar, December was the _____ month.

tenth

Every culture has some form of religion.

true

What are the homonyms of to?

two too

Which choice has the following connotations, cultural and individual? dutytaxesnationalismmilitarycountrycitizenshipstrengthflagwar bonds

uncle sam

a word or phrase formed from a verb and acting as a noun or adjective; a participle, infinitive, or gerund

verbal

came from

whence

no movement or action indicated

where

going to

wither