Environmental test 12-15
In the stratosphere, ________. a. increases of temperature and ozone levels are strongly correlated b. temperature continues to decrease with altitude as in the troposphere c. the average temperature is much lower than for the troposphere d. temperature and ozone concentration are inversely correlated e. ozone appears to be evenly distributed at all altitudes
a. increases of temperature and ozone levels are strongly correlated
Ocean water is 96.5% water by mass. Most of the remainder consists of __________. a. ions from dissolved salts b. carbon dioxide c. oil from human and natural causes d. the nutrients nitrogen and potassium.
a. ions from dissolved salts
Of the following greenhouse gases, ________ concentrations have increased by the greatest percentage since 1750. a. methane b. nitrous oxide c. carbon dioxide d. water vapor e. ozone
a. methane
What process is currently used to generate nuclear power? a. bombardment b. fission c. entanglement d. fusion
b. fission
At the end of the 21st century, the IPCC predicts global temperatures will be ____________ higher than today's, depending on how well we control our emissions. a. 0.1-0.35° C b. 2-5° C c. 1.0-3.7° C d. 10-15° C
c. 1.0-3.7° C
Roughly ________% of U.S. citizens live in coastal counties and are thus vulnerable to rises in sea level. a. 95 b. 10 c. 50 d. 83 e. 20
c. 50
What has caused half of the world's mangrove forests to be destroyed? a. Factory runoff b. Terrace farming c. Development for tourist resorts and shrimp farming d. Oil spills
c. Development for tourist resorts and shrimp farming
These pie charts show the distribution of Earth's fresh water. What percentage of Earth's fresh water is found in rivers? a. 0.01% b. 1% c. 2.5% d. 25%
a. 0.01%
The oceans hold ________ carbon than the atmosphere. a. 50 times more b. 5 times more c. 10,000 times less d. 10,000 times more e. 1000 times less
a. 50 times more
Which of the following are the top two primary indoor air pollutants in the United States? a. Cigarette smoke and radon gas b. Methane and carbon monoxide c. Cigarette smoke and volatile organic compounds d. Volatile organic compounds and radon gas
a. Cigarette smoke and radon gas
What process depends on the cyclical, vertical movement of air currents: sinking cold, dense and rising warm, less dense air masses? a. Convective circulation b. Coriolis effect c. Thermal inversion d. Polar cells
a. Convective circulation
Which of the following damaging pollutants is not closely tracked by the U.S. EPA? a. Mercury b. Nitrogen dioxide c. Lead d. Carbon monoxide
a. Mercury
The most obvious cause of industrial smog is ________. a. burning fossil fuels b. fires for heating food c. indoor air pollution d. generation of nuclear power e. burning trash
a. burning fossil fuels
What technology is used to extract freshwater from ocean water? a. desalinization b. conservation c. irrigation d. canals
a. desalinization
The atmosphere around Earth can cause global warming because ________. a. molecules in the atmosphere are warmed by radiation from Earth and retain that heat b. warm air cannot escape, as in a greenhouse c. plants absorb CO2 d. plants release CO2 e. fossil fuels release heat
a. molecules in the atmosphere are warmed by radiation from Earth and retain that heat
A 2003 study showed that the oceans today contain only ___________ of large-bodied fish that they once did. a. one-tenth b. one fifth c. one-third d. one-half
a. one-tenth
Sinkholes can result from ________. a. overconsumption of water from aquifers b. flood damage and chemical erosion c. building on floodplains d. poorly drilled wells in soft soils e. substrates that become weak following rain
a. overconsumption of water from aquifers
Currently, the greatest ecological crisis facing marine food webs is ________. a. overharvesting b. radiation c. abandoned fishing nets d. oil spills e. plastic dumping
a. overharvesting
Pathogens and waterborne diseases enter drinking water supplies from ________. a. poorly treated wastewater and animal wastes from feed lots b. upwelling c. oil and chemical spills d. excess nitrogen and phosphorus as agricultural runoff e. pesticides entering groundwater
a. poorly treated wastewater and animal wastes from feed lots
In the troposphere ________. a. temperature decreases nearly linearly with altitude b. ozone levels decrease with altitude c. temperatures never dip below freezing d. warmest temperatures reflect an absence of ozone e. ozone levels increase with altitude
a. temperature decreases nearly linearly with altitude
According to tide gauge data, what was the approximate increase in global average sea level between 1950 and 2000? a. 250 cm b. 10 cm c. 100 inches d. 100 feet
b. 10 cm
Why are over one-sixth of the world's people at risk for running out of drinking water? a. The oceans are drying up. b. Glaciers in many areas are melting. c. The world's fresh water wells are drying up. d. There is not enough surface water.
b. Glaciers in many areas are melting.
