ERGONOMICS MODULE 1-2
Compression of the nerves along the sides of the fingers or thumbs, resulting in tingling & numbness.
DIGITAL NEURITIS
Mental or physical distress.
DISCOMFORT
is a human factors experts strive to consider how a product, workplace, or structure can be built to accommodate the individuals who need to use it, rather than requiring people to conform to a design that requires them to work in an inconvenient, stressful or unsafe way.
Ergonomics
The amount of physical effort a person uses to do a task.
FORCE
The contact of the body with a hard surface or edge that results in the compression of the tissue. Can also result when using a part of the body like a hammer or striking instrument.
MECHANICAL CONTACT STRESS
Gloves, knee pads, & other equipment may help reduce hazards until other controls can be implemented or that supplement existing controls.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
The goal of ergonomics is to take into account the user experience & actions when using a particular product design.
Principles of Ergonomics
ergonomics can be considered as the one-time investment
REDUCES THE COST
The cost in terms of lost workdays of new injuries & illnesses.
SEVERITY RATE
Conducting an ergonomic assessment is a foundational element of the ergonomic process. Your ergonomic improvement efforts will never get off the ground without being able to effectively assess jobs in your workplace for MSD risk factors.
STEP 1: ASSESS RISK
Inflammation of the tendon
TENDONITIS
Inflammation of the sheath around the tendon.
TENOSYNOVITIS
Compression of the ulnar nerve as it passes through the wrist, often associated with prolonged flexion & extension of the wrist & pressure on the palm.
ULNAR NERVE ENTRAPMENT
A safety & health review that addresses work-related MSDs.
WORKSITE ANALYSIS
Procedures are used to reduce the duration, frequency, or severity of exposure to a hazard.
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS
If a job task looks uncomfortable, it probably is, & this increases the chances for injury. Excessive torso bending, reaching away from the body, bending the neck, or reaching above shoulder height are examples of awkward position.
AWKWARD POSTURE
Inflammation of the tendon &/or its sheath at the base of the thumb.
DE QUERVAIN'S DISEASE
The multiple factors related to ergonomics, such as human lighting resistance, emissions, noise hearing & ventilation should be taken into account when designing a proper working environment for the workforce at work. Ergonomic research should be conducted on all environmental considerations, such as public transport, road networks, airpost, etc.
DESIGN OF WORKING ENVIRONMENT
as the ergonomics improves, the level of satisfaction in the quality of the work increases.
IMPROVES THE QUALITY OF THE WORK
Illnesses & injuries that affect one or more parts of the soft tissue & bones in the body. The parts of the musculoskeletal system are bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, & their associated nerves & blood vessels.
MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (MSDS)
It looks at how human anatomical, anthropometric, physiological, and biomechanical characteristics relate to physical activity. This includes: working postures manual handling repetitive movements musculoskeletal disorders workplace layout & Environment
PHYSICAL ERGONOMICS
include aches & pains your body is experiencing
physical distress
The vibration that goes through the hand then travels through the rest of the body.
HAND-ARM VIBRATION
General soreness & fatigue of the low back.
NONSPECIFIC BACKACHE
more focus on the working environment and worker's health makes them feel valued and boosts morale.
benefits of ergonomics
Compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist.
CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME
General soreness & fatigue of the low back. Pain is usually constant, & it accompanies most activities.
CHRONIC LOW- BACK PAIN
Injuries & illnesses generally occur as a result of exposure to repeated stresses over a period of time.
CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS
Wear & tear the discs that separate the vertebrae of the spine.
DEGENERATIVE DISC DISEASE
In the design of consumer products, ergonomics is applicable, starting from the design of the toothbrush and other items such as dining set; sofa sets, etc. Similarly, it should be economically sound for protective equipment such as safety goggles, gloves, firefighting & industrial hazard protection & appliances.
DESIGN OF CONSUMER GOODS & SERVICE SYSTEM
gripping, pinching, pushing, pulling, & lifting objects place additional force on the body's joints.
Force
the capacity for injury to a joint is increased by the greater frequency of uncomfortable postures &/or forces.
Frequency
Studies mental processes (perception, cognition, memory, reasoning & emotion) & how people interact with products, systems, & environments. This includes: mental workload decision-making human-computer interaction human reliability attitude stress motivation & pleasure cultural differences
PSYCHOLOGICAL ERGONOMICS
the joints can absorb force more effectively in a neutral pose than in others. As they may stress joint components and decrease or obstruct blood flow, uncomfortable, and extreme postures increase susceptibility to injury.
Posture
Overstretching or overexertion of a ligament that results in a tear or rupture of the ligament.
