ES 394 Ole Miss Test 1

Embryonic Research

(Under Miami Project) - Stem Cells

Special Olympics Oath

"Let me win, but if I cannot win, let me be brave in the attempt".

EEG

Electroencephalogram: measures brain electrical activity. (REM: Rapid Eye Movement Waves)

EMG

Electromyography: measures muscle electrical activity.

Audiology

Hearing disorder

TBI

Traumatic Brain Injuries (most common is car accidents)

T/F: Special Olympics athletes are more active than the general population.

True

What is the purpose of a Behavioral Management Program?

They help individuals choose mindful, fulfilling, purposeful, productive, and socially acceptable actions.

What neurological/kinesthetic feedback was not present in the utilization of Luka Kristoe's hands?

When grabbing items he didn't know how to control the strength of his hands.

Who is someone who is Differently Abled?

- A disabled individual - First proposed in the 1980's as an alternative to disabled, handicapped, etc. because it gave a more positive message, therefore avoided discrimination towards people with disabilities.

What are some future hurdles Bong will have to overcome?

- Bong has a condition known as arthrogryposis which is a disorder that develops before birth (prenatal), is present at birth (congenital), and is characterized by reduced mobility of many, multiple, joints. - It is a condition because it is not contagious. - It does not affect his mental development only his physical development, specifically his legs.

What causes individuals to have these difficulties of not being able to build/maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships?

- Chemical imbalances (hyperactivity, depression, etc.). - Moving schools as a child/from city to city (withdrawal). - Aggression - Immaturity - Learning disabilities

Which populations can benefit from a Behavioral Management Program?

- Individuals trying to lose weight via food or exercise. - Young adults and children

How do people usually go about making these behavioral management changes?

- People usually make changes about their physical appearance due to health scares (heart attack or stroke). - Sometimes people change because of behavior scares (getting a speeding ticket).

What are some Behavioral Management Techniques?

- Planned ignoring - Interest boosting - Switching lessons - Restructure program - Set routine - Know clients interests - Proximity Control (separating two trouble makers) - Utilizing humor (about yourself or other individuals as long as acceptable) - Remove distractions (verbal removal/physical removal) - Reinforcement (positive/negative, positive more beneficial)

Ed Roberts

- Political advocate, paralyzed from the neck down. - Required an 800lb 'lung' to breathe.

Ed Tessier

- Politician in California - Wanted to bring the community closer, appeal to minorities, and wanted to make curbs have wheelchair access ramps.

Mainstreaming

- The integration of children from special education classes those in the regular program. - An attempt to acquaint intellectually disabled children with normal school routines.

Who is someone with Special Needs?

Any of the various difficulties, such as physical, emotional, behavioral, or learning disability/impairment, that causes a person to require additional or specialized services/accommodations such as in education or recreation. (ex: emotional support animal)

Team Approach: What/Who are the three inter-cooperative individuals in any exercise science related setting?

Child, Parent, School

CF

Cystic Fibrosis (build up of fluid in lungs)

What did Ed Roberts notice about peoples attitudes towards individuals with disabilities?

Ed would notice people staring and instead of letting it get to him mentally and emotionally, he viewed himself as a star.

EKG/ECG

Electrocardiogram: measures heart electrical activity.

What was the lesson learned in the Ramp of Hope?

People with disabilities are just people, whether they are intellectually or physically handicapped, treat them according to their needs, but always remember, they are just people.

What are some important technological design components of a wheelchair?

Portable, light, comfortable, fun colors, components that made the person feel more confident as they did for Marilyn.

PWS

Prader Willy Syndrome (hypothalamus lacks control center which creates uncontrollable appetite leading to severely overweight individuals)

What are Inclusion Sports Programs?

Special athletes working with non-special athletes.

SB

Spinia Bifida (Lower Spinal Cord)

SCI

Spinor Cord Injuries (young males more prone to these injuries due to lifestyle choices)

Deinstitutionalization

Taking people out of institutions. (ex: when children leave/move out of parents home or when children move back in with parents)

Handicap

The effect of a disability on a person.

Behavioral Modification

The first people in an individuals life to modify their behavior are their parents.

Who was the presenter in the Ramp of Hope?

The mayor of the city.

What derogatory terms were utilized in the Ramp of Hope?

unfortunate, burden, not normal, handicapped, limited, (many others)

Independence Model

- Focus is more specific to advocating for the independence of people who are disabled. - People with disabilities are their own experts on their needs and what their services require.