What are the periodic variations in Earth's rotation and orbit around the sun that alter the way solar radiation is distributed over Earth's surface? a. climate b. Milankovitch cycles c. weather d. radiative forcing
b. Milankovitch cycles
Which of these statements is supported by the pie charts? Select all that apply. a. Ice caps and glaciers contain both salt water and fresh water. b. Most of the fresh water on Earth is found in ice caps and glaciers. c. Lakes make up the largest percentage of fresh water on Earth. d. Fresh water makes up a small percentage of all water on Earth. e. Surface fresh water supplies most of the water we drink.
b. Most of the fresh water on Earth is found in ice caps and glaciers. d. Fresh water makes up a small percentage of all water on Earth.
Which of the following results from acid deposition? a. Chlorofluorocarbons are formed near the ground. b. Objects made of stone, like marble headstones, are worn away. c. Species diversity is increased. d. Food supply for birds is increased.
b. Objects made of stone, like marble headstones, are worn away.
Which of the following pollutants does not occur naturally in groundwater? a. Nitrates b. Petroleum products c. Fluoride d. Aluminum
b. Petroleum products
What is the spatial relationship between the distributions of water and people? a. People only colonize areas with abundant freshwater. b. Populations and water resources too often have an inverse relationship (lots of people where there is little water). c. People are limited to areas with freshwater or saltwater. d. Anthropogenic colonization has been limited to shorelines.
b. Populations and water resources too often have an inverse relationship (lots of people where there is little water).
Which layer of the atmosphere tends to concentrate pollutants and extends 11-50 km above sea level? a. Tropopause b. Stratosphere c. Thermosphere d. Troposphere
b. Stratosphere
Which of the following statements properly describes the cause of a temperature inversion or its effects? a. Temperature inversions typically happen in open places as weather fronts move through. b. Temperature inversions can trap air pollution in one place for many days. c. Temperature inversions are the main cause of cold fronts. d. Temperature inversions are caused by the rising air of convection currents.
b. Temperature inversions can trap air pollution in one place for many days.
What is the difference between weather and climate? a. Weather occurs over seasons and years, while climate occurs over hours and days. b. Weather occurs over hours and days, and climate occurs over seasons and years. c. Weather occurs in the northern hemisphere, while climate occurs in the southern hemisphere. d. Weather and climate are used interchangeably.
b. Weather occurs over hours and days, and climate occurs over seasons and years.
Oceans have absorbed approximately one-third of the excess carbon dioxide that humans have added to Earth's atmosphere so far. This has slowed the progression of global climate change, but it has led to ________. a. an increase in the pH of the world's oceans b. a decrease in the pH (ocean acidification) c. increases in growth of coral reefs d. growth of oyster populations worldwide e. loss of oxygen from the oceans
b. a decrease in the pH (ocean acidification)
All of the following are examples of point sources of pollution except ________. a. a sewer pipe b. a large farm c. an overturned tanker truck that spills into a creek d. a factory discharging wastes into a lake through a large outlet e. a car repair shop dumping waste oil into the storm drain
b. a large farm
Which of the following best describes a floodplain? a. a region of land that has been deliberately, permanently flooded due to human disturbance, such as in dam building b. a region of land that is periodically flooded when a river overflows c. an area that is periodically flooded because humans have altered the landscape d. an area where flood irrigation of crops is used, such as a rice paddy e. an area that is incidentally flooded when farming or mining operations change the course of rivers
b. a region of land that is periodically flooded when a river overflows
The rapid melting of Greenland's ice cap could disrupt the NADW formation by ________. a. adding excess nutrients to cold northern waters b. adding huge amounts of less-dense fresh water to the surface of the system c. acidifying ocean water d. reversing the El Niño-La Niña cycle e. adding heat and salt to deep ocean waters