SPRAIN & STRAIN
is a science-based discipline that incorporates expertise from other subjects, such as anatomy and physiology, psychology, engineering, and statistics, to ensure that designs match people's strengths and abilities and minimize the impact of their shortcomings.
Ergonomics
is concerned with the study of human characteristics & functions called anthropometrics & how it relates to design. It allows for a kitchen staff to complete a task with as minimal steps, bending, reaching, & walking as possible.
Ergonomics
is the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data, and methods to design in order to optimize human well being and overall system performance.
Ergonomics
STEP 1: ASSESS RISK STEP 2: PLAN IMPROVEMENTS STEP 3: MEASURE PROGRESS STEP 4: SCALE SOLUTION
Ergonomics Process
Ergonomics is the science of designing the workplace to fit the worker, rather than expecting a worker to fit into the job that has not been designed correctly. A poorly designed workplace puts workers at risk of getting hurt.
Ergonomics Reduces Injuries
A condition that results when the body cannot provide enough energy for the muscles to perform a task.
FATIGUE
All cooking equipment, with the exception of the microwave, should be strategically placed to maximize the task lighting & ventilation hood.
Find the Right Equipment, Ventilation, & Lighting
Desert presentation or cake decoration requires 400 to 800 lux. 400 lux is equivalent of a sunrise or sunset on a clear day.
Find the Right Equipment, Ventilation, & Lighting
Ease of use is what counts when choosing the correct appliances & installations.
Find the Right Equipment, Ventilation, & Lighting
In an energy-efficient kitchen set-up, refrigeration & cooking equipment are kept as far as possible while still being practical.
Find the Right Equipment, Ventilation, & Lighting
It is integral that ranges, char-broilers, griddles, & fryers have a dedicated kitchen hood or are placed under a centralized larger one as they generate the most heat.
Find the Right Equipment, Ventilation, & Lighting
Keep fryers separate from other pieces of cooking equipment & isolate your simmering liquids since they have less heat. For restaurants with solid fuel cooking appliances that also expose one to dangerous flames & substances with carbon monoxide gas, appropriate ventilation & air circulation plans have to be in place.
Find the Right Equipment, Ventilation, & Lighting
Kitchen light should be about 160 lux. Food prep, cooking, & washing areas need around 240 lux.
Find the Right Equipment, Ventilation, & Lighting
Lack of natural light or sunlight lamps in the workplace can cause eye strain & can make staff tired easily.
Find the Right Equipment, Ventilation, & Lighting
There are 5 main areas of activity in a kitchen to consider: washing, cooking, prepping utensils, & storage.
Find the Right Equipment, Ventilation, & Lighting
Swelling of the tendon sheath due to the buildup of synovial fluid inside the sheath. The cyst usually causes a bump under the skin.
GANGLIONIC CYST
Eliminating or minimizing the hazards identified in the worksite analysis. It involves changing the jobs, workstations, tools, or environment to fit the worker.
HAZARD PREVENTION & CONTROL
improved ergonomics favor a favorable environment where the workers can work efficiently.
IMPROVES THE QUALITY OF THE WORK
Ergonomics reduces the unwanted tension, the awkward position of the body
INCREASES PRODUCTIVITY
The best ergonomic solution enhances productivity.
INCREASES PRODUCTIVITY
is focused on making the work easier and comfortable, thereby reduces any kind of stress, risk and enhances satisfaction and productivity.
INCREASES PRODUCTIVITY
Represents the # of injuries &/or illnesses per 100 full- time workers
INJURY INCIDENT RATE
Cookware & crockery should have dedicated storage either in the pantry or shelves.
Master the Art of Tidying and Storing
Create a space where staff can focus on ease of cleaning & storing as much as on ease of use.
Master the Art of Tidying and Storing
Do not store food in cupboards that are affected by heat from burners and ovens.
Master the Art of Tidying and Storing
For the kitchen layout, it is important to keep items close to where they are most used.
Master the Art of Tidying and Storing
It is important to have a systematic & orderly kitchen to make staff feel more in control. Considering the practicality & service-oriented nature of the kitchen, it is necessary to discard things & ingredients that are past their prime.
Master the Art of Tidying and Storing
Only invest in the equipment or tools that you need. Stack things vertically to save space.
Master the Art of Tidying and Storing
Portable storage units are also recommended to make circulation easy for the staff. Storage area can be split into three parts: non-food storage, dry storage, & colds storage.
Master the Art of Tidying and Storing
Start by organizing by category like implements for eating, cooking utensils & food, & not by location.
