ESL Praxis
In the first half of the twentieth century, many school districts in the United States sought to Americanize ELLs and made no special accommodations for their linguistic and cultural differences. This practice reflects a policy of A.assimilation B.acculturation C.accommodation D.encapsulation
A. Assimiliation
An intermediate-level ESL class has just finished reading an article online. The teacher assigns an essay in which the students are asked to take a stand on the issue presented in the article and provide data to support their opinion. Which rhetorical mode should students use in their essays?A.Description B.Exposition C.Argumentation D.Narration
C.Argumentation
The passage contains an example of which of the following language features? A. Code-switching B. Hypercorrection C. Language loss D. Extralinguistic context
A. code-switching
Banana plants look like trees because they are so tall, but they aren't trees because they don't have woody trunks or branches.The speech sample demonstrates the student's difficulty with A. consonant clusters B. front vowels C. nasal consonants D. voiced stops
A. consonant clusters
In daily lessons, Ms. Peterson, an ESL teacher, uses vocabulary words and sentence structures that her students have seen before. Additionally, she incorporates words and structures that they have not yet studied. Ms. Peterson is using the concept of A.comprehensible input B.natural order C.positive transfer D.self-monitoring
A. comprehensible input
Which of the following words contains a digraph? A.Cushion B.Hardly C.Taxi D.Represent
A. Cushion
Ms. Lee uses a fill-in-the-blank grammar test to assess her ELLs' knowledge of verb tenses. Which of the following terms best describes this type of testing? A.Objective B.Portfolio C.Subjective D.Holistic
A. Objective since there can only be one answer
A high school student exited in June from a school's ESL program. Now, in the beginning of the following school year, she has been placed into a mainstream English class. Her teacher wants the ESL teacher's advice on how to help the student read the many challenging novels that the class will be assigned in the coming year. Which of the following would be the best response by the ESL teacher?A.Suggest that the teacher "chunk" each novel into manageable sections that have a logical beginning and ending so that the student can concentrate on one section at a time B.Advise the teacher to consider selecting similar texts of the same genre for the student to read while her classmates read the regularly assigned texts C.Suggest that the teacher find adapted versions of the original novels so that the student will be able to understand the main ideas of the story and participate with her classmates on projects and activities D.Advise the teacher to set time aside before or after school to help the student read through the novel and to check comprehension
A. Suggest that the teacher "chunk" each novel into manageable sections that have a logical beginning and ending so that the student can concentrate on one section at a time
Which activity is characteristic of a Total Physical Response approach to language instruction? A.An ESL teacher is teaching her students how to make applesauce. She first teaches basic cooking vocabulary and techniques by saying the words "peel," "cut," "mix," "add," and "pour" as she demonstrates the actions. She then says, "OK, peel the apples," and students follow her step-by-step directions. B.An ESL teacher is helping her students practice listening skills. She gives students the partial lyrics to popular songs, to which the students must listen and then fill in the blank spaces in the lyrics. C.An ESL teacher is teaching her students how to write paragraphs. She takes a basic paragraph and cuts the sentences into strips. She asks the students to arrange the sentences in a logical order. D.An ESL teacher is teaching her students classroom vocabulary. She makes a work sheet with pictures of important objects that students will encounter in her class. She has students make flash cards with the name of each object and then practice saying and spelling the words with a partner.
A.An ESL teacher is teaching her students how to make applesauce. She first teaches basic cooking vocabulary and techniques by saying the words "peel," "cut," "mix," "add," and "pour" as she demonstrates the actions. She then says, "OK, peel the apples," and students follow her step-by-step directions.
Ms. Peterson, a high school ESL teacher, sent several notes to Clara's home to schedule a parent-teacher conference. Clara later explained that her parents were not comfortable coming in to see the teacher since they do not have much formal education and only speak Spanish. Which of the following is the most appropriate action for Ms. Peterson to take? A.Arranging for an interpreter to join Clara's parents at the conference B.Instructing Clara to interpret for her parents at the parent-teacher conference C.Requesting that a Spanish-speaking guidance counselor make an in-person visit to the home D.Asking the principal to amend the policy for student-teacher conferences
A.Arranging for an interpreter to join Clara's parents at the conference
To whom is the concept of transformational grammar credited? A.Chomsky B.Finocchiaro C.Cummins D.Krashen
A.Chomsky
An elementary school ESL teacher is working on writing with her first graders. Which of the following should be the focus of the teacher's writing lessons? A.Giving students time to write daily with minimal direct error correction B.Having students write original sentences with their spelling words C.Asking students to write commonly misspelled words multiple times D.Requiring students to revise the spelling of previously written work
A.Giving students time to write daily with minimal direct error correction
Which of the following activities most effectively uses technology to provide writing practice in English in an intermediate ESL classroom?A.Having students correspond by e-mail with a pen pal whose native language is English B.Having students use a computer to copy English sentences from a textbook C.Having students use a software program that displays direct translations from the ELLs'E L Ls' native language D.Having students write basic directions in English for using a computer program
A.Having students correspond by e-mail with a pen pal whose native language is English
According to Cummins, which of the following would most likely be considered a "context reduced" language task?A.Listening to a biology lecture B.Discussing a project with a classmate C.Using a graphic organizer to classify information D.Reading a textbook that contains illustrations and bolded key vocabulary
A.Listening to a biology lecture
Of the following, which do curriculum specialists consider to be the primary advantage of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) programs? A.Motivation to learn English increases when the language skills to be learned are embedded in content of particular interest to ELLs. B.ESP textbooks are more cognitively oriented than other textbooks. C.ESL teachers find it easier to plan ESP lessons than to plan lessons based on other approaches. D.ELLs gain personal independence more quickly when there is emphasis on vocational rather than on language skills.