b. adding huge amounts of less-dense fresh water to the surface of the system
Upwelling ________. a. is the flow of warm water upward toward the ocean surface b. brings benthic nutrients to the ocean surface promoting high primary productivity c. occurs when winds blow at right angles to a coastline d. transports oxygen from deep to surface waters e. occurs in areas where there are no currents
b. brings benthic nutrients to the ocean surface promoting high primary productivity
Carbon-based fuels in the lithosphere ________. a. are readily lost from Earth's surface in the absence of humans b. have been slowly sequestered over many millions of years c. cannot be lost to the atmosphere by human processes once stabilized on Earth's surface d. are formed from the deposition, partial decay, and compression of inorganic matter e. will be lost before the end of the decade
b. have been slowly sequestered over many millions of years
The fish in the lake at the local park are dying, and a professor from the local college comes to investigate. First, she measures the levels of dissolved oxygen in order to check for ________. a. the influence of acid precipitation b. hypoxia c. the presence of heavy metals d. the presence of bacteria e. aquatic biodiversity
b. hypoxia
A __________ pollutant interacts with a part of the atmosphere and becomes a __________ pollutant. a. secondary; tertiary b. primary; secondary c. tertiary; quaternary d. secondary; primary
b. primary; secondary
In developed countries, the two most deadly sources of indoor pollution are ________. a. pesticides and cleaning agents b. radon and cigarette smoke c. synthetic furniture materials and radiation from electronic equipment d. radiation from electronic equipment and pesticides e. pesticides and cigarette smoke
b. radon and cigarette smoke
A(n) ________ is a device designed to remove airborne pollutants from smokestack emissions. a. coal washer b. scrubber c. tall stack d. boiler e. air filter
b. scrubber
Which of the following will contribute to water conservation? a. planting nonnative wetland plants for landscaping b. watering lawns at night and landscaping with native plants c. washing dishes by hand d. watering lawns during peak sunlight hours, when plants need water most e. using aerial sprays for crop irrigation
b. watering lawns at night and landscaping with native plants
Which of the following is a systematic shift in atmospheric pressure, sea surface temperature, and ocean circulation patterns in the tropical Pacific Ocean that alters weather patterns on a worldwide scale? a. Thermohaline circulation b. North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) c. El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) d. Upwellings
c. El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Which of the following is a nonconsumptive use of water as a resource? a. Copper mining b. Farmland irrigation c. Hydroelectric power d. Industrial use
c. Hydroelectric power
What initiative or group is responsible for the most reviewed and widely accepted reports that we have on climate change? a. Montreal Protocol b. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) c. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) d. International Test of Emissions (ITE)
c. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
One key to the puzzle of Los Angeles's smog is the fact that ________. a. the Hadley cell for that area drops cool air, and pollution, right over Los Angeles b. the offshore breezes carry inland pollution to coastal Los Angeles c. Los Angeles and its suburbs are all ringed by mountains d. incoming tides in the harbor push air pollution ahead of them e. there are so many rainy days, increasing the acidic deposition
c. Los Angeles and its suburbs are all ringed by mountains
Which of the following would be a possible geoengineering strategy that could be used to cool the planet? a. Use of community organisms as fuel b. Carbon offsets c. Placement of colossal mirrors in key locations d. Use of biofuels on a large scale rather than coal
c. Placement of colossal mirrors in key locations
What are the effects of carbon monoxide? a. A bluish haze that gives the Blue Ridge Mountains their name b. Damaged respiratory tissue c. Suffocation in mammals d. It causes acid rain that can damage plants.