Master the Art of Tidying and Storing
Store ingredients or items in clear containers so you can already see what is inside.
Master the Art of Tidying and Storing
The lightest item can be placed in the least accessible cabinets - those above the head or below the knee.
Master the Art of Tidying and Storing
Weight is rarely a consideration, but it should be. Store heavy items between hip & shoulder height to avoid overstretching.
Master the Art of Tidying and Storing
herbs, spices, & cooking oils cannot be placed too near the stove as heat damages these items. As much as possible, keep work surfaces clear & put nothing on the counters or around the sink & stove top because these are oil- & water- splash zones.
Master the Art of Tidying and Storing
A comfortable working posture that reduces the risk of musculoskeletal disorder. An ideal posture for the upper body would be: arms at your sides, elbows bent, wrists straight, & eyes looking straight ahead.
NEUTRAL POSTURE
Is about optimizing the organizational structures, policies, & processes of socio-technical systems. This includes: communication work design staff resource management working time patterns co-operative work quality management organizational culture
ORGANIZATIONAL ERGONOMICS
The most common type of arthritis, Especially among older people, is sometimes called degenerative joint disease or "wear-&- tear" arthritis.
OSTEOARTHRITIS
The overall work environment should be comfortable & provide good lighting, fresh air, & ample room for users or designers. The design of the light systems should prevent reflections caused by the polished computer screens in offices where computer screens are mounted.
Principle 10: Provide Good Lighting Condition
Neutral postures are postures where, when either sitting or standing, the body is aligned & balanced, putting minimal stress on the body & holding joints aligned.
Principle 1: Maintain Neutral Position
This idea is somewhat similar to the preservation of a neutral stance, but it should be explained here. Between mid-thigh & mid-chest height, the power zone for lifting is close to the body. With the least amount of effort, this region is where the arms & back can lift the most.
Principle 2: Work in the Power/ Comfort Zone
The musculoskeletal system is also referred to as the movement system of the human body, & it is meant to move. Working in a static position for long periods of time can induce fatigue in your body. This is what's referred to as static load.
Principle 3: Allow for Movement and Stretching
In both the physical & digital realms, this concept is commonly applied. It should make it easy to communicate with a particular product. The product can be easily accessed & communicated with by customers. For instance, with the minimum amount of effort & time, the control panel for dishwashers should be available.
Principle 4: Keep Things Easy to Reach
The design of heavy products should consider minimizing the unnecessary force used or used for the product to be pulled, moved, or carried. Alternative methods, such as the use of wheels for these goods, should be modified in order to reduce the use of force.
Principle 5: Reduce Excessive Force
The aim of this principle is to decrease the amount of movement spent dealing with the project. The motion refers to any motion using the figures, wrist, or other body parts.
Principle 6: Reduce Excessive Motion
Compression of the nerves & blood vessels between the neck & shoulder is often associated with prolonged overhead work.
THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME
A common term for tendonitis or tenosynovitis that causes painful locking of the fingers while flexing.
TRIGGER FINGER
assurance to the worker as their workplace is safer
benefits of ergonomics
helps to reduce absenteeism due to more comfort, safety,and a healthy working environment
benefits of ergonomics
A general rule of thumb is to allow ___________of kitchen space for every seat in the restaurant, so a 50-seat restaurant needs at least a 250 square-foot kitchen. Consider also the estimated number of staff who need access to the kitchen.
five square feet
-slipper floors, poor lighting -hot stoves, grills, oil & grease -knives & unguarded machines
hazards in restaurants
-unnatural & awkward body positions -continuously performing the same motion over & over again during a work shift -standing for long periods of time in one spot -manual handling (lifting, lowering, pushing, pulling, carrying, holding, filling, emptying) of heavy & awkward boxes, crates, trays, equipment or garbage.
hazards of ergonomics
include loss of a loved one, pressure to perform at work, or lack of sleep
mental distress
This theory stemmed from industries developing a method, known as "Time & Motion Studies:, for measuring job completion & efficiency during the early part of the twentieth century.
Apply the Kitchen Work Triangle Principle
A systematic method is used to evaluate, prevent, & manage work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The 4 elements of a typical ergonomics program are worksite analysis, hazard prevention & control, medical management, & training & education.
ERGONOMICS PROGRAM
Employee mobility, energy effectiveness, flexibility, & ergonomics are critical factors in a commercial kitchen. Here, we find ways on how to prioritize comfort & efficiency in the space's design.
Ergonomic Design Guidelines for a Safe and Functional Kitchen
are the three key ergonomic risk factors that cause MSDs. The probability of developing an MSD is enhanced by the combinations of postures, forces, and frequencies.