A.Motivation to learn English increases when the language skills to be learned are embedded in content of particular interest to ELLs.
Which assignment would rely most on the student's recognition of a topic sentence and supporting ideas?A.Rearrange the following sentences to create a logically sequenced composition. B.Write a paragraph in which you explain how to make an omelet. Include the following words: eggs, milk, mix, beat, frying pan, first, then, finally. C.Study this photograph of a sports car. Together with a classmate, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of owning such a car. Then write a list of the points you would include in an advertisement to encourage people to buy the car. D.Combine the following pairs of sentences using "and," "so," or "because."
A.Rearrange the following sentences to create a logically sequenced composition.
Which activity provides practice in changing registers? A.Role-play these two scenarios: 1. Talk to a friend about the unfairness of your school's new dress code. 2. Talk to the principal about the unfairness of your school's new dress code. B.Explain how changing the stress in the sentence "What are you doing?" to "What are you doing?" also changes the meaning. C.Study the four sentences on the board. What rule can you give to explain the different forms of the verb "have" in these sentences? D.Put yourself in a situation where you can observe people from a distance without being noticed; for example, at a shopping mall or grocery store. Write a short description of your experience and guess what the relationship between the people might be. Be sure to include the reasons for your guess.
A.Role-play these two scenarios: 1. Talk to a friend about the unfairness of your school's new dress code. 2. Talk to the principal about the unfairness of your school's new dress code.
When an ELL is brought before the child study team to be tested for learning disabilities, which of the following is correct according to IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act)? A.Schools must provide both English-language support and special education support if the student qualifies. B.Schools must provide English-language support for one year before testing the ELL for learning disabilities. C.Schools may choose to offer the ELL either English-language support or special education support but not both. D.Schools may choose to test an ELL for learning disabilities either in English or the student's native language.
A.Schools must provide both English-language support and special education support if the student qualifies.
Which two sentences contain an idiomatic phrase? Will you please put the campfire out now? Will you please put my friend up for the night? Will you please put the package on the table? Will you please put your coat in the closet? A.Sentences 1 and 2 B.Sentences 1 and 4 C.Sentences 2 and 3 D.Sentences 3 and 4
A.Sentences 1 and 2
Zain is a ninth-grade ELL who just moved to the United States from Pakistan. He had attended an English school for six years in his hometown and was confident in his ability to speak and understand English. Upon enrollment, Zain was given a placement test and was identified as an ELL at an intermediate proficiency level. Even though his conversational English is good, he struggles in his history class. Zain asks his ESL teacher for help.Which of the following is the most appropriate first step for the ESL teacher to take? A.Speaking with the history teacher about how to integrate effective practices into instruction for Zain to meet his needs B.Requesting that the school provide additional help for Zain by hiring a bilingual aide C.Telling Zain to ask his history teacher to assign a peer in the same class who could help him with his work D.Helping Zain with his history assignments during ESL class period
A.Speaking with the history teacher about how to integrate effective practices into instruction for Zain to meet his needs
Ms. Arnold's ESOL class contains many ELLs who arrived in the United States within the past year. She is currently working with them on the formation and use of the present tense and basic adjectives. To assess the students' progress, Ms. Arnold distributes a picture prompt of a Fourth of July celebration and asks students to write three sentences about it using the present tense and descriptive language. After collecting the assessment, Ms. Arnold notices that many of the ELLs were unable to complete it, even though they had successfully participated in lessons leading up to the assessment. Which of the following most likely explains why the ELLs were unable to complete the assessment? A.The assessment contains a cultural bias. B.The assessment does not allow the ELLs to demonstrate knowledge in the L1. C.The assessment only accommodates a visual learning style. D.The assessment requires the ELLs to concentrate on two tasks.
A.The assessment contains a cultural bias.
Which of the following approaches is based on the assumption that language consists of meaningful chunks that, when combined, produce fluent coherent speech, and that only a minority of spoken sentences are entirely novel creations? A.The lexical approach B.The whole language approach C.The universal grammar approach D.The language experience approach
A.The lexical approach
Consider the use of verb tense in the following excerpt of oral discourse. So I was walking home. I heard a noise in the woods next to the path. Suddenly, I see this huge deer and lots of little fawns! I get real close, but they notice me. They ran away before I could count them all. In sentences 3-4, the speaker does which of the following?A.Uses the historical present to convey immediacy and urgency. B.Uses the backgrounding present to express general information. C.Changes tense to mark the contrast between the main story and an aside. D.Changes tense to distinguish the narrative story line from reported speech.