c. Suffocation in mammals
Which of the following U.S. states experiences the lowest levels of acid rain? a. West Virginia b. Pennsylvania c. Wyoming d. New York
c. Wyoming
What is the most cost-effective solution for groundwater depletion and land-level subsidence? a. increasing use of desalinization measures b. building more water treatment facilities c. allowing no more water to be withdrawn from an aquifer than is naturally recharged d. dam removal
c. allowing no more water to be withdrawn from an aquifer than is naturally recharged
What is largely responsible for the ozone hole? a. carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide b. fossil fuels c. chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants d. nitrogen oxides
c. chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants
We build dams to ________. a. drain wetlands for urban development b. transform watersheds into farms, towns, and recreational areas c. generate electricity, prevent flooding, and provide irrigation and drinking water d. improve habitat for native fish e. control the spread of water borne diseases
c. generate electricity, prevent flooding, and provide irrigation and drinking water
One reasonable way to prevent sinkholes might be to ________. a. install supports to maintain the shape of the underground aquifer b. pump wastewater and sewage directly into the aquifer to maintain the water table c. increase groundwater recharge by constructing artificial wetlands that use treated municipal wastewater d. pump sand and gravel into the aquifer to fill in the bottom levels, thus raising the water table e. have the local water company regularly transfer water from one local aquifer to the next, maintaining the average water level
c. increase groundwater recharge by constructing artificial wetlands that use treated municipal wastewater
If all of the stratospheric ozone suddenly disappeared, ________. a. insects would be the only organisms to survive b. Earth's surface would warm considerably c. most life on Earth would cease to exist because of the amount of UV radiation penetrating the atmosphere d. plants would flourish because of the extra solar energy reaching Earth's surface e. there would be a dramatic decrease in skin cancers
c. most life on Earth would cease to exist because of the amount of UV radiation penetrating the atmosphere
The Acid Rain Program established under the Clean Air Act of 1990 has been successful in reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide and ________. a. CFCs b. carbon dioxide c. nitrogen oxides d. carbon monoxide e. lead
c. nitrogen oxides
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is an international panel that ________. a. performed the research included in the climate change findings b. constructed the Kyoto Protocol c. reports on how climate change influences wildlife, ecosystems, and society d. fines companies that pollute e. could not achieve its objectives because of lack of popular support
c. reports on how climate change influences wildlife, ecosystems, and society
Which lifestyle choice would cause the greatest reduction in greenhouse emissions? a. driving a hybrid car b. driving an electric car (plugged into the grid at night to be recharged) c. riding a bike d. using public transportation
c. riding a bike
Zooxanthellae are ________. a. an invasive kelp species in the Indian Ocean b. bacteria that fix nitrogen in ocean sediments c. symbiotic algae that provide energy to many species of corals d. an endangered species of fish in the Aral Sea e. used in the treatment of wastewater
c. symbiotic algae that provide energy to many species of corals
Occasionally, a layer of cool air forms under a layer of warmer air in the troposphere. This change from the normal temperature profile in the troposphere is called a ________. a. temperature or thermal subversion b. tornado or supercell c. temperature or thermal inversion d. cold front e. low-pressure system
c. temperature or thermal inversion
Which three factors have the greatest effect on Earth's climate? a. the sun, the ocean, and the stars b. the sun, the moon, and the stars c. the sun, the atmosphere, and the ocean d. the sun, the stars, and the moon
c. the sun, the atmosphere, and the ocean
Which of the following can trap pollutants at ground level and cause dangerous smog? a. solar flares b. vertical mixing c. thermal inversions d. the Ozone layer
c. thermal inversions
"Biosolids" produced at a wastewater treatment plant are often ________. a. loaded onto barges and sent to underdeveloped countries to use as fertilizer b. trucked to special biohazard landfills for disposal c. used as crop fertilizer d. used as part of the "fill" to develop wetlands into agriculture or housing areas e. placed in deep injection wells to keep them out of the water table
c. used as crop fertilizer
The huge dust storms that took place in the United States in the 1930s ________. a. were the result of ozone depletion b. were the result of polar cells c. were the result of poor farming techniques d. were the result of glacier melt e. were triggered by tornados, worsened by global climate change
c. were the result of poor farming techniques
Which of the following can potentially make flooding worse? a. Restoring a natural wetland b. Building an artificial wetland on an area that used to contain a factory c. Building an airplane d. Building dikes and levees to hold water in channels
d. Building dikes and levees to hold water in channels
Which of these countries increased its carbon emissions since the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol? a. Germany b. United Kingdom c. Russia d. Canada
d. Canada
Which of the following pollutants has the longest residence time? a. CO b. NO c. SO2 d. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) e. NO2
d. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Why do environmentalists and scientists advocate stricter laws to limit power plant carbon dioxide emissions and subsidies for renewable energy? a. These industries export goods to all other nations on Earth. b. No laws currently exist to regulate these industries. c. Environmentalists do not want to anger farmers, even though agriculture produces the most carbon dioxide. d. Fossil fuel industries produce the most greenhouse gases. e. Power companies do not have labor unions that oppose legal restrictions.
d. Fossil fuel industries produce the most greenhouse gases.
