epi-infect-para mcq

What are the anti-rabies measures in humans: A. all persons bitten by mosquitoes, crushed ticks wash the place with iodine tincture or perhydrol 3%, post-exposure vaccination according to a scheme with specific immunoglobulin, deratization of pets, protection of people from mosquitoes and ticks by protective clothing repellents and gloves, health care for proper removal and destruction of mosquito inquiries, general prevention B. "in all sprayed, inhaled aerosol persons from animals, wash the respiratory tract with wash water or saline solution, disinfect with aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution 3%, steam inhalations with chamomile, aqueous solutions of herbs; preventive health talk, specific albumin" C. pestcontrol of pets, protection of people from tick attack by protective clothing repellents and gloves, health education for proper removal and destruction of tick inquiries, specific prevention D. "in all bitten, salivated and scratched persons of animals, wash the wound with soapy water or detergent, disinfect with an alcoholic solution of 70%, iodine tincture, iodasept; postexposure vaccination according to scheme, specific immunoglobulin, tetanus toxoid"

D. "in all bitten, salivated and scratched persons of animals, wash the wound with soapy water or detergent, disinfect with an alcoholic solution of 70%, iodine tincture, iodasept; postexposure vaccination according to scheme, specific immunoglobulin, tetanus toxoid" ??

Medical manipulations in which there is no risk of HIV infection are: A. getting tattooed B. placement of a venous needle / catheter C. tooth extraction D. Measuring the blood pressure

D. Measuring the blood pressure ??

What is the obligation of states included in the International Health Regulations A. To register data and events of interest in the field of public health of international importance B. To carry out public health activities in order to be able to prevent an emergency situation in the field of public health of international importance C. To inform the UN about events that represent an international emergency in the field of international relations D. Notify the WHO of events that constitute an emergency in the field of public health of international importance

D. Notify the WHO of events that constitute an emergency in the field of public health of international importance

Where in Bulgaria are positioned Cabinet for anonymous and free AIDS testing? A. MBAL St Marina/ Infectious clinics B. Foundations C. mobile cabinets D. Regional health inspection (RHI)

D. Regional health inspection (RHI)

The dynamics of the epidemic spread of viral hepatitis A is manifested by: A. Climate changes/factors B. Professional activities C. Populated place D. Socio-economic living conditions

D. Socio-economic living conditions

HIV is: A. a diagnosis B. a syndrome C. a disease D. a virus

D. a virus

Integrated pest control may include the following methods: A. biological and physical B. veterinary technical C. biological, physical and chemical D. chemical and biological

D. chemical and biological ??

What anti-epidemic measures are carried out in an epidemic focus of plague: A. early detection of the infected, communication, registration, hospital isolation in a day hospital, etiological examination, discharge after clinical recovery and control laboratory tests B. early detection of the socially endangered, information, report, child isolation, pathogenetic treatment, discharge after clinical recovery and control mycological examinations C. active search, communication, registration, isolation in socially neutral places, conservative treatment, health promotion and health inspection D. early detection of patients, communication, registration, hospital isolation in an infectious hospital, etiological treatment, discharge after clinical recovery and control microbiological tests

D. early detection of patients, communication, registration, hospital isolation in an infectious hospital, etiological treatment, discharge after clinical recovery and control microbiological tests

Form of epidemic process (intensity) expression of extremely high morbidity with threat to term-2human health and life on the planet A. epidemic B. epidemic outbreak C. sporademia D. pandemic

D. pandemic

We think about nosocomial urinary infection when: A. Organ symptomatic of urinary tract infection appears. B. frequent urination occurred C. patients have micturition disorders D. prove bacteriuria or change of the agent of urinary tract infection

D. prove bacteriuria or change of the agent of urinary tract infection

For the good cleaning of medical devices from blood and secretions it is necessary: A. "to prepare solutions with alkaline pH and use oxygen-releasing biocides;" B. "to use solutions with acidic pH and surfactants;" C. "use solutions with neutral pH and surfactants;" D. to use mild detergents and aldehydes

D. to use mild detergents and aldehydes ??

Patients who pulled through colienteritidis are discharged after examination of fecal samples with: A. one negative result B. three negative results C. two consecutive negative results D. two negative results day after another

D. two negative results day after another ??

Source and natural reservoir of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in natural foci are: A. wild plants, wild bees and flying insects, agricultural habitats, fleas B. wild reptiles, elephants, lions, hyenas, domestic animals - pigs C. a significant number of wild reptiles, fish and bats, as well as mosquitoes D. wild (rabbits, hedgehogs, partridges, rodents) and domestic animals (cattle and sheep, horses, donkeys, camels), ticks

