Eoc bio

Which of the following best compares the structures of lipids and carbohydrates?

Both consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but carbohydrates make ring shapes, while lipids have hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends

Which of the following statements best describes the structure and function of a carbohydrate?

Carbohydrates are large molecules made up of monosaccharides and are used by organisms as short term energy sources

The diagram below shows the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration and the organelles in which they occur.Which statement describes how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated?

Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis.

When designing an experiment, what type of variable is supposed to be manipulated to gain a result?

Independent Variables

As food travels through the digestive system, it is exposed to a variety ofpH levels. The stomach has a pH of 2 due to the presence of hydrochloricacid (HCl), and the small intestine has a pH ranging from 7 to 9. HClconverts pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins in thestomach. Which of the following most likely happens to pepsin as itenters the small intestine?

It becomes inactive.

Which of the following describes an advantage of using a light microscope instead of an electron microscope?

Light microscopes can be used to observe live specimens, but preparing a specimen for electron microscopy would kill it.

Do all types of cells include the structure labeled 1?

No, this structure is the cell nucleus, and it is found only in eukaryotic cells.

What biological macromolecule is made up of these monomers, called Nucleotides, shown in the figure?

Nucleic Acids

Which of the following best compares the membranes found indifferent types of cells?

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have cell membranes, but eukaryotes also have membrane-bound organelles.

Cells can have two kinds of endoplasmic reticulum (ER): smooth ER, which has no ribosomes, and rough ER, which has ribosomes embedded in its membrane. What would happen if the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cell of an organism lost all of its ribosomes?

Protein production in the organism would stop

Living things interact with Earth systems in a variety of chemical processes. The diagram illustrates the overall chemical change that occurs in one of these processes.Which process does the diagram illustrate? What is its effect on Earth systems?

The process is photosynthesis. It transfers carbon from the atmosphere to the biosphere.

In 1989, two scientists claimed to have succeeded in causing a nuclear fusion reaction to take place at room temperature. Their report was met with tremendous excitement, because cold fusion, as it was called, could revolutionize power generation and make dangerous nuclear waste a thing of the past.After they published their paper, other scientists attempted to re-create their experiment, which involved running an electric current through seawater and a metal called palladium. However, they could not replicate the results. After the published paper was examined closely, the scientists were found to have made experimental errors.Which of the following statements best describes this scenario?

The scientific community evaluates the strength of scientific claims, and the claims are dismissed if they are found to be invalid.

An osmosis investigation was conducted using chicken eggs to represent cells with semipermeable membranes. The mass of each egg was measured to determine how much water diffused into or out of the eggs.The eggs were first soaked in vinegar to dissolve the shell. Each egg wasthen placed in one of three different solutions for 24 hours. The table below shows the results of the investigation.Based on this experiment, which of the following should be inferred about cells with semipermeable membranes?

Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration.

Water is essential for life. Its special properties make water the singlemost important molecule in plant life. Which of the following properties of water enable it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants?

Water exhibits cohesive behavior

Water dissolves a wide variety of substances, including many substances that cells need to survive. Which statement best explains this property of water?

Water molecules are polar, which allows them to form hydrogen bonds with one another and attract other substances.

What type of cell is shown by the diagram?

a plant cell, as shown by the presence of the nucleus, cell wall, and chloroplasts

The overall chemical equation that describes photosynthesis is shown below.6CO2 + 6H2O + Light -> C6H12O6 + 6O2During photosynthesis, what best describes the role of the compound with the chemical formula C6H12O6?

a product that is useful because of its high-energy chemical bonds

A scientist wants to compare the diagram of a cell to a magnified image of an actual cell. Which type of magnification tool would be most useful for generating this image?

a transmission electron microscope (TEM), which can show detailed images of the interior structures of cells, although not in real-life colors

Using the graphic above, answer the following question:The sodium-potassium ion pump found in some cell membranes is made of which of the following basic structural components?

amino acids

Using the graphic above, answer the following question:What is a primary function of the cell membrane?

defending against foreign particles

Which of the following functions of biological macromolecules can be carried out by both lipids and proteins?

function as chemical messengers

A common chemical reaction in cells is to add a phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to form adenosine triphosphate (ATP). What purpose does this reaction serve?

storing energy for later use by the cell

The graph plots free energy over the course of a reaction.What is shown by the arrow labeled "Activation energy"?

the input of energy needed for the reaction to begin