The Coriolis effect ________. a. keeps Earth from spinning too fast b. keeps the wind circulating at constant speed around the planet c. is caused by the moon d. is caused by Earth's rotation e. results in seasonal periods of 24-hour darkness at the poles in winter
d. is caused by Earth's rotation
Which of the following layers of the atmosphere is responsible for the weather that we experience on the surface of Earth? a. Mesosphere b. Thermosphere c. Stratosphere d. Troposphere
d. Troposphere
What sorts of constituents do atmospheric pollutants (such as sulfates and nitrates) react with to initiate the process that results in acid deposition? a. Lead b. Soot c. Chlorofluorocarbons d. Water, oxygen, and oxidants
d. Water, oxygen, and oxidants
What is the name of an area of land that is drained by a river and all of its tributaries? a. Wetland b. Estuary c. Spring d. Watershed
d. Watershed
Which of the following is an adaptation response to climate change? a. increasing fuel efficiency of new automobiles b. replanting a tropical rainforest c. building a nuclear power plant to replace an outdated coal-burning power plant d. a Pacific island nation building higher seawalls e. replacing incandescent light bulbs with LED bulbs
d. a Pacific island nation building higher seawalls
A septic system is ________. a. the use of natural wetlands to cleanse wastewater b. a second level mechanism to remove bacteria at a wastewater treatment plant c. a toxic or badly polluted waterway d. a rural method of processing wastewater e. an early version of a wastewater treatment plant
d. a rural method of processing wastewater
Recent research that analyzed the content of commercial bottled water indicates that ________. a. bottled water is generally much safer and purer than tap water b. bottled water consumes less fossil fuel in reaching the consumer than does tap water c. all surveyed brands had information about the source of the water and how the water was treated d. bottled water is no safer or purer than most samples of tap water e. bottled water has no contamination from hormone mimic plasticizers
d. bottled water is no safer or purer than most samples of tap water
The area that underlies the shallow water bordering continents is called the ________. a. groundwater aeration zone b. pelagic zone c. water table d. continental shelf e. benthic zone
d. continental shelf
What two processes emit the most carbon in the United States? a. transportation and agriculture b. electricity generation and mass production c. mass production and transportation d. electricity generation and transportation
d. electricity generation and transportation
Hydroelectric power generation ________. a. produces pollutants that contribute significantly to acid precipitation b. has no undesirable environmental effects c. produces high quantities of greenhouse gases d. is an alternative to fossil fuels that produces fewer greenhouse gases e. uses fuel cells to generate electricity
d. is an alternative to fossil fuels that produces fewer greenhouse gases
Tropospheric ozone ________. a. binds with hemoglobin, preventing binding with oxygen in red blood cells b. is a primary pollutant c. is caused by poor farming techniques d. is produced through the interaction of heat and UV light, with nitrogen oxides and carbon-containing compounds e. protects Earth from most of the harmful UV radiation
d. is produced through the interaction of heat and UV light, with nitrogen oxides and carbon-containing compounds
Scientists currently assessing the environmental impacts of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico report that ________. a. the coastal marshes of Louisiana suffered no measurable damage b. the damage was limited to wildlife kills immediately after the spill c. the entire Gulf food web will eventually collapse d. it may take years or decades before the full impacts are known e. Gulf productivity has already returned to normal and no further effects will be felt
d. it may take years or decades before the full impacts are known
The region of a lake where plants are able to attach to the bottom and still reach above the surface is known as the __________. a. benthic zone b. abyssal zone c. profundal zone d. littoral zone
d. littoral zone
Which of the following types of pollution is most responsible for large numbers of deaths worldwide because of unsafe drinking water? a. sediment pollution b. thermal pollution c. nutrient pollution d. pathogen pollution
d. pathogen pollution
Which type of indirect evidence can substitute for direct measurements of past climate change? a. conclusions b. observations c. litigations d. proxy indicators
d. proxy indicators
The primary causes of acid deposition are ________. a. soil dust and sand b. carbon monoxide and formaldehyde c. radon gas and fuel wood smoke d. sulfur and nitrogen oxides e. tropospheric ozone
d. sulfur and nitrogen oxides
Which piece of legislation set strict standards for air quality and pollution control in the United States? a. the Clean Water Act b. the Endangered Species Act c. the Montreal Protocol d. the Clean Air Act
d. the Clean Air Act
Evidence from polar ice core analysis shows that, until now, carbon dioxide levels have never exceeded ________ ppm in the last several hundred thousand years. a. 500 b. 1000 c. 200 d. 25 e. 300
e. 300
Over ________% of the fuel you pump into your automobile does something other than move your vehicle down the road. a. 45 b. 55 c. 25 d. 65 e. 85
e. 85
The exceptionally strong warming of the eastern Pacific is referred to as ________. a. La Niña b. cyclonic storm formation c. downwelling d. the Coriolis effect e. El Niño
e. El Niño
Carbon monoxide ________. a. is a major component of the atmosphere b. is produced by plants during photosynthesis c. is consumed by plants for photosynthesis d. causes ozone depletion e. blocks oxygen transport in human blood
e. blocks oxygen transport in human blood
All of the following are anthropogenic factors contributing to climate change EXCEPT: a. the combustion of fossil fuels. b. raising livestock. c. growing rice. d. deforestation. e. breathing.
e. breathing.