D. wild (rabbits, hedgehogs, partridges, rodents) and domestic animals (cattle and sheep, horses, donkeys, camels), ticks

Plague patients are highly contagious in: A. pulmonary form B. intestinal form C. skin form D. bubonic form

A. pulmonary form

The specific localization of beta - hemolytic streptococci is: A. throat and nasopharynx B. nasal mucosa C. pharynx D. mouth

A. throat and nasopharynx

The main mechanism of transmission of scarlet fever is: A. contact B. fecal-oral C. airborne D. alimentary

C. airborne

The mechanism of transmission of acute viral hepatitis C is: A. vectorborn B. fecal-oral C. air-droplets D. external!covers and mucosa

D. external!covers and mucosa

Source (or primary source) of infection can be: A. contaminated water B. only infected animal C. only infected human D. infected human or animal

D. infected human or animal

Biological sources of infection by healthcare associated infections cannot be: A. infected, colonized patients B. other persons caring for the patient C. contaminated medical devices D. infected, colonized personnel

D. infected, colonized personnel ??

The" mechanism of""transmission"of acute viral hepatitis A is: a) covers and mucosa b) fecal-oral c) air-droplets d) vectorborn

b) fecal-oral

Termination of pregnancy for medical reasons is allowed in patients with: a) Chickenpox b) Measles c) Rubella d) AIDS

c) Rubella

The "mechanism of transmission" of acute viral hepatitis B is: a) air-droplets b) fecal-oral c) covers and mucosa d) vectorborn

c) covers and mucosa

Source (or primary source) of infection can be: A) infected human B) contaminated surface C) contaminated water D) dust in the wind

A) infected human

Pest control - main characteristics: A. "activities for decontamination and control of pathogenic microorganisms and their vectors and reservoirs in the environment;" B. activities for feeding the population C. sparrow population control activities D. activities for protection against mass extermination of wild animals

A. "activities for decontamination and control of pathogenic microorganisms and their vectors and reservoirs in the environment;"

The maximum incubation period for poliomyelitis is: A. 35 days B. 7 days C. 20 days D. 14 days

A. 35 days

In case of epidemic outbreak of viral hepatitis A, the following measures are taken: A. Measures for the patient, contact and environment B. Deratization C. Disinfection of the environment D. Isolation of the patient

A. Measures for the patient, contact and environment ??

An element of the epidemic process influenced by social conditions: A. Mechanism of transmission B. The form of the infectious process C. Delivery of goods D. Mortality

A. Mechanism of transmission

The prevalence of salmonellosis is characterized by: A. Sporadic and epidemic prevalence B. Professional character C. Pandemic spread D. Lack of seasonality

A. Sporadic and epidemic prevalence

The task of the epidemiology of infectious diseases is: A. To continuously create and implement effective preventive measures to limit, eliminate and eradicate infectious diseases B. Theoretically to study the manifestations, conditions and reasons for the emergence, development and extinction of the spread of social processes C. To define the goals of disease management D. To correctly diagnose the patient

A. To continuously create and implement effective preventive measures to limit, eliminate and eradicate infectious diseases

Viral hepatitis (Hepatitis viralis) are: A. anthroponoses caused by hepatitis viruses A.B.C.D, E B. anthroponoses caused by hepatitis rickettsiae C. zoonoses caused by animal viruses D. zoonoses caused by hepatitis viruses A.B.C.D, E

A. anthroponoses caused by hepatitis viruses A.B.C.D, E

Smallpox is an infection that is: A. controlled B. eliminated C. eradicated D. limited

A. controlled ??

Infectious disease with air-droplets mechanism of transmission: A. diphtheria B. brucellosis C. hantavirus infection D. legionellosis

A. diphtheria

What is the mechanism of transmission in tetanus: A. external covers (contact) B. blood-transmissive C. alimentary D. aerogenic

A. external covers (contact)

The mechanism of transmission of acute viral hepatitis D is: A. external covers and mucosa B. air-droplets C. fecal-oral D. vectorborn

A. external covers and mucosa

What is the source of infection in rabies: A. foxes, wolves, jackals, dogs, cats, bats B. domestic animals - horses, donkeys, chickens, ducks, turkeys C. sick people, infected birds and ticks D. sick people and equidae - horses, mules, donkeys, healthy carriers in humans

A. foxes, wolves, jackals, dogs, cats, bats

Disadvantage of acute poisons is: A. have a sharp unbearable odor B. occurrence of genetic resistance C. disgust to the bait D. the agony of animals

A. have a sharp unbearable odor

What is the source of infection in viral hepatitis B: A. human - sick and contagious B. rodents - sick and infectious C. many wild and domestic animals D. monkeys and mosquitoes in tropical countries

