Esl study

1974 - Lau v. Nichols

"school systems must assure that students of a particular race, color, or national origin are not denied the same 4 opportunities to obtain an education generally obtained by other students in the same school system"

As an introduction to a social studies unit, an ESL teacher wants to use a short chapter book on Great Depression. Which of the following is the most effective prereading strategy for helping students understand the organization of the chapter book?

. Guiding students through a chapter work to identify and discuss illustrations and chapter headings

A teacher reads a passage from a fictional story that centers on an important sequence of events. Which of the following instructional strategies would best promote an ELL's comprehension of the passage?

. Identifying transition words throughout the passage

How many phonemes do the words "raise" and "ways" have in common?

2

retend that your partner is going to visit you at your house. Tell your partner how to get to your house from the school. After both you and your partner do this, write down at least five sentences telling your partner what to do to get to your house.

A. The complex sentence

Which of the following should an ESL teacher establish at the beginning of the year to best ensure a respectful classroom environment?

Classroom expectations and rules

lexicon

Collection of words--the internalized dictionary that every speaker of the language has ESL teacher talk - ELPS, TELPAS, LEP, ESL, ELL

Mr. Gurolla is going to read a fictional book with a Thanksgiving theme to his sixth-grade ESL class that is composed of varying levels of ESL students. Many of the students have no previous experience with Thanksgiving. Which of the following activities will be most beneficial in activating the students' prior knowledge to facilitate their comprehension of the book?

Creating a graphic organizer on the board and inserting students' input on the Thanksgiving tradition

Which of the following most aptly describes the theory behind additive bilingualism

TheL1isavaluablesupportforlearningtheL2andisnotsomethingthatinterfereswith the L2

1982 - Plyler v. Doe

Under revisions, Texas education laws in 1975 allowed the state to withhold funds from local school districts for educating children of undocumented immigrants. The U.S. Supreme Court reasoned that undocumented immigrants and their children are afforded Fourteenth Amendment protections

Which of the following should be the most important consideration in selecting instructional materials for a content-based unit for ESL students?

Whether the materials adequately cover the topic and are comprehensible to students

morpheme/ morphology

a meaningful unit of a language that cannot be further divided forth, come, and ing, in forthcoming

Although the superiority of one particular ESL program over another remains a subject of _____ all effective ESL programs __________

addressing students' linguistic needs first followed by academic and affective needs

connotation

an idea or feeling that a word invokes servant vs. housekeeper sanitation worker vs. trashman

A middle school ESL teacher writes an experience story with her students on the chalkboard. Afterwards she asks the students to identify which verbs are in the present tense and which are in the past tense. She then invites students to add the verbs in both their present and past forms to a chart on the wall. This activity is best designed to reinforce which of the following aspects of English grammar?

ar? A. Past tense forms of commonly used verbs

syntax

arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language The client's home we worked on was very pleased and called me later to make sure I understood that she was thrilled

a staff development workshop, the campus ESL teacher shares insights on effective strategies to increase ELLs' participation in classroom activities. The primary benefit of the ESL teacher serving as a resource for mainstream teachers is that it will enable the ESL teacher to

be an advocate for ESL students

To be most effective feedback on the content of an ESL student's writing should

cite specific elements in the text and avoid generalities

polysemy

coexistence of many possible meanings for a word or phrase bright deposit

. An ESL teacher introduces hypothetical situations to the class and then has students write their own hypothetical statements. After grading students' assignments, the teacher realizes that the ELLs need further instruction on mastering both the concept and the different forms used to expresss hypothetical situations. The teacher should primarily focus instruction on

conditional forms

1981 - Castañeda v. Pickard

court decision established a three-part assessment for determining how programs for English learners would be held responsible for meeting the requirements of the Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974 (EEOA). The criteria are listed below: • The program for English learners must be "based on sound educational theory." • The program must be "implemented effectively with resources for personnel, instructional materials, and space." • After a trial period, the program must be proven effective in overcoming language barriers