In 1970, ________ was/were the source of most of the airborne lead emissions in the United States. a. paint b. pencil factories c. water pipes d. coal-burning power plants e. gasoline
e. gasoline
One of the problems that occur as a consequence of CFC pollution is ________. a. increased rates of respiratory irritation and lung cancer b. the eutrophication of waterways c. accelerated damage to human red blood cells d. the movement of toxins into lakes and rivers, poisoning fish e. increased rates of skin cancer in humans
e. increased rates of skin cancer in humans
According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the number of human-induced sinkholes has doubled since 1930. Insurance claims increased 1200% from 1987 to 1991, costing nearly $100 million. A major reason for this is ________. a. increased rainfall, raising the water level b. decreases in agriculture c. roadway construction, leading to increased runoff d. global warming e. increased water consumption through development and urbanization
e. increased water consumption through development and urbanization
Humans use more fresh water for ________ than for any other purpose. a. industrial processes b. producing hydrogen fuel c. household use d. cooking and drinking e. irrigating crops
e. irrigating crops
Recent research indicates that the variation in solar output ________. a. is greater than all the anthropogenic factors affecting climate change b. is more than 20 watts/m2 c. will increase by a hundredfold over then next century d. is the major factor driving temperature change e. is less than any of the anthropogenic factors affecting climate change
e. is less than any of the anthropogenic factors affecting climate change
The fact that there is a high sulfur content of the coal burned in South African power plants means that the ________. a. coal is very expensive, forcing most poor people to go without electricity b. power plants emit high levels of radioactive pollution c. power plants burn cleanly, with little pollution d. coal is very inexpensive, leading to an improved economy e. power plants contribute to acidic deposition
e. power plants contribute to acidic deposition
The United States should enact laws slowing global climate change because ________. a. U.S. industry supports the legislation b. effects of global climate change are most significant in the United States c. the United States is the most populous nation on Earth d. no other nations have initiated efforts to slow global climate change e. the United States is a major source of the problem
e. the United States is a major source of the problem
A watershed is ________. a. a river that drains into the sea b. a term used to describe water stored underground c. an inland basin that connects to another inland basin d. the water held in the atmosphere prior to returning to Earth in the form of rainfall e. the area of land that drains into a river or lake
e. the area of land that drains into a river or lake
Air near Earth's surface tends to be ________. a. cooler and drier; it rises when it is displaced by sinking warm air b. cooler and wetter; then it rises, is warmed by the sun, and sinks again c. warmer; it rises as it is displaced by Coriolis forces d. warmer and drier; then it rises, condensing and gathering moisture e. warmer and wetter; then it rises, expanding and cooling
e. warmer and wetter; then it rises, expanding and cooling
The Kyoto Protocol ________. a. required equal concessions from all countries involved in greenhouse gas emission b. would have resulted in overall increases in greenhouse emissions c. required increases in nuclear power generation d. increased federal funding for controlling greenhouse gas emissions from U.S. power plants e. was intended to reduce emissions of six greenhouse gases to levels lower than those of 1990
e. was intended to reduce emissions of six greenhouse gases to levels lower than those of 1990
Many present-day fisheries managers ________. a. favor protection of commercially valuable species and not others b. want all laws regarding fishing to be abolished c. favor taxes on commercial fishing boats d. favor short-term solutions to marine ecosystem problems e. wish to set aside areas of ocean where systems can function without human interference
e. wish to set aside areas of ocean where systems can function without human interference
Along with many other governmental reforms that began in 1994, the electrical plant just outside Soweto was closed in 2000, and other plants were brought into use. Some parts of Soweto were then wired for electricity. It is estimated, however, that only about 30% of the more than 1.2 million black inhabitants have electricity in their homes; the remainder either cannot afford the costs involved or live in areas that have no electrical access. These inhabitants probably use ________ for fuel. a. gas-powered home generators b. charcoal and candles c. natural gas and solar cells d. natural gas and backyard windmills e. wood and coal
e. wood and coal