Awkward posture, high force, and high or long frequency
Binding, squeezing, or shrinking blood vessels so that circulation is reduced.
CONSTRICTION
Compression of the ulnar nerve as it passes through the notch of the elbow.
CUBITAL TUNNEL SYNDROME
Placing the compartment sinks near the kitchen entrance allows servers to quickly drop off dirty dishes but it should also be near the storage area to give access to chefs to clean plates.
Create Enough Space to Ensure Smooth Workflow
Sinks should be placed near the chef's or staff's workstations to avoid collision & chaos, but hand washing should be separated from food washing.Sinks should be placed near the chef's or staff's workstations to avoid collision & chaos, but hand washing should be separated from food washing.
Create Enough Space to Ensure Smooth Workflow
The area that is most important is the space between hip & shoulder height as anything stored at this height is within reach. It is also a good practice to place appliances & kitchen furniture at distance apart to allow free movement while working.
Create Enough Space to Ensure Smooth Workflow
The space between two counters should be at least 4 feet. Alotting the right space is vital to save time & to maintain a smooth-running kitchen especially during peak periods.
Create Enough Space to Ensure Smooth Workflow
The style & complexity of cooking methods will influence how much space is need.
Create Enough Space to Ensure Smooth Workflow
It is a system where, in relation to one or more computers, devices, or facilities, one or more workmen/ humans operate. Ergonomics is used to adjust such systems so as to provide the user of the device w/ maximum job satisfaction & comfort & minimal physiological & mental impact.
DESIGN OF MAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS
These small alterations can save time & effort & avoid annoyance, strain, pointless movements & inconvenience. Ergonomics aims at creating work faster & more pleasant while improving the interface right between the human body & all the things to interact with to get each work done. Aside from this, it eliminates unnecessary risks that can potentially cause an accident.
Develop a Flexible Interior Plan
Method of controlling & preventing worker exposure to risk-factors or hazards by redesigning equipment, tools, and workstations.
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
Inflammation of the tendons at the elbow. Also called tennis elbow (outside part) or golfer's elbow (inside part).
EPICONDYLITIS
It is the field of study that seeks to match the physical & cognitive requirements of the job to the abilities of the worker. This is achieved by designing workplaces, environments, job tasks, equipment, & processes to suit the worker's abilities.
ERGONOMICS
According to OSHA, contact stress results from continuous contact or rubbing between hard or sharp objects/ surfaces & sensitive body tissue, such as soft tissue of the fingers, palms, thighs, & feet. This interaction produces localized pressure that can impede blood, nerve function, or tendon & muscle movement in a specific area of the body.
Principle 7: Minimize Contact Stress
Product & interior design should provide the user with a room to move freely & avoid dumping into any of the objects. In the digital domain, the same principle is applied. The user should be able to switch between the function seamlessly & avoid any confusion such as clicking on the wrong buttons by putting the features & elements in the website design or mobile application device.
Principle 8: Provide Clearance
Multiple studies have shown that regular & repetitive exposure to vibration can lead to lasting adverse health effects, which are more likely to occur when a person's job is a regular & necessary part of interaction with a vibrating tool or work process.
Principle 9: Reduce Excessive Vibration
A constriction of the blood vessels in the hands & fingers. Also called "white finger".
RAYNAUD'S PHENOMENON
as ergonomics is focused about marinating the better health of the worker it can further reduce the cost of compensation that would be made by the injured or unhealthy staff
REDUCES THE COST
it also reduces the indirect and the opportunity cost that could have incurred due to injury.
REDUCES THE COST
An aspect of a job that increases the worker's chance of getting a work-related MSDs.
RISK FACTORS
Inflammation of one or more tendons at the shoulder. Also called "pitcher's shoulder".
ROTATOR CUFF TENDONITIS
Physical effort or posture that is held without movement & requires muscle contraction for more than a short time. As muscles remain contracted, the blood flow to the muscles is reduced.
STATIC LOADING
The core goal of the ergonomics process is to make changes to your workplace that reduce risks. Making changes at scale requires a significant planning effort that includes prioritizing jobs to be improved, identifying effective improvement ideas, & cost-justifying the improvement projects.
STEP 2: PLAN IMPROVEMENTS
Measurement is an important component of any successful continuous improvement process. High performing ergonomics programs are constantly measured using both leading & lagging indicators.
STEP 3: MEASURE PROGRESS
By establishing a common set of tools to train your workforce, assess risk, plan improvements, measure progress, & design new work processes, you'll be able to scale ergonomics best practices throughout your organization.
STEP 4: SCALE SOLUTION