ENTR 3000 exam 1 (quizzes 1-7)

Hughes (2010) argues for a distinction between determinist and voluntarist approaches Determinism refers to-

Change is determined by the environment

There are a number of commonly held myths about creativity. Which of the following is NOT a commonly held myth about creativity?

Creativity exists in the sciences.

A key aim of change management is to manage processes in a way that ensures the likelihood of -

Attaining a preferred future.

ADKAR Model for Change stands for-

Awareness, desire, knowledge, ability, and reinforcement

Alternative conceptions of time highlight how our experiences of time are not fixed. The alternative conception of time referred to as 'ductile time' was defined by:

Deleuze (1994)

Within industrial forms of work organization, standardized notions of time (a specification for measuring points and passages of time) are usually associated with this calendar:

Gregorian calendar

Many scholars make a distinction between early management thought associated with scientific management. The principles of scientific management provided a blueprint on how best to organize work efficiently. Who was the author of the scientific management concept?

Taylor

The acronym VUCA stands for

Volatile, uncertain, complex, ambiguous

Mass production supported the development of the industrial organization and was key to:

achieving affordable products

Numerous definitions have been proposed for creativity and the creative process, and as Emirbayer and Mische (1998) point out, human agents are situated in the flow of time where contingencies of the present are informed by the past. This is known as:

habitual aspects

Kotter (1996) claims that a major reason why change initiatives fail is due to:

ineffective communication

Creativity has been described by Smith and colleagues as something of a slippery subject, meaning it:

is difficult to define

Current concerns regarding time and temporality extend beyond the concept of clock time to include opportune time, sometimes referred to as:

kairos time

Non-verbal communication occurs in all human interaction and is very important if often understated in the change management literature. Non-verbal communication does NOT include:

speeches

During the 1950s, the Tavistock Institute of Human Relations in the United Kingdom embarked on a series of studies into:

technology and innovation at work

Russ (2008) refers to 'programmatic change communication strategies', where implementers hold the power to gain the compliance of recipients to the message of change as:

telling and selling

Processes of change, creativity and innovation are central to organizations operating in increasingly unpredictable environments that require organizations to evaluate their competitive performance on a continuing basis and critically review their past assumptions in looking towards the future. This is commonly known as:

temporal turbulence

By (2005) focuses on three main characteristics of change. They are:

the rate of occurrence, how it comes about, the scale of change

Concepts of 'resistance to change' conjure up stubbornness, obduracy, lack of commitment and of people just stubbornly saying no. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons identified by Eccles (1994) as a reason or causes for people to resist change:

the willingness to change is high

Isabella's (1990) research suggests that a different focus on the provision of information is required at different stages during the process of change and identifies 4 main stages of change:

anticipation, confirmation, culmination, aftermath

In her book Managing and Leading People through Organizational Change, Hodges (2016) argues that there is a decision to be made on whether to engage in more participative approaches rather than advocating:

authoritarian approaches

From her studies, Woodward (1980) noted how that more advanced forms of organization were likely to exhibit the following characteristics:

automated tasks, multi-skilled workers, harmonious employee relations

A strong economy is important to industrial economies. What product was considered indicate of a healthy manufacturing sector in industrial economies of the twentieth century?

automobiles

The punctuated equilibrium model (Romanelli and Tushman, 1994) draws on the notion of incremental change to argue that over time:

change initiatives create inertia

This theory, originating in the 1960s, sought to look beyond the organization in accommodating the need for companies to adapt to changing business environments:

contingency theory

It has been suggested that 'change' is an oxymoron that should not be managed, meaning it is:

contradictory in nature

The Industrial Revolution saw the growth in international trade and the emergence of contemporary business organizations The Industrial Revolution is accepted to fall within the following dates:

1730-1850

It is widely claimed that (blank) percent of organizational- change fails

70%

Socio-cultural elements of change include factors such as-

Demographic trends, business ethics, lifestyle change, and attitudes to work.

Palmer et al.'s (2017) multiple perspective framework centers around six managing-change images made up of:

Director, Navigator, Coach, Caretaker, Interpreter, Nurturer

Creativity is seen as combining Cognitive and unconscious elements as well as being able to think "outside the box". This view is attributed to-

Edward De Bono

There are many theories of change. Which of the following is NOT a change theory?

Effectuation Theory

The USAID suggest that's the first stage if implementing change is to-

Establish a vision.

Which of the following is not one of Stadlers four principles for successful change-

Explore before exploiting.

In considering the paradox of continuity and change, who said, "The mark of an educated person is the capacity to hold two contradictory ideas simultaneously without rejecting either"?