A.Uses the historical present to convey immediacy and urgency.
An ESL teacher who is teaching students to understand and use certain rhetorical patterns in their writing is most likely to prepare a writing assignment that asks students to A.compare life in the twenty-first century with life in the nineteenth century B.change the time frame of a written passage from past tense to present tense C.write down all of the free associations that a particular term or concept triggers D.practice skills such as skimming, paraphrasing, and summarizing using familiar reading passages
A.compare life in the twenty-first century with life in the nineteenth century
Ms. Chianese is an ESL teacher with a group of highly motivated ELLs at the low‑intermediate level of proficiency. During reading class, her students are so interested in understanding texts and building their vocabulary that they frequently consult bilingual dictionaries to find the meaning of unknown words.Since Ms. Chianese's students are motivated to read, in subsequent lessons she should A.concentrate on activities that increase reading fluency B.focus on word lists of high-frequency vocabulary words C.focus on grammatical structures embedded in the test D.shift her lessons to concentrate on writing
A.concentrate on activities that increase reading fluency
In a high school ESL class, a beginning-level ELL E L L relates a personal narrative to the teacher. The teacher writes the student's exact words down, and there is no error correction in this process. Formal correction can be completed at later stages.This method of integrating listening, speaking, reading, and writing is called the A.language experience approach B.functional-notional approach C.audio-lingual method D.direct method
A.language experience approach
It is beneficial for ESL teachers to include lessons about cultural norms and customs of various countries into an ESOL classroom because A.the relationship between language and culture is deeply rooted B.ELLs will have their affective filters lowered C.linguistic proficiency follows cultural proficiency D.ELLs will be able to assimilate more easily
A.the relationship between language and culture is deeply rooted
When she first began teaching, Ms. Miller focused on listening and speaking skills with her ELLs. E L Ls However, state‑mandated ESL assessments that evaluate reading and writing as well as listening and speaking have motivated her to place emphasis on all four language skills.This effect of the state-mandated assessments on teaching is called A.washback B.benchmarking C.reliability D.norming
A.washback
Which of the following is a clause? A. After several meetings about the situation B. Although she cannot be there on Monday C. In addition to his academic record D. The next speaker on the agenda
B. Although she cannot be there on Monday
A teacher making testing accommodations for the ELLs in her class must take care that A.directions for every test section are read aloud to the ELLs B.ELLs are assessed on the same construct as their non-ELL counterparts C.extra time is provided for ELLs who have been exposed to the L2 for a limited period D.assessments are modified to include an appropriate number of high-frequency words
B. ELLs are assessed on the same construct as their non-ELL counterparts
Cara arrived in the United States at the age of 15 with no knowledge of English. She only speaks Spanish at home and lives in a predominantly Spanish-speaking community. Today, at 18 years old, Cara still struggles to make progress with her English. Despite spending the past three years in an ESL class in high school, she still makes the same small grammar mistakes, though they do not affect her ability to communicate. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for Cara's situation?A.Negative feedback B.Fossilization C.Culture shock D.Instrumental motivation
B. Fossilization
Ms. Chianese is an ESL teacher with a group of highly motivated ELLs at the low‑intermediate level of proficiency. During reading class, her students are so interested in understanding texts and building their vocabulary that they frequently consult bilingual dictionaries to find the meaning of unknown words.Which of the following teaching practices would be the best approach for Ms. Chianese to take to increase the students' reading skills and vocabulary?A.Having students predict what vocabulary words they will encounter in the text B. Providing students with opportunities to use context to determine meanings of unknown words C. Selecting the words students most want to learn and using dictionaries to determine meanings D.Asking students to scan the text for unknown words before reading
B. Providing students with opportunities to use context to determine meanings of unknown words
The student's explanation of manubrio is an example of A. instrumental motivation B. a communication strategy C. an idiomatic expression D. a dialectal difference
B. a communication strategy
Makoto, a high school ELL, was in the school hallway speaking to his peers using an informal register with a good deal of slang. When Ms. Richards, his math teacher, approached him while he was with his friends, Makoto immediately spoke to her in a highly formal register. This is an example of A.backchanneling B.convergence C.self-repair D.feedback
B. convergence
Although a student has met the criteria for exiting the ESL program, he prefers to stay in ESL classes because he would be the only student of his ethnic background in the mainstream class, a prospect that he is not comfortable with. How can the ESL teacher best help the student adjust to the situation?A.Insist that the student be immediately placed in the mainstream class, because passing criteria definitely indicate that he is ready to handle the new class. B.Allow the student a transitional time during which both teachers can confer and he can meet the new teacher, visit the class, and receive assignments to prepare him for the work. C.Ignore the ESL exit criteria and let the student remain in the ESL class indefinitely because it is better for the student to remain where he is happy and can excel. D.Refer the student to the school's child study team for evaluation since the student's hesitation may be indicative of emotional problems.