A second grade ESL teacher wants to assess student's comprehension after they have finished reading a short story. To best incorporate a performance-based assessment that is appropriate for this level, the teacher should instruct the students to

create a puppet show that highlights the main actions of the story

An ESL teacher gets to know his students' community, communicates with parents, varies teaching techniques for multiple learning styles and displays his students' first languages in his classroom, in doing so the teacher is using

culturally responsive pedagogy

Ms. Burnett is a first-grade ESL teacher who uses her listening center to provide the students with previously recorded activities as a follow up to her language arts lesson. In one activity, the students first listen to directions instructing them to draw shapes triangles, squares and circles. The next activity instructs students to listen to an audio book about shapes. Through these activities, Ms. Burnett can primarily help their students

develop their receptive language skills

phoneme/ phonology

distinct units of sound in a specified language that distinguish one word from another m, b, t, p in the English words mop, bop, top, and pop

The best strategy for helping ELLs at the beginning level of English-language proficiency develop phonemic awareness is to use

explicit instruction of isolated sounds and letters

most effectively promote multiculturism, a school's curriculum should

incorporate content area reading texts that represent a variety of cultures

1. A teacher frequently conducts literature circle with the ELLs in the class and uses them as an informal assessment of oral English language proficiency. The following information is collected for one of the ELLs. Basic vocabulary Inadequate vocabulary for detailed description Simple sentence structures Very little use of past tense Based on the information the oral language proficiency level of the ELL can be best identified as

intermediate

Mr. Terhune, an ESL teacher, notices that many of the ELLs who recently moved to the United States lack knowledge about United States youth-culture and are reluctant to interact with their native English-speaking peers. To best help facilitate social interaction between the ELLs and native English speakers, Mr. Terhune should

plans several lessons for the ELLs that focus on the language and content of popular community events and activities

A teacher provides a group of ELLs with a set of word cards and ask the students to use the word cards to create sentences. By doing the activity, the teacher is primarily focusing on

syntax

graphophonics

system of the relationship between sounds and letters; patterns in a language tion - /shun/ ould - /o͝ od/

Testing an ESL classroom can have a positive or negative effect on teaching and learning. Which of the following describe a test with potentially harmful washback in the classroom?

t draws on a narrow sample of language

38. In addition to using direct instruction, Mr. Reid introduces his beginning ESL students to past tense forms of English verbs through multiple language activities and experiences that include discussing what students did yesterday, last summer etc. writing group stories and individual stories about favorite past experiences listening to and discussing stories that take place in the past and conducting simple experiments and describing the sequence of steps taken Mr. Reid's approach to grammar instruction demonstrates his awareness of the importance of

teaching language in meaningful contexts rather than an isolation

ESL teacher is developing an assessment to test whether students understand that the area of a rectangle is the product of the length and the width. Which of the following Math test questions is most appropriate for intermediate level ELLs?

the length of a sheet of paper is 11 inches and the width is 8 inches, what is the area of sheet of paper

denotation

the literal or primary meaning of a word cheap - low in price inexpensive - low in price economical - low in price

Teacher questions are more likely to elicit conversation and promote English language communication when

there is no one correct answer, and the teacher does not already know the answer or information (e.g. "What did you do on your trip?")

pragmatics

use of language in social contexts and the ways in which people produce and comprehend meanings teaching students to take turns talking in a conversation

An ESL teacher would use knowledge of English pragmatics to help students develop competency in

using English in different social contexts

homophone

word that is pronounced the same as another word but differs in meaning, and may differ in spelling to, too, two jean and gene karat, carat, caret, carrot

discourse

written or spoken communication students discussing or writing about a short story they just read

Which of the following words would be most suitable to use in a lesson about words that have a one to one letter sound correspondence in English?

Dog

Use the information below to answer the question that follows. The following dialogue occurs between an art teacher, Ms. Hill and Edmund, an ELL, while students are working on individual art projects. Edmund: (A box of markers in his hand) Can I use the markers? Ms. Hill: Go ahead, you have the green light! Edmund: (Noticeably confused) No, I don't have the light, I have the markers. (Carlos, a student who is sitting nearby and has overheard the conversation chuckles quietly, causing Edward to turn red) Ms. Hill: (Turning to Carlos) Carlos, please focus on your own art project. (Turning back to Edmund with a kind smile) Edmund, let me explain. When I said you have a green light, I meant that you have the permission to use markers, so you can go ahead and use them. Do you understand what that statement means now? (Edmund nods his head yes and begins using the markers.) To best increase the Edmund's understanding of the sentence, which of the following should Ms. Hill add to her explanation?