Goals for Special Olympics

- Sports skills instruction - Motor/Physical educational skill development - Lifetime social interaction skills - Inclusion Sports Programs

Marlon Shirley

- Sprinter, SL amputee - Had accidental run-in with a lawnmower that left him an amputee at 5 years old. - Two-time Paralympic 100m champion. - Competed in 2000 Summer Paralympics in the 4x100m and long jump. - Got a silver in the high jump and a gold in the 100m.

Why was Marilyn Hamilton the best and worst wheelchair customer?

- Went through 3 wheelchairs in the first year because she claimed they were "disgusting, heavy, awkward, and sick". As well as that they took a lot of energy/were real "chores" to do everyday activities in. - Always wanted the newest/best/lightest stuff but was never pleased.

How did Luka Kristoe's prosthetic hands function?

- Work with tube sensors, one sensor touches the outside of the forearm while the other touches the inside. - Touching on outside hand closes, touching on inside hand opens. - Recharges the arms with batteries every night.

AK

Above Knee

ADL

Activities of Daily Living

Down's

Down Syndrome (extra chromosome)

OH

Orthopedic Handicaps

Who were the three most important people in Bongs life?

Parents, mother and father, teacher, and friend, Donnell.

Technological Developments of prosthetic leg

The Flex Foot, which is made out of carbon fibers that are attached to his/her real legs, lighter than actual legs, had a great spring return, and closely resemble the movement of an actual leg. (Sara and that other track athlete who was a guy that taught other amputees how to use it, both themselves used the Flex Foot).

What is an Exceptional Individual?

A person who deviates from the norm in one of the following situations and requires modifications in their life socially, emotionally, physically, mentally.

Who is someone that is Physically Challenged?

A person who has a problem with their body that makes it difficult for them to do things that other people can do easily, affects person in terms of their physical status.

Who were the Rolling Quads?

(Ed Roberts was a part of them back in the day) A group of disabled individuals who formed a group at school and made Berkeley one of the most accessible campuses in the nation.

Nerves: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)

(Under Miami Project) - Build a bridge to reconnect the spinal cord. - Schwann cells were places inside the body in hopes of stimulating nerve fibers to help grow the bridge.

Functional Electronic Stimulation (FES)

(Under Miami Project) - A treatment that applies small electrical charges to the leg to improve mobility if you have difficulties with walking because of damage to your brain or spinal cord. - The device is supposed to help people be able to stand and walk, but only for short distances, a wheelchair or walker is still necessary for moving around for long periods of time. - May also help decrease osteoporosis.

Special Olympics is NOT...

- "nice" - a charity - just sports

Special Olympic Basketball activities

- 3 on 3 - skills and drills (shooting/passing/dribbling) - full court

World Institute on Disabilities

- A non-profit that works to fully integrate people with disabilities into the communities around them in a variety of different ways. - Founded in 1983 by Judy Heumann, Joan Leon, and Ed Roberts. - Based in Berkeley, California

Sara Reinersten

- Athlete, AK (above knee) amputee - Participated in 1996 Paralympic Games at Atlanta and Annual National Amputee Summer Games. - Had a big, bulky, loud prosthetic leg that her family joked about how she could never be a burglar because it made so much noise when she walked. - Eventually obtained the Flex Foot and said it gave her more confidence.

Oscar Pistorius

- Blade Runner, DL amputee - Legs amputated below the knee at 11 months old. - 10th athlete to compete at both the Paralympic Games and Olympic Games. - Competed in sprint events for below the knee amputees in Paralympic events and non-disabled sprint events. - Became first amputee to win a non-disabled world track medal at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics. - Became first double-leg amputee to participate in the Olympics at the 2012 Summer Olympics. - Currently in prison in South Africa for murdering his girlfriend.

Who does Special Olympics serve?

- Children and Adults with intellectual disabilities. - Worlds largest sports organization for people with disabilities. - Provides year round training/competitions to 5.7 million athletes and unified sports partners in 172 countries.

Schwann Cell (Neurilemmal Cell)

- Coated in myelin so by wrapping itself around the axon it creates a myelin barrier using its own body as the protection (located in PNS). - Responsible to a great degree in repairing damaged nerves and in the generation of nerves. - If damaged, leads to secondary demyelination.