B.Allow the student a transitional time during which both teachers can confer and he can meet the new teacher, visit the class, and receive assignments to prepare him for the work.
Which activity practices aural skills through a cloze activity?A.An ESL teacher is teaching her students how to make applesauce. She first teaches basic cooking vocabulary and techniques by saying the words "peel," "cut," "mix," "add," and "pour" as she demonstrates the actions. She then says, "OK, peel the apples," and students follow her step-by-step directions. B.An ESL teacher is helping her students practice listening skills. She gives students the partial lyrics to popular songs, to which the students must listen and then fill in the blank spaces in the lyrics. C.An ESL teacher is teaching her students how to write paragraphs. She takes a basic paragraph and cuts the sentences into strips. She asks the students to arrange the sentences in a logical order. D.An ESL teacher is teaching her students classroom vocabulary. She makes a work sheet with pictures of important objects that students will encounter in her class. She has students make flash cards with the name of each object and then practice saying and spelling the words with a partner.
B.An ESL teacher is helping her students practice listening skills. She gives students the partial lyrics to popular songs, to which the students must listen and then fill in the blank spaces in the lyrics.
Agnieszka is a strong reader in Polish, her native language. At school in Poland, her ability to write was well beyond her grade level, but when she arrived in the United States, her writing was error-filled and confusing. Having lived in Poland for two years, the ESL teacher instantly realized that Agnieszka was applying her knowledge of Polish phonology and syntax in her English writing. Which of the following best explains the source of Agnieszka's writing problem?A.Lack of pragmaticcompetence in L2 B.Interference from L1 C.Limited lexical awareness D.Delayed cultural assimilation
B.Interference from L1
Kenji is a newly arrived ELL E L L in middle school in the United States. Before coming to his new school, Kenji had studied in an English-language school for two years in Japan. During his first week in his new school, he was placed into a beginning-level ESL class. Upon being informed of their son's placement, Kenji's parents contacted the school to question the decision.What would be the most appropriate step for the ESL teacher to take? A.Sending Kenji's parents a copy of the results of the placement test B.Inviting Kenji's parents to school to discuss the benefits of the ESL program C.Asking Kenji if he wants to receive ESL services D.Permitting the counselor or principal to decide whether or not to provide Kenji with ESL services
B.Inviting Kenji's parents to school to discuss the benefits of the ESL program
Which of the following sentences is an example of the passive voice? A.Mario needed to pay $25 to enter the contest. B.Mario was given $25 after he won the contest. C.They gave Mario $25 after he won the contest. D.Before Mario entered the contest, he had paid $25.
B.Mario was given $25 after he won the contest.
Which of the following is an example of a compound noun?A.Nameless B.Scarecrow C.Impeached D.Phonograph
B.Scarecrow
A mainstream language-arts teacher asks the ESL teacher for advice about a new student named Sung‑hi. Sung‑hi has excellent spelling and is able to recite many long English poems. She is struggling in areas such as reading comprehension and answering questions in class. Which of the following of the ESL teacher's explanations would be most useful for the language-arts teacher? A.Sung-hi is probably still experiencing culture shock, and the full range of her English language proficiency has yet to be revealed. B.Sung-hi's previous schooling likely focused on rote skills such as memorization. She will need time to develop more complex skills. C.Sung-hi should be encouraged to answer questions in her native language, and someone in the class should be asked to translate for her. D.Sung-hi's culture does not favor academic advancement for girls. She may therefore have low expectations for her own achievement
B.Sung-hi's previous schooling likely focused on rote skills such as memorization. She will need time to develop more complex skills.
Our teacher is FRIENDLY person. She gives to us good homework. We study SLOWLY but ok. Which of the following statements is true about the two underlined words in the writing sample? A.They are formed from the same roots. B.They possess derivational suffixes. C.They perform the same syntactic functions. D.They have the same lexical meanings.
B.They possess derivational suffixes.
Which of the following is an example of integrative motivation for language learning? A.Trying to earn a sticker for speaking in English in class B.Wanting to make friends with English speakers C.Helping your parents by translating in English D.Wanting to communicate in English to get better grades
B.Wanting to make friends with English speakers
A middle school science teacher is giving the class directions to set up a laboratory experiment. While giving the directions, the teacher points to each piece of equipment to help the ELLs better understand the lesson. As the students begin to set up the experiment, the teacher notices that the ELLs seem confused and are not arranging the equipment properly. Which of the following would be most likely to increase the comprehension of the ELLs?A.While giving directions, the teacher will write key terms on the board so that the ELLs see the names of the equipment. B.While giving directions, the teacher will demonstrate physically how to use the equipment so that the ELLs can see and hear what to do. C.The teacher will set up the ELLs' experiments before the class begins. D.The teacher will pair native English speakers with ELLs so that the English speakers can explain how to set up the experiment.
B.While giving directions, the teacher will demonstrate physically how to use the equipment so that the ELLs can see and hear what to do.