A. human - sick and contagious

Indicate the primary driving force of the epidemic process A. mechanism of transmission of the infection B. lack of education C. factors of transmission of the infection D. the causative agents of infection

A. mechanism of transmission of the infection

What are the anti-epidemic measures in an epidemic focus of tetanus: A. patients are hospitalized and treated in an infectious ward, registration and notification, anti-epidemic measures to the contacts are not carried out B. patients are left for home treatment, registration and notification, anti- epidemic measures at the contact persons include quarantine for 30 days and conducting serum prophylaxis, disinsection and deartisation C. "In all animals bitten, salivated and scratched persons , wash the wound with soapy water or detergent, disinfect with an alcoholic solution of 70%, iodine tincture, iodasept; post-exposure vaccination according to a scheme, specific immunoglobulin" D. The sick person is hospitalized and treated in an infectious ward, discharged after clinical recovery, contacts in the focus are subject to medical observation for 23 days - thermometry, urine testing, burning of contaminated food from rodents, disinfection, disinsection, disinfection

A. patients are hospitalized and treated in an infectious ward, registration and notification, anti-epidemic measures to the contacts are not carried out

The source and natural reservoir of dengue fever in natural focus are: A. sick people and monkeys in the jungles of tropical areas of Southeast Asia B. rodents (rats and mice), their ectoparasites (fleas and ticks) C. populations of murine rodents and birds in the tropics of Africa D. wild reptiles, elephants, lions, hyenas, domestic animals - pigs

A. sick people and monkeys in the jungles of tropical areas of Southeast Asia

In which infectious diseases the soil is a factor of transmission of the causative agents: A. tetanus, gas gangrene, anthrax B. measles, smallpox, AIDS C. rabies, whooping cough, scarlet fever D. tuberculosis, yellow fever, viral encephalitis

A. tetanus, gas gangrene, anthrax

The epidemic process is considered as "sporadic morbidity", "epidemic outbreak", "epidemic" depending on A. the number of sick people B. the frequency of carrier formation C. the severity of the disease D. the rate of spread of the disease

A. the number of sick people

What materials do we collect for microbiological testing for scarlet fever: A. throat secretions B. nasal secretions C. secretion from wounds D. secretion from ulcers

A. throat secretions

The goal of the epidemiology of infectious diseases is: A. to study the regularities of epidemic process B. to study the incidence of infectious diseases C. to study the changing environmental conditions and factors D. to promote education in epidemiology in society

A. to study the regularities of epidemic process ???

The mechanism of transmission in Marseille/ Boutonneuse fever is: A. transmissive when bitten by the tick Ripicephalus Sanguineus and contact B. alimentary when consuming infected products C. transmissible when bitten by the tick Ixodes ricinus and roof D. covers when bitten by animals

A. transmissive when bitten by the tick Ripicephalus Sanguineus and contact

The mechanism and mode of transmission by Dengue fever is: A. vectorborne by mosquito bites B. vectorborne by tick bites C. vectorborne by a louse bites D. alimentary, contact-household, aerogen

A. vectorborne by mosquito bites

Medical supervision of the contacts of acute viral hepatitis C is: A. 45 days B. 120 days C. 180 days D. 30 days

B. 120 days

How many days is the incubation period of hepatitis D? A. 15-60 days B. 15-50 days C. 30-180 days D. 30-120 days

B. 15-50 days

Natural foci of plague infection are located in the following geographical areas: A. Australia, Arctic, Greenland B. Asia, America, Africa C. Antarctica, Europe, New Zealand D. Europe, Australia, Antarctica

B. Asia, America, Africa

Anthrax is caused by: A. Bacillus thuringiensis B. Bacillus anthracis C. Bacillus clausii D. Bacillus subtilis

B. Bacillus anthracis

List preparations that contain a tetanus vaccine: A. Synflorix, BCG B. DTP, Pentaxim, Hexacim, Tetadif, TAP C. Cervarix, Silgard D. Priorix, ММR

B. DTP, Pentaxim, Hexacim, Tetadif, TAP

The contacts of salmonellosis are: A. Serologically tested B. Observe and examine microbiologically C. They immunize D. Prophylaxis with antibiotic

B. Observe and examine microbiologically

Source of infection of hepatitis A can be: A. Convalescent carrier B. Patients with acute hepatitis C. chronic carriers D. infected animals

B. Patients with acute hepatitis ??

How to perform hygienic hand disinfection: A. Washing, drying and disinfection B. Washing, drying and disinfecting with alcohol-containing preparation C. Wash with soap and water D. Rubbing with an alcohol-containing preparation

