Erikson, Piaget, and Freud's Stages of Development

At what age does the crisis "Trust vs Mistrust" occur in Erickson's Psychosocial Development Theory. Describe a virtue of the crisis and a negative outcome as well.

0-1 year. Infants experience trust vs mistrust. Infants are obviously very unsure about the world they live in, so they look to their primary caregivers (parents) for care. If they receive the care, they develop the virtue of trust. However, if they do not receive appropriate care, they develop suspicion or fear.

Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development

0-1 year: trust vs mistrust 1 year-3 years: autonomy vs shame & doubt 3-5 years: initiative vs guilt 5-12 years: industry vs inferiority 12-18 years: identity vs role confusion 18-40 years: intimacy vs isolation 40-65 years: generativity vs stagnation 65+ years: ego integrity vs despair

At what age does the crisis "Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt" occur in Erickson's Psychosocial Development Theory. Describe a virtue of the crisis and a negative outcome as well.

1-3 year olds experience autonomy vs shame/doubt. Around 1-3 years old, children begin to assert their independence (walking away from mother, choosing what to eat, etc). Obviously, during this stage in life, children gain a sense of autonomy. Erikson said it is critical that parents allow their children to express autonomy. When a child's parents allow them to be independent, the child develops the virtue of free-will. However, if the child is not allowed to express autonomy, they will develop doubt in their abilities and shame when they fail.

At what age does the crisis "Initiative vs Guilt" occur in Erickson's Psychosocial Development Theory. Describe a virtue of the crisis and a negative outcome as well.

3-5 years old. Children are interacting with each other at this stage of life and are feeling more secure in their abilities. The virtue children acquire during this stage is purpose. However, if children are not allowed to interact and ask questions and lead, they will develop feelings of inadequacy (guilt).

At what age does the crisis "Industry vs Inferiority" occur in Erickson's Psychosocial Development Theory. Describe a virtue of the crisis and a negative outcome as well.

5-12 years old. This is where teachers have an important role. Children begin to learn specific skills during this phase of life. If children learn skills and are able to accomplish tasks, solve problems, etc, the child will develop the virtue of competence (industrialized point of view). However, if the child does not succeed, they will doubt their abilities and feel inferior.

At what age does the crisis "Intimacy vs Isolation" occur in Erickson's Psychosocial Development Theory. Describe a virtue of the crisis and a negative outcome as well.

Ages 18-40. Young adulthood to adulthood. In this stage, we explore relationships leading to longer term commitments. If successful in forming close, personal relationships, people develop the virtue of love and intimacy. However, failure to develop long term, stable relationships leads to isolation and unhappiness

At what age does the crisis "Generativity vs Stagnation" occur in Erickson's Psychosocial Development Theory. Describe a virtue of the crisis and a negative outcome as well.

Ages 40-65. Adults have an established career. They make family the center of their lives. They develop a sense of the bigger picture. If adults are able to see this bigger picture, they will develop the virtue of care for others, and give back to their community, family, etc. However, if they lack this sense of the bigger picture, adults begin to feel unproductive and develop stagnation.

At what age does the crisis "Ego Integrity vs Despair" occur in Erickson's Psychosocial Development Theory. Describe a virtue of the crisis and a negative outcome as well.

Ages 65+. People reminisce on their lives. If they are satisfied, they develop a sense of satisfaction. People will develop wisdom and will be able to look back on life with closure. However, if people feel as if they were unproductive in life, they will develop despair.

At what age does the crisis "Identity vs Role Confusion" occur in Erickson's Psychosocial Development Theory. Describe a virtue of the crisis and a negative outcome as well.

Between the ages of 12-18. This is the transition from childhood to adulthood. Children start to postulate regarding their futures. If they are confident in their image, they develop the virtue of identity. They will see themselves as unique and have confidence. However, if they are not confident with their image, children will develop role confusion.

In Piaget's Theory, what stage is between the Preoperational and the Formal Operational stages?

Concrete operational, from 7-11 years old, in which concepts can be applied to concrete situations.

Briefly describe Freud's 5 Psychosexual Stages of Development (OAPLG) Oral Anal Phallic, Life's good

Oral (0-1 years): focus on mouth, tongue lips. Ex of adult fixation: overeating, perverse kissing Anal (1-3 years): focus on the anus, development of potty training. Ex of adult fixation: orderliness Phallic (3-6 years): focus on genitals. Ex of adult fixation: difficulty with sex role identity, promiscuity, homosexuality. Latency (6-12 years): no focus of libido, develop defense mechanisms. Genital (12+): focus on genitals. Adult ex: If all prior stages were successfully completed, the person should be sexually matured and mentally healthy

Piaget's Theory Mnemonic (SPCF) Stinky Penis Cock Fart

Sensorimotor stage (0-2 years): coupling senses with motor responses, object permanence developed. Preoperational stage (2-7 years): use of proper syntax and grammar to express full concepts. Imagination strong, but complex abstract thought still difficult. Conservation developed. Concrete operational stage (7-11 years): concepts attached to concrete situations; time, space, quantity can be applied. Formal Operational (11+): theoretical, hypothetical thinking, logic and reasoning; concepts can be applied in a variety of contexts. Stinky Penis Cock Fart

In Piaget's Theory, when is conservation developed?

The preoperational stage (ages 2-7 years)

In Piaget's Theory, when is object permanence developed?

The sensorimotor stage (ages 0-2 years)