Which assignment is an example of process writing? A.Rearrange the following sentences to create a logically sequenced composition. B.Write a paragraph in which you explain how to make an omelet. Include the following words: eggs, milk, mix, beat, frying pan, first, then, finally. C.Study this photograph of a sports car. Together with a classmate, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of owning such a car. Then write a list of the points you would include in an advertisement to encourage people to buy the car. D.Combine the following pairs of sentences using "and," "so," or "because."
B.Write a paragraph in which you explain how to make an omelet. Include the following words: eggs, milk, mix, beat, frying pan, first, then, finally.
An ELL says, "I goed to school at eight o'clock this morning." The student's use of "goed" is an example of A.negative washback B.overgeneralization C.self-correction D.recasting
B.overgeneralization
Ms. Pamina is an ESL teacher at an elementary school. She is demonstrating the social interactionist perspective when she A.models techniques such as think-alouds and encourages students to analyze their cognitive processes in problem solving B.provides opportunities for students to negotiate meaning through active communication C.creates activities that require students to respond using physical reactions and body language to communicate D.implements computer programs for students to engage in grammar and reading comprehension activities
B.provides opportunities for students to negotiate meaning through active communication
Mr. Johnson is an ESL middle school teacher who views language as a complex collection of grammatical rules that are to be learned in a set order. For example, in his beginner ESL class, he asks the students to practice and use "to be" in the present tense before introducing the present continuous tense of "to be" with the auxiliary verb. Mr. Johnson is most likely following the A.functional-notional syllabus B.structural approach C.direct method D.natural approach
B.structural approach
ESL pullout programs are most often found in school districts where A.there are equal numbers of ELL and native English speakers, and multiple ESL teachers are placed in a single school B.there are small numbers of ELLs in each school, and ESL teachers frequently travel from school to school C.ESL teachers are bilingual, and the language of instruction for beginning students is the students' native language D.ELLs follow the regular curriculum, and the language level of instruction is adapted to the proficiency level of the students
B.there are small numbers of ELLs in each school, and ESL teachers frequently travel from school to school
A middle school beginning ESL classroom is receiving a number of ELLs, some of whom have interrupted formal education in their L1. Which of the following would be MOST useful to the students in their first lessons? A.Asking students to read aloud B.Assigning additional homework C.Introducing commonly used vocabulary D.Focusing on English grammar rules
C. Introducing commonly used vocabulary
No, it's like flour and meats(vegetables),it's like the same thing Mongolia.Which of the following consonant sounds does the speaker substitute for the [v]open bracket v closed bracket sound in the underlined word? A. [b]open bracket b closed bracket B. [f]open bracket f closed bracket C. [w]open bracket w closed bracket D. [p]open bracket p closed bracket
C. [w]open bracket w closed bracket
Usually in Mexico the people used to think that, you know, the schools, like you saw in the movies, so I come here and I'm like, OK, it's a little different.In this speech sample, the speaker switches between the A. past perfect and present perfect tenses B. present continuous and simple present tenses C. simple past and simple present tenses D. present perfect and present perfect continuous tenses
C. simple past and simple present tenses
Which activity provides practice sequencing information? A.An ESL teacher is teaching her students how to make applesauce. She first teaches basic cooking vocabulary and techniques by saying the words "peel," "cut," "mix," "add," and "pour" as she demonstrates the actions. She then says, "OK, peel the apples," and students follow her step-by-step directions. B.An ESL teacher is helping her students practice listening skills. She gives students the partial lyrics to popular songs, to which the students must listen and then fill in the blank spaces in the lyrics. C.An ESL teacher is teaching her students how to write paragraphs. She takes a basic paragraph and cuts the sentences into strips. She asks the students to arrange the sentences in a logical order. D.An ESL teacher is teaching her students classroom vocabulary. She makes a work sheet with pictures of important objects that students will encounter in her class. She has students make flash cards with the name of each object and then practice saying and spelling the words with a partner.
C.An ESL teacher is teaching her students how to write paragraphs. She takes a basic paragraph and cuts the sentences into strips. She asks the students to arrange the sentences in a logical order.