Medical Model

- Focuses on the medical aspects of a disability and seeks to cure a person of their disability so that they can return as closely as possible to a able bodied state via prosthetics, surgeries, and medications. - Criticized by many people who are disabled and disability studies researchers and advocates because of its narrow view of the full lives that people lead despite and because of their disability. - Many people who are disabled feel that their disability is not something to be cured but an integral part of their identity.

Marilyn Hamilton

- Had hang gliding accident - Motion Design, Sunrise Medical, and Quickie were companies she worked for/created that made high performance wheelchairs. They also made children's chairs and power chairs. - Turned to hang gliding designers to design her personal wheelchair. - Made customers feel comfortable in their chair/ensured it suit them best.

Identify reasons why Bong was successful academically and socially.

- He had a sense of humor and his teacher, family, and friends were supportive. - He learned and was successful because his teacher used his condition as a learning experience. - He learned from his teacher and the students learned from him.

In the Ramp of Hope, how/why did Shepherd react the way he did?

- He went down the stairs (instead of the ramp) in his wheelchair to prove a point that his condition did not mean he was limited. - Shepherd reacted this way because the Mayor kept mentioning things Shepherd couldn't do instead of the things Shepherd could do.

What are important advertising approaches for wheelchair manufacturers?

- Lightweight sturdy aluminum - "sports" chair features - Added people to the photos of chairs engaging in activities such as sports.

Most important aspects of Special Olympics

- Makes valuable contributions to the lives of athletes that extend well beyond sports. - Gives visibility to people with intellectual disabilities. - Significantly increases social activity among people with intellectual disabilities. - Significantly increases social activity between individuals with and without intellectual disabilities.

Aimee Mullins

- Model, DL amputee - Born without fibular bones/both legs amputated below the knee when she was an infant. - Learned to walk on prosthetics, then to run, which led to competing at the national and international levels as a champion sprinter. - Set world records at the 1996 Paralympics in Atlanta.

Mark Zupan

- Quadriplegic, Wheelchair Rugby - Captain of U.S. Team in 2004 Paralympics and of the winning team in 2008 Beijing Paralympic Games. - Paralyzed from drunk driving accident, became paraplegic because of it. - Has incomplete quadriplegia/is able to walk short distances with crutches.

Normalization

- Returning to an ordinary situation from an unordinary situation. - Going along with social norms.

What is the purpose of Special Olympics?

- Socialization and Athletics - Integrate disabled individuals into society

What is independent living?

- Something Ed Roberts believed in. - Psychological idea that you are in control of your own life. - Dictionary definition: a philosophy, a way of looking at society and disability, a worldwide movement of people with disabilities working for equal opportunities, self-determination, and self-respect. - Your body might be disabled but your mind is abled.

AE

Above Elbow

ADD

Attention Deficit Disorder

CP

Cerebral Palsy

CSD

Communication Science Disorder

Special Olympics is...

Important

LD

Learning Disability (most common in grades K-12)

NMRC

North Mississippi Regional Center

VI

Visual Impairment

ADHD

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Who is Shepherd in the Ramp of Hope?

Man in the wheelchair whom the Mayor is speaking about.

PT

Physical Therapist

Speech Pathology

Speaking disorder

AI

Auditory Impairment

What are the average, borderline, mild, moderate, severe, and profound IQ Levels? What do they entail?

Average: 90-110 Borderline: 69-89 limited OTJ decision making skills Mild: 52-68 some unsupervised work skills Moderate: 51-36 sheltered workshop Severe: 35-20 self help skills Profound: less than 20 custodial care

BD/ED

Behavior Disorder/Emotionally Disturbed

Miami Project

Believes paralysis can and will be cured after a spinal cord injury.

BE

Below Elbow

BK

Below Knee

Luka Kristoe

Bosnian soldier, double BE (below elbow) amputee.

What behaviors/characteristics are indicative of a behavior disorder or emotional disturbance?

Individuals who are unable to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with friends, family, and teachers.

First day of pre-registration

March 19th

MR

Mental Retardation

MS

Multiple Sclerosis

MD

Muscular Dystrophy

OT

Occupational Therapist

Americans With Disabilities Act

Passed by Congress in 1990, nations first comprehensive civil rights law addressing the needs of people with disabilities, prohibiting discrimination in employment, public services, public accommodations, and telecommunications.