Drawing a traffic signal and asking Edmund what happens when the light turns green

Elisa is a recently arrived ELL. She is illiterate in her native language and needs orientation to her new country and new school. Which of the following special language programs will best meet Elisa's needs?

Dual language

Mr. Salazar, a fourth-grade ESL teacher, provides instruction utilizing his student's first language and their second language in a classroom containing approximately equal number of language minority and language majority students. Which type of instructional program does this describe?

Dual-language

Pull-out," "class period," and "resource center" ESL programs are example of which of the following categories of ESL program design?

ESL plus program

Sergio, a new ESL student, produces one- or two-word responses to questions, uses familiar phrases, and seems to comprehend at a limited level. Sergio is primarily in which of the following stages of second language acquisition?

Early production

Which of the following is the most appropriate strategy to help ESL students at the high school level who have difficulty understanding idiomatic expressions in speech?

Engaging students in dialogues modeling the use of idioms as they occur naturally in conversation

Mr. Simon, a high school social studies teacher, asked Ms. Lowe, the school's ESL teacher, for advice on how to address the needs of ESL students in his mainstream classes. Ms. Lowe observed Mr. Simon's classes and noticed that even though he often directs questions to the ESL students, he tends to answer most of the questions himself. She also noticed that most of the class period was spent with the entire class attending to one speaker at the front of the room. Which of the following could Ms. Lowe suggest to Mr. Simon about the best way to conduct his class?

Extendthewaittimeslightlybetweenquestionsandanswersbecauseitmightenable more correct student responses

Ms. Lopez teaches sixth-grade science to students with various language of English language proficiency. In order to setting content objectives, which of following should Ms. Lopez do to best assist students in understanding course content?

Group students for instruction

Ms. Boone, a sixth-grade ESL teacher, gives each of her students can index card with a paragraph on one side and a list of several key words related to the paragraph on the other side. After students read the paragraph, they are instructed to look at the key words. They are then asked to retell the paragraph to a partner, using only the key words to help them remember what they read. Which of the following skills are students primarily practicing during the activity?

Paraphrasing

To build background knowledge for a social studies unit on economics, a third-grade teacher asks students to draw product labels they are familiar with. Which of the following teacher strategies will best help ESL students successfully complete the activity?

Passing around grocery items for students to observe

A middle school ESL teacher want to promote social interaction by providing ELLs with authentic language experiences in which they can develop and actively use their English skill inside and outside of school. Which of the following activities would be most effective in accomplishing the teacher's goal?

Planning a field trip to a local restaurant where ELLs must ask questions about the menu and order a meal

third grade ESL teacher is completing a science unit about the solar system. The asks the students to glue two-dimensional models of the planets in the order of their position from the Sun, but Lee, an ELL, is gluing them in order of size. Which of the following teacher responses will best help the student understand the assignment?

Presenting a lesson to the student focused on building listening skills before he attempts to successfully reorder the position of the planets

Which of the following types of assessment will best measure an ELL's ongoing academic progress and assist in identifying how to reach learning goals?

Teacherobservations

Avi, an advanced ELL just starting high school in the United States, is not accustomed to using content area textbooks in school. Which of the following strategies is best for the ESL teacher to use to help for transition into using textbooks?

Teaching Avi the different parts of textbooks and how to use each part most effectively

Mr. Warner is presenting a science unit on the rock cycle to a class of fourth-grade ESL students at varying levels of English language proficiency, he wants to address both content and oral language fluency goals during the lessons. Which of the following activities will most effectively meet Mr. Warner's goals?

Teaching students song and poems about the rock cycle that they recite daily

A science teacher is beginning a chapter on water pollution. Students will break into preassigned groups of four that contain at least one ELL each for the initial lesson, the teacher has planned the following activities I. Each group member will play an assigned role of facilitator, research runner, recorder or summarizer II. Each group will be assigned a body of water III. Students will work together to answer a list of basic questions about pollution in their body of water by using the classroom library and the internet IV. Students will participate in a jigsaw activity to share their findings Which of the following best explains why the lesson is most beneficial in the ELLs in the class?

The ELLs can acquire content area knowledge and language through interactions during the group activities

n ESL observes that Carmen, an ELL, is becoming increasingly proficient in English when interacting with classmates, but continues to struggle when participating in class discussions. Which of the following statements best explains Carmen's second language learning development?