B. Washing, drying and disinfecting with alcohol-containing preparation ??

The most suitable season for influenza immunization is: A. all year round B. autumn C. spring D. winter

B. autumn

Which factors involved in the transmission mechanism are most strongly influenced by natural conditions: A. air and water pollution B. biological vectors C. fish products D. dairy products

B. biological vectors

Indicate the complex of general control measures for infection prevention: A. disinfection of the focus, preventive snitation, health communication, protection of citizens B. disinfection of the focus, preventive information, ecologic analysis, protection of settlements C. anti-epidemic organization, health promotion, environmental education, public protection D. prophylactic disinfection, prophylactic immunization, health education, border protection

B. disinfection of the focus, preventive information, ecologic analysis, protection of settlements ??

Anti-epidemic measures to the source of infection are: A. medical supervision B. hospitalization or home isolation C. destruction of arthropods D. health education

B. hospitalization or home isolation

In our country immunoprophylaxis of poliomyelitis is carried out with: A. toxoid B. inactivated vaccine C. live attenuated vaccine D. recombinant vaccine

B. inactivated vaccine ??

In Bulgaria poliomyelitis immunization is carried out with: A. live attenuated vaccine from the first day of birth B. inactivated vaccine from 2 months of age C. Administration of toxoid, once at birth D. 3 doses of recombinant vaccine

B. inactivated vaccine from 2 months of age

The source of infection in measles are: A. sick animals B. sick people C. birds D. people carriers

B. sick people

Identify an infectious disease that has been eradicated worldwide as a result of epidemiologically effective immunization A. measles B. smallpox C. diphtheria D. scarlet fever

B. smallpox

Nowadays, poliomyelitis is found in: A. epidemic spread B. stage of eradication C. pandemic spread D. sporadic spread

B. stage of eradication

The method of epidemiological investigation includes A. study of the epizootic focus - the infected population or carriers, the people communicating with them and the surrounding media environment B. study of the epidemic focus - the infectious patient or the carrier, the people in contact with them and the surrounding environment C. study of ecological and social conditions - infectious factors or carriers, contaminanated persons and their environment D. description of the epidemic focus - the infectious patient or the infectious agent, the people in contact with them and the surrounding environment

B. study of the epidemic focus - the infectious patient or the carrier, the people in contact with them and the surrounding environment

What are the preventive measures for tetanus A. disinsection of pets, protection of people from tick attack by protective clothing repellents and gloves, health education for proper removal and destruction of tick inquiries, specific prevention B. surgical treatment and revision of wounds, specific prophylaxis of persons with injuries, measures in risk wards to prevent nosocomial infections, mass regular immunoprophylaxis C. cosmetic treatment and revision of the skin, specific prophylaxis of persons with mosquito bites, measures in risk stations to prevent farm contamination, mass regular health prophylaxis D. limitation of the epidemic process, deratization, disintegration, economic measures, personal dosing means, change of work and life, prevention of industrial injuries, promotion

B. surgical treatment and revision of wounds, specific prophylaxis of persons with injuries, measures in risk wards to prevent nosocomial infections, mass regular immunoprophylaxis

Measles is an infection in which: A. there is a contagious carriage B. there is re-infection C. there isn't a contagious carriage D. chronic disease

B. there is re-infection ??

Aldehyde-based disinfectants are used to: A. "incubator disinfection;" B. high level disinfection of surfaces C. "disinfection of work surfaces;" D. disinfection of instruments

C. "disinfection of work surfaces;"

The gas sterilization method uses: A. "utilized oxygen and chlorine;" B. "organic iodine and hydrogen peroxide;" C. "formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide and gaseous plasma;" D. chloroform and hydrogen peroxide

C. "formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide and gaseous plasma;" ??

Reimmunization against measles in Bulgaria is carried out at: A. to 17 years B. to 7 years C. 12 years D. to 6 years

C. 12 years

Risk moments for infection with zoonoses: A. Use of plant origin foods B. Beekeeping C. Blood-sucking insect bite D. Immunization with hyperimmune animal globulin

C. Blood-sucking insect bite

The task of the epidemiology of infectious diseases is: A. Only statistically describe epidemics B. To study the treatment of infectious patients C. To continuously create and implement effective tools and methods to combat infectious diseases D. To apply homeopathic methods in the fight against infectious diseases

C. To continuously!create and implement effective tools and methods to combat infectious diseases

Specify a definition for Anthrax: A. acute infectious disease caused by viruses B. acute infectious disease caused by toxigenic microorganisms C. acute infectious disease caused by a spore-forming bacterium D. acute infectious disease caused by a non-spore-forming bacterium