Students in a high school are preparing to take a state-mandated assessment. The ESOL teacher knows that many of the ELLs' parents are new to the country and are not familiar with the assessment. Which of the following is the most appropriate first step for the teacher to take to best communicate with the parents? A.Having ELLs complete a series of practice questions that they can take home to show their parents B.Asking school staff to make personal phone calls to an assigned list of parents to explain what the assessment is and how it will be scored C.Arranging an informational session about the assessment that parents can attend and ensuring that interpreters are present D.Sending a copy of a sample score report home to parents and letting them know that they can e-mail the teacher with any questions
C.Arranging an informational session about the assessment that parents can attend and ensuring that interpreters are present
Students in a content-based ESL class are asked to write a persuasive essay.In which of the following stages of the writing process would the use of graphic organizers be most appropriate? A.Writing the draft B.Revising and editing C.Brainstorming and prewriting D.Writing the final draft
C.Brainstorming and prewriting
From whose theory did the concept of cognitive academic language proficiency develop? A.Chomsky B.Finocchiaro C.Cummins D.Krashen
C.Cummins
After a silent period of about three months, a beginning second-grade ESL student is starting to use his language skills to communicate in English. The student stutters, and although the teacher is able to understand him, his classmates have difficulty understanding him. However, at recess, he seems to play and talk easily with his friends in his L1. Which of the following would be the best action for the teacher to take? A.Refer the student to a speech therapist at the school and suggest speech lessons in English B.Avoid calling on the student in class so that he will not be embarrassed by his stuttering, to allow him more time to become comfortable with speaking English C.Find out from the student's parents whether the student stutters in his native language, so that the speech therapist can help him if so D.Call on the student more so that he will have more opportunities to overcome his stuttering and become more comfortable speaking in front of others
C.Find out from the student's parents whether the student stutters in his native language, so that the speech therapist can help him if so
The underlined segment of which of the following words is a morpheme that has the same meaning as the underlined segment of the word "illogical"?illogical with the first two letters I and L underlined A.Preview with the first three letters P R E underlined B.Reflective with the first two letters R E underlined C.Irreverent with the first two letters I R underlined D.Interact
C.Irreverent with the first two letters I R underlined
Which of the following statements best reflects the sociocultural perspective on language acquisition?A.Language learners acquire the target language more quickly through a large amount of exposure. B.Language learners acquire linguistic features in a predictable and systematized sequence. C.Language learning takes place when learners interact with more knowledgeable people within their zone of proximal development. D.Language learning is more successful if a teacher chooses inductive, rather than deductive, methods of instruction.
C.Language learning takes place when learners interact with more knowledgeable people within their zone of proximal development.
Which of the following is the most important reason that a teacher should consider addressing different learning styles during instruction? A.It provides variety in classroom activities. B.It makes it easier to make up lesson plans. C.Not all students learn in the same way. D.Not all students are interested in the same things.
C.Not all students learn in the same way.
Students in an ESL class must each make a presentation to the class on a topic they have researched. The teacher assesses these presentations using a rubric that includes both content and language. This is an example of which type of assessment? A.Technology based B.Strategy based C.Performance based D.Fact based
C.Performance based
Which activity requires students to identify metalinguistic differences? A.Role-play these two scenarios: 1. Talk to a friend about the unfairness of your school's new dress code. 2. Talk to the principal about the unfairness of your school's new dress code. B.Explain how changing the stress in the sentence "What are you doing?" to "What are you doing?" also changes the meaning. C.Study the four sentences on the board. What rule can you give to explain the different forms of the verb "have" in these sentences? D.Put yourself in a situation where you can observe people from a distance without being noticed; for example, at a shopping mall or grocery store. Write a short description of your experience and guess what the relationship between the people might be. Be sure to include the reasons for your guess.
C.Study the four sentences on the board. What rule can you give to explain the different forms of the verb "have" in these sentences?
Which assignment integrates at least three of the following: reading, writing, listening, and speaking? A.Rearrange the following sentences to create a logically sequenced composition. B.Write a paragraph in which you explain how to make an omelet. Include the following words: eggs, milk, mix, beat, frying pan, first, then, finally. C.Study this photograph of a sports car. Together with a classmate, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of owning such a car. Then write a list of the points you would include in an advertisement to encourage people to buy the car. D.Combine the following pairs of sentences using "and," "so," or "because."
C.Study this photograph of a sports car. Together with a classmate, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of owning such a car. Then write a list of the points you would include in an advertisement to encourage people to buy the car.
Ms. Solonick is a third-grade teacher with a small group of intermediate-proficiency level ELLs in her class. It is now the middle of the year, and Ms. Solonick is concerned that during classroom discussions the ELLs rarely participate. When she asks questions in class, the ELLs rarely respond, even when she is sure that they know the answer. What is the most likely reason for the ELLs' unwillingness to participate or respond to Ms. Solonick's questions? A.The ELLs are undergoing a period of acculturation. B.The ELLs are experiencing an extended silent period. C.The ELLs come from a teacher-centered school system. D.The ELLs are not interested in the topic of instruction.
C.The ELLs come from a teacher-centered school system.
An ESL teacher asks students to form small groups and talk about their home languages and cultures. The teacher is actively involved, moving from group to group to listen to the students. This activity will most likely result in which of the following? A.The students will achieve a better understanding of the L2 culture. B.The students will experience cultural assimilation. C.The students will gain a sense of cultural pride and self-esteem. D.The students will overcome their feelings of shyness.
C.The students will gain a sense of cultural pride and self-esteem.