The acquisition of BICS precedes the acquisition of CALP

An elementary school teacher is hosting a conference with the parent of a child from a culture in which the needs of the group generally supersede individual accomplishment. The teacher provides feedback regarding how helpful the child is in class before discussing the student's academic achievement. Which of the following best explains why the teacher proceeds in that manner?

The parent's primary focus is on the child social behavior

Which of the following personal factors is likely to have the most positive impact on an ESL student's literacy development in English?

The student's family members regularly read books and other print materials in the native language

high school ESL teacher notices that his native Spanish speaking students routinely capitalize names and places but are inconsistent in their capitalization of months and days of the week. Which of the following is the most likely explanation of this phenomenon?

The students are unsure of differences in writing conventions between Spanish and English

After reading a short magazine article together with his class, an ESL teacher asks his students to work in small groups to put a scrambled version of the article in the correct order. Which of the following does the sentence ordering activity most likely accomplish?

The students gain productive facility in written English

An ESL teacher continues to provide scaffolding and support for ELLs, even when they show improvement in conversational English. Which of the following best support the ESL teacher's strategy?

Academic language skills in L2 are not acquired as quickly as conversational skills

Which of the following describes the primary role of Language Proficiency Assessment Committee (LPAC) once a student has been enrolled in an ESL program?

Assessing the student's progress in English language learning throughout the school year

n ESL student writes the following. Luis Garcia and his brother are my neighbors. They was watching my dog for me while my family went on vacation. The teacher notes that the student has difficulty with which of the following?

Subject-verb agreement

A second-grade ESL teacher learns from several of her Vietnamese students that the students practice traditional Vietnamese songs and dances each week with a group at their church and that the group performs on special events and on holidays. The ESL teacher contacts the leader of this group to arrange for a performance at an upcoming school event. How is this performance most likely to benefit the school community?

By demonstrating that students bring with them rich cultural traditions that are valued by the community

The ESL teachers in a high school are preparing a presentation for the school's monthly meeting. Mainstream teachers have reported that some ESL students who are not doing well in their classes converse well when speaking to native English-speaking students outside the classroom. In their presentation, which of the following should the ESL teachers describe to best explain ESL students' success in conversing outside the classroom?

Basic interpersonal communication skills (BICS

For each row, select whether the activity is best used to improve ELL's basic interpersonal communication skills (BICS) or cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP).

Bics bics calps

An ESL teacher explains to students that native speakers often make new words out of parts of existing words, such as "smog" from "smoke" and "fog" and "blog" from "Web" and "log," and "informercial" from "information" and "commercial". Which of the following processes is the teacher explaining to students?

Blending

Which of the following is the primary characteristic of pull-out ESL instruction?

Instruction is provided in all content areas

Community members and resources that positively affect student learning in the ESL program and enhance the education of ESL students include

PIE's (Partners in Education), community centers, extended day-care programs

An ESL teacher knows that building positive, trusting relationships with the families of the ELLs is important in engaging students in their learning. Which of the following approaches to communication with the families of ELLs is most effective?

Having regularly scheduled in-person and conversations about student academic progress and behavior

Which of the following best describes a formulative assessment?

Having students take a norm referenced examination

Which of the following is an example of the use of discourse analysis in the ESL classroom

Helping students identify the subtle differences that distinguish assertions, persuasions, and requests

Which of the following strategies would best support an ELL who is demonstrating difficulty with understanding English syntax?

Helping students to order word cards correctly to create simple sentences

Thumbs up! Thumbs down!" student responses Observation of student discussion groups Unit used to measure student progress

In in form

Ms. Beeman's sixth-grade class, which include ESL students, is beginning a unit on Greek Mythology. She realizes that many of the words related to mythology maybe unfamiliar to the ESL students. To best promote the ESL students' comprehension the vocabulary, Ms. Beeman should teach each word

In the context of the literature in which it appears in order to demonstrate the appropriate meaning

Ms. Calderone has a student who consistently pronounces that have an initial /j/ with an initial /y/ sound instead. She plans to correct the student's pronunciation of the consonant sound through sound through alliterative exercises. Which of the following oral exercises would most fit her object?

Johnjokesaboutjamandjellyjars

Which of the following is the best example of an ESL teacher acting in the role of advocate for ESL students and their parents at conference time?