C. acute infectious disease caused by a spore-forming bacterium

Indicate which transmission factors are of significant epidemiological importance for infecting people with the causative agent of rabies: A. blood and sexual products from sick people, excrement from rodents and birds B. boiled milk from sick animals, animal raw materials - processed leather, wool, meat, agricultural land C. bites, salivation with saliva from sick animals, blood-sucking bats D. canned dairy and meat products, agricultural raw materials - vegetables, fruits, straw, hay, etc

C. bites, salivation with saliva from sick animals, blood-sucking bats

Active surveillance over HAIs is conducted: A. by the senior nurse B. by the medical team caring for the patient C. by trained infection control specialists D. by physician

C. by trained infection control specialists ??

Epidemic risk of disease in human beings in the natural focal infections increased by A. epizootic among domestic and synanthropic animals. B. active cultivation of crops and industry C. epizootic among wild and field animals and birds D. increasing the degree of urbanization

C. epizootic among wild and field animals and birds ??

From epidemiological point of view ill person with Lyme disease: A. is a source of infection B. is not a source of infection by close contact C. is not a source of infection D. is a source of infection by sexual contact

C. is not a source of infection

The mechanism of HIV transmission is: A. transmissive by vectors B. air droplet C. multiple/plural D. fecal oral

C. multiple/plural ??

Fleas are a specific vector in: A. CCHF B. Q-fever C. plague D. Marseille fever

C. plague

The immunity of the organism is acquired A. non-specific B. species dependent C. post-infectious and post-immunization D. phenotypically dependent

C. post-infectious and post-immunization

Specify types of rabies foci: A. natural, anthropurgic, natural-anthropurgic B. demographic, natural-climatic, ednemic C. steppe, forest, steppe-forest D. naturalphilic, anthropophilic, social

C. steppe, forest, steppe-forest

The chickenpox patient should be isolated for: A. 9 days B. 7 days C. until all the lesions are crusted D. 21 days

C. until all the lesions are crusted

The cause of the flu is: A. virus aviorum family Aerogenidae B. Neisseria C. virus from the family Orthomyxoviridae D. Haemophilus influenzae type B

C. virus from the family Orthomyxoviridae

The yellow fever (Febris flava) is caused etiologicaly by: A. virus of the genus Nairovirus, B. virus of the genus Hantaan virus, C. virus of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae D. family Bunyaviridae E. family Bunyaviridae of the virus SARS-CoV-2

C. virus of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae

Hepatitis A immunization is performed with: a) 2 doses b) 1 dose c) 4 doses d) 3 doses

a) 2 doses

The basic immunization against hepatitis B is: a) 3 doses b) 1 dose c) 5 doses d) 2 doses

a) 3 doses

Which of the following infections is particularly dangerous: a) plague b) Typhoid fever c) Viral hepatitis d) AIDS

a) plague

It is recommended that influenza immunization be carried out: a) all year round b) October c) August d) when a flu epidemic is declared

b) October

The mumps vaccine is combined with: a) BCG - Vaccine b) The rubella vaccine c) Tetanus toxoid d) Polio vaccine

b) The rubella vaccine

There is a inactivated vaccine against hepatitis: a) hep.C b) hep.A c) hep.D d) hep.B

b) hep.A

The main factor for cholera transmission is: a) the soil b) water c) the air d) foodstuffs

b) water

Medical supervision of the contacts of acute viral hepatitis A is: a) 120 days b) 180 days c) 45 days d) 30 days

c) 45 days

Obligatory vaccines included in the immunization calendar of the Republic of Bulgaria are: a) Hepatitis A b) Yellow fever c) Measles d) Chickenpox

c) Measles

Factors of transmission of the infection in botulism are: a) mosquitoes and ticks b) air c) different types of food d) water

c) different types of food

Medical supervision of the contacts"of acute viral hepatitis D is: a) 80 days b) 45 days c) 120 days d) 30 days

d) 30 days

Ticks are a specific vector of: a) plague b) yelow fever c) typhus d) Lyme disease

d) Lyme disease

The risk group for Lyme disease is: a) food workers b) medical staffs c) seafarers d) forest workers

d) forest workers

There is a recombinant vaccine against hepatitis: a) hep.A b) hep.C c) hep.E d) hep.B

d) hep.B

The recombinant vaccine against hepatitis B prevent hepatitis: a) hep.A b) hep.E c) hep.C d) hep.D

d) hep.D

The phases in the mechanism of transmission of the infection are: a) two b) one c) four d) three

d) three

A major factor in the transmission of hepatitis E is: a) dirty hands b) blood c) foodstuffs d) water

d) water