Fitzgerald

Who said "things alter for the worse spontaneously, if they be not altered for the better designedly"

Francis Bacon

The notion of change and continuity is summed up in the phrase, 'Nothing endures but change' which is attributed to

Heraclites

PACT refers to triggers for change that arise within organizations. Which stands for-

People, Administrative structure, core business, technology

The need for good research, concepts and theory is important. In 1943 who used the maxim, "There is Nothing so Practical as a Good Theory"?

Kurt Lewin

Hughes PESTLE to identify additional external triggers to change that include-

Legal and Environmental

Van de Ven and Poole (1995) argue that there are four foundational theories that underpin our understanding of processes of change in organizations. These theories comprise of:

Life cycle, Teleology, Dialectics and Evolution

Change, creativity and innovation integrate a range of theories and disciplines. Which of the following is NOT a closely associated discipline?

Marketing

Senior and Flemings PEST stands for-

Political, Economic, Socio-Cultural, Technological

Which theory views stability as the normal state of play but recognizes that industries and organizations can experience major shocks within their business environments that necessitate major change?

Punctuated equilibrium theory

Triggers for change are all part of an ongoing flow of forces that continually shape strategies. Implementing plans the decision of business leaders and can be-

Reactive, proactive, small scale, large scale.

Burnes and Randell point out that change is much easier to understand in-

Retrospect

An important aspect of organizational culture is how we learn in groups. According to this author, culture is a 'shared product of shared learning':

Schein

Innovation theory is a complex concept and a common characterization of innovation is-

The translation of new ideas into commercial products processes and services

The classic Hawthorn Studies by Roethlisberger and Dickson (1939) highlighted the importance of social processes in the workplace. The study showed the benefits of:

democratic leadership

Mainstream texts on management and organizational behavior frequently use the classic work of French and Raven (1993) that sets out to clarify processes of power (first articulated in the 1950s). Which of the following is NOT one of the processes of power identified by French and Raven (1993)?

illegitimate power

After the Second World War, with the advent of relatively full employment, people were able to switch jobs more easily. The result was:

increased worker mobility

The change that arises through proactive strategies that seek to fine tune organizational operations is referred to as:

incremental change

Innovation is a complex subject matter. There are numerous forms and levels of innovation. Which of the following is NOT a recognized form of innovation?

layered innovation

Hersey et al. (2012) argue that communication is the key process skill required of change agents, and summarize these skills as the:

management of attention, the management of trust and the management of meaning

Making sense of experience is an important element in developing understanding. Whereas with the conventional Weikian backward-glance conception of sense-making being located in the here-and-now, Weibe (2010) suggests:

more future-oriented ways of making sense

The use of metaphor is pervasive in organization theory. Which of the following is NOT an organization metaphor offered by Morgan (1997)?

organization as a dance floor

In developing their concept of a time perspective, Zimbardo and Boyd (2008) identify five different temporal frames that consist of:

past positive, past negative, present hedonistic, present fatalistic, future orientated

Carnall and By (2014) argue that a key task of management often centers on rebuilding self-esteem as a lowering sense of self-worth can have a significant impact on:

performance

Resistance to change is a natural human response. Which of the following is NOT a type of resistance identified by Burke (2011)?

physical resistance

In their book Power, Politics, and Organizational Change, Buchanan and Badham (2020) identify three elements of political behavior. Which of the following is NOT one of the elements they identify?

political power

In discussing resistance to change, Burke (2011) makes a distinction between these three types of resistance:

political resistance, ideological resistance, blind resistance

Trist and Bamforth (1951) note that prior to mechanization, the technical process of coal-getting had the following cycle of stages:

preparation, getting, advancing

Arguably, the most prominent definition of creativity comes from Weick, who states that creativity is:

putting old things in new combinations and new things in old combinations

Which of the following is NOT one of Austin et al.'s (2020) six key factors that hinder or enhance readiness among managers and front-line providers:

readiness

Hodges (2016) argues that human processes of change raise a number of interrelated issues, including:

readiness, communication, sense-making, culture

Debates on knowledge are ongoing and contested. Positivist theories are those that assume:

reality is objective

Interpretivist theories of knowledge are those that assume:

reality is subjective

Advocates of stage models of change and creativity consider change to:

represent an episode in the life of an organization

Integral to the concept of change are notions of uncertainty. Uncertainty in this context refers to the:

unknowable future

Triggers for change arising within the organization are various. Key triggers of changes comprise of:

wider external environment, local business context, organizational initiatives