Although it is true that students have individual differences, generalizations can still be made about the influence of cultural background on students' learning styles. Which of the following characteristics is most likely associated with a student's being from a culture that is considered individualistic? A.Preferring cooperative tasks in the classroom B.Focusing on making friends C.Valuing personal achievement D.Demonstrating passive behavior in class
C.Valuing personal achievement
One feature of a two-way immersion program is that it promotesA.subtractive bilingualismB.sheltered content instructionC.additive bilingualismD.immersion in English
C.additive bilingualism
A student who pronounces the word "sport" as [ɛ sport] open bracket eh sport closed bracket is attempting to simplify a consonant cluster through A.coarticulation B.metathesis C.epenthesis D.deletion
C.epenthesis
A psycholinguistic approach to language acquisition would suggest that the rate of acquisition depends largely on A.the learner's social distance from the target language group B.the number of contact hours the learner spends engaged in formal language learning C.the extent and quality of linguistic input during the critical period D.the degree of structural similarity between the learner's L1 and the target language
C.the extent and quality of linguistic input during the critical period
Our teacher is friendly person. She gives to us good homework. We study slowly but ok. Which of the following formulas best describes the word "friendly"? A. ADJ + ly → ADVAdjective plus l y becomes an adverb B. V + ly → ADVVerb plus l y becomes an adverb C. ADV + ly → ADJAdverb plus l y becomes an adjective D. N + ly → ADJ
D. N + ly → ADJ
A sociolinguist would be most interested in studying A.the formal rules of language that characterize syntax and grammar B.the cognitive processes that a speaker performs during communication C.language changes and the relation of languages to each other in a historical context D.pragmatic rules for languages, including norms for register and nonverbal communication
D.pragmatic rules for languages, including norms for register and nonverbal communication
Studying is important! She has been studying for the test. Will she be studying next week?She could have studied last week. Which two of the sentences contain modal auxiliaries? A.Sentences 1 and 2 B.Sentences 1 and 4 C.Sentences 2 and 4 D.Sentences 3 and 4
D. Sentences 3 and 4 modal auxiliaries: will and could
We have like a custom that you must watch at the guy you are talking, like, to the face and the eyes and that way you can really see and understand what they saying. The student makes at least one error in the use of A. adverbs B. modal verbs C. conjunctions D. prepositions
D. prepositions
"Do you know the geographic location of the North and South Poles?"Which of the following best represents the primary stress pattern a native speaker of standard American English would use in pronouncing the word "geographic"?A.A series of 4 dots. The first dot is large and the following 3 dots are small.B.A series of 4 dots. The first dot is small, the second dot is large, and the following 2 dots are small.C.A series of 4 dots. The first 3 dots are small and the last dot is large.D.A series of 4 dots. The first 2 dots are small, the third dot is large, and the last dot is small.
D.A series of 4 dots. The first 2 dots are small, the third dot is large, and the last dot is small.Option (D) is correct. In standard American English, "geographic" is pronounced with the primary stress on the penultimate syllable.
Which activity incorporates all four aspects of listening, speaking, reading, and writing? A.An ESL teacher is teaching her students how to make applesauce. She first teaches basic cooking vocabulary and techniques by saying the words "peel," "cut," "mix," "add," and "pour" as she demonstrates the actions. She then says, "OK, peel the apples," and students follow her step-by-step directions. B.An ESL teacher is helping her students practice listening skills. She gives students the partial lyrics to popular songs, to which the students must listen and then fill in the blank spaces in the lyrics. C.An ESL teacher is teaching her students how to write paragraphs. She takes a basic paragraph and cuts the sentences into strips. She asks the students to arrange the sentences in a logical order. D.An ESL teacher is teaching her students classroom vocabulary. She makes a work sheet with pictures of important objects that students will encounter in her class. She has students make flash cards with the name of each object and then practice saying and spelling the words with a partner.
D.An ESL teacher is teaching her students classroom vocabulary. She makes a work sheet with pictures of important objects that students will encounter in her class. She has students make flash cards with the name of each object and then practice saying and spelling the words with a partner.
Mr. Garcia, a high school ESL teacher, designed a test for the purpose of assessing the general English-language proficiency of the ELLs in the school. However, some of the ELLs have complained that the test contains questions that require the use of math skills to answer correctly. It is therefore possible that Mr. Garcia's test lacks A.reliability B.ratability C.subjectivity D.validity
D.validity
Which assignment presents discrete practice in forming compound and complex sentences? A.Rearrange the following sentences to create a logically sequenced composition. B.Write a paragraph in which you explain how to make an omelet. Include the following words: eggs, milk, mix, beat, frying pan, first, then, finally. C.Study this photograph of a sports car. Together with a classmate, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of owning such a car. Then write a list of the points you would include in an advertisement to encourage people to buy the car. D.Combine the following pairs of sentences using "and," "so," or "because."
D.Combine the following pairs of sentences using "and," "so," or "because."
In a student-centered class, which of the following activities would best motivate second-grade ESL students and help them engage in learning English? A.Having the students list learning objectives that will help them become more proficient in English B.Telling the students the ways in which knowing English is helpful for their future C.Talking to students about why people immigrate to other countries D.Having the students talk about their families in English using puppets
D.Having the students talk about their families in English using puppets
With whom is the comprehensible input hypothesis associated?A.Chomsky B.Finocchiaro C.Cummins D.Krashen
D.Krashen
Which of the following best describes a two-way bilingual education program?A.Language-minority students study English independently from language-majority students. B.English is used as the medium of instruction throughout the day. C.The target language is used as the medium of instruction for half the language-minority students, while the other half studies content area subjects in their home languages. D.Language-minority and language-majority students are integrated in a class in which they receive instruction in both languages.