Joining the classroom teachers for all conferences with parents of ESL students and ensuring that translators are available when necessary

Mr. Simon, a high school social studies teacher, asked Ms. Lowe, the school's ESL teacher, for advice on how to address the needs of ESL students in his mainstream classes. Ms. Lowe observed Mr. Simon's classes and noticed that even though he often directs questions to the ESL students, he tends to answer most of the questions himself. She also noticed that most of the class period was spent with the entire class attending to one speaker at the front of the room. Ms. Lowe has suggested to Mr. Simon that he incorporate small group work into his classes. Small group work is most likely to provide Mr. Simone's students with opportunities to do which of the following?

Learn through context reduced experiences

In Texas, which of the following is a responsibility of the language proficiency assessment committee (LPAC)?

Monitoring the progress of all ESL speakers in the school, including those who have never required ESL services

Hasan is a nine-year-old boy who has recently arrived in the United States from a North African country. He has had no previous exposure to the English language and limited formal education in his native country. Which of the following programs would be ideal in which to place Hasan?

Newcomer

Which of the following is the most appropriate first step to ensure that parents of ESL students understand what is communicated during a parent teacher conference?

Providing clear explanations of key educational terms

Which two of the following are the most effective ways of creating a multicultural and multilingual learning environment in a school?

Reading and discussing literature written by authors from different cultural backgrounds Displaying world maps in every classroom and throughout the school

Which of the following is the result of the Supreme Court ruling of Lau v Nicholas?

School districts must take affirmative steps to overcome educational barriers

In his family and consumer science class, Julio, an ELL functioning at the intermediate proficiency level, works with a partner to prepare a dish by following a recipe provided by the teacher. The cooking activity is most for Julio in developing which of the following skills?

Solving complex problems

middle school ESL teacher teaches science to limited-English-speaking students who have a variety of language backgrounds. She provides a high degree of "comprehensible input" by using visuals and "hands-on" activities and selecting words and paraphrases with which students are familiar. Which of the following ESL program models best describes this class?

Structured immersion

Which of the following best characterizes and English immersion program?

Students receive all information in English, however, lessons are enriched by the use of visuals and manipulatives as well as extensive use of repetition and application of language development tasks

Mr. Brice knows that effective readers use their experiences to help them understand and connect to reading texts. Before reading a text on a new topic Mr. Brice can best assess the ELL's knowledge by

leading a class discussion and recording student responses about the topic on a concept chart

semantics

meaning of a word, phrase, sentence, or text Dog - a domesticated carnivorous mammal that typically has a long snout, an acute sense of smell, and a barking, howling, or whining voice

Use the information below to answer the question that follows. The following dialogue occurs between an art teacher, Ms. Hill and Edmund, an ELL, while students are working on individual art projects. Edmund: (A box of markers in his hand) Can I use the markers? Ms. Hill: Go ahead, you have the green light! Edmund: (Noticeably confused) No, I don't have the light, I have the markers. (Carlos, a student who is sitting nearby and has overheard the conversation chuckles quietly, causing Edward to turn red) Ms. Hill: (Turning to Carlos) Carlos, please focus on your own art project. (Turning back to Edmund with a kind smile) Edmund, let me explain. When I said you have a green light, I meant that you have the permission to use markers, so you can go ahead and use them. Do you understand what that statement means now? (Edmund nods his head yes and begins using the markers) Based on the interaction between Ms. Hill and Edmund, it can be best concluded that Edmund had difficulty understanding the

pragmatics of the sentence

ESL teacher suggests that content area teachers engage all students in a variety of different activities when introducing a new topic or concept (e.g. having students in a whole class discussion and hands on small group activity, then writing about the topic.) This suggestion is likely to be effective on promoting ESL students' content area learning primarily because it

provides students with multiple opportunities to develop an understanding of new content

7. Read the following possible responses to an introduction, then answer the question that follows. Pleased to make your acquaintance sir Nice to meet you Hey how's it going? The difference between these three responses is primarily one of

register

A middle school ESL teacher has a wide variety of language material in her classroom (e.g. classroom library, word processing station, a listening center with taped books and music, a media center with newspapers and periodicals). These materials best demonstrate the teacher's awareness of the importance of

stimulating students' language use and development through a language rich environmen