D.Language-minority and language-majority students are integrated in a class in which they receive instruction in both languages.
Which of the following words ends with a voiceless sound?A.Please B.Badge C.Cab D.Looks
D.Looks
A high school ESL teacher prepares a test to help categorize 100 new ELLs E L Ls in different classes according to their performance on the test. Which of the following types of assessments did the teacher create? A.Task-based assessment B.Benchmark assessment C.Achievement test D.Placement test
D.Placement test
A sixth-grade science teacher is planning on assessing students' knowledge of a topic that they have studied for two weeks. The goal of the assessment is to evaluate how well the students can identify the parts of a flower. Which of the following is the most appropriate way for the teacher to adapt the assessment for the beginning-level ELLs in the class? A.Showing the ELLs a short film about the parts of a flower and asking them to summarize what they remember from the film B.Having the ELLs use a word wall to write a description of each flower part in their own words C.Asking the ELLs to draw a diagram of the flower and use the Internet to search for the flower parts so that they can label them D.Providing the ELLs with an image of a flower and having them point to specific flower parts that the teacher says aloud with the assistance of a word bank
D.Providing the ELLs with an image of a flower and having them point to specific flower parts that the teacher says aloud with the assistance of a word bank
Which activity focuses on proxemic features of communication? A.Role-play these two scenarios: 1. Talk to a friend about the unfairness of your school's new dress code. 2. Talk to the principal about the unfairness of your school's new dress code. B.Explain how changing the stress in the sentence "What are you doing?" to "What are you doing?" also changes the meaning. C.Study the four sentences on the board. What rule can you give to explain the different forms of the verb "have" in these sentences? D.Put yourself in a situation where you can observe people from a distance without being noticed; for example, at a shopping mall or grocery store. Write a short description of your experience and guess what the relationship between the people might be. Be sure to include the reasons for your guess.
D.Put yourself in a situation where you can observe people from a distance without being noticed; for example, at a shopping mall or grocery store. Write a short description of your experience and guess what the relationship between the people might be. Be sure to include the reasons for your guess.
I am go to the sleeping. I am go to the reading.I am go to the shopping. I am go to the walking.I am go to the park. It go a happy days. Which of the following stands out as a significant grammatical weakness in the ELL's writing sample? A.Use of pronouns B.Use of prepositions C.Verb agreement D.Verb tense
D.Verb tense
An ESL proficiency test is intended by definition primarily to provide A.a summary of learning after a specified unit of instruction B.information about ELLs' ability to correct their own mistakes C.evidence of performance on classroom tasks D.a measure of a learner's overall ability in English
D.a measure of a learner's overall ability in English
A teacher seeking to design activities to help develop students' intrinsic motivation should be most concerned with whether the A.students receive some sort of positive reinforcement, such as a reward or token, for completing the activities B.instructions for the activities are given in the students' native language C.activities establish a solid foundation for more complex lessons on the topic D.activities encourage the students to discover for themselves certain principles or rules
D.activities encourage the students to discover for themselves certain principles or rules
Claudia and Sumi are ELLs in the same school. Sumi wants to talk to Claudia and beckons her over by moving her fingers with the palm facing down. Claudia thinks Sumi is waving good-bye. Claudia waves back and walks away. This situation illustrates that A.nonverbal behavior is the first stage of language learning B.assimilation is dependent on nonverbal communication C.speech is required for effective communication D.gestures can have different meanings in different cultures
D.gestures can have different meanings in different cultures
In many countries English is one of the official languages and is used by nonnative speakers on a daily basis for conducting business and as the language of instruction in schools.This type of English is best described as A.jargon B.register C.standard dialects D.nonnative varieties
D.nonnative varieties
What is structural approach?
This method sees language as a complex of grammatical rules which are to be learned one at a time in a pre-determined order.
Comprehensible Input and what Philosopher
Krashen. Allows students to take in information in a low-anxiety environment
We have like a custom that you must watch at the guy you are talking, like, to the face and the eyes and that way you can really see and understand what they saying. The student is inconsistent in his use of A. indefinite articles B. plurals C. auxiliary verbs D. tense
auxiliary verbs
What is the lexical approach?
The lexical approach is a teaching method that views the importance of understanding and producing lexical phrases when learning a new language.
When does Fossilization occur?
When there is an inadequate # of learning opportunities for the learner even in instances when the ELL is immersed in an ESL environment and lives in a linguistically insular community.
An ESL student who learns best through experiments and manipulatives is most likely a(n) A.visual/spatial learner B.verbal/linguistic learner C.bodily/kinesthetic learner D.interpersonal/social learner
c. bodily/kinesthetic learner
According to Krashen language acquisition requires?
meaningful interaction in the target language
What is additive bilingualism?
occurs when an ELL suffers no loss of the primary language and the associated culture
Assimilation definition
reflects the belief that one must give up one's original culture in order to fit into the mainstream culture
Convergence definition
strategies individuals use to adapt to or accommodate the other's communication styles
What does a sociolinguist study?
the social and cultural factors that influence linguistic communication
