ESS 236 Final Exam

A woman who was at a healthy weight before becoming pregnant should gain approximately how many pound(s) per week during the third trimester of her pregnancy?

1

Which of the following topics are the four guidelines of the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

1. focus on meeting food group needs with nutrient-dense foods and beverages, and stay within calorie limits 2. follow a healthy dietary pattern at every life stage 3. limit foods and beverages higher in added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium, and limit alcholic beverage

Which of the following alcohol-containing beverages contains approximately the same amount of alcohol that is in two 12-ounce bottles of beer?

10 ounces of red wine

what is the recommended amount of moderate physical exercise for a healthy adult?

150 minutes/week

In which of the following situations would the CAGE questionnaire be most appropriate?

20 year-old college student who drinks only on the weekends

Before she became pregnant, Gabrielle weighed 140 pounds, which was in the healthy BMI range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain how many pounds during her pregnancy?

25-35

On the Hunger Continuum Scale by Ellie Krieger, what rating from 1-10 signifies a "strong but not overwhelming feelings of hunger"

3

The label on a bag of salt-free pretzels indicates the chips are "low-fat." This means the pretzels provide __ gram(s) of fat or less per serving.

3

Which of the following statements is true?

Caregivers should not give popcorn, grapes, and cut-up raw vegetables to infants

Which of the following statements is true?

Human milk naturally contains antibodies and immune cells that are not in infant formulas

Which of the following statements is true?

It is not unusual for children to have food jags

Which of the following is a key nutrition concept?

Malnutrition includes over-nutrition as well as undernutrition

Which of the following statements is true?

Obese children are more likely to have high blood glucose levels than children who have healthy body weights

Which of the following statements is true?

Scientific evidence to support the notion that a person's genetic makeup contributes to her/her longevity

Which of the following is the largest food assistance program in the United States, aiding about 44 million Americans each year?

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

Trans-fatty acids are

a by-product of the partial-hydrogenation process

Which of the following statements is true?

a fatty acid has a chain of carbons bonded to each other and to hydrogen atoms

Anna would like to offer a high-fiber, nutrient-dense snack to her healthy 4-year-old son. Based on this information, she should serve him what food item?

a small unpeeled apple that has been cut into wedges

Iron absorption can be increased by

adding a food that contains vitamin C to the meal

A physician who hosts a popular TV show makes several nutrition related claims during one of the programs. Which of the doctor's claims is a "red flag" of unreliable information?

all dairy products cause cancer

Which of the following foods is not a source of complete protein?

almond butter

An athlete takes protein supplements before and after workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after adding the supplements to his diet. What type of reporting is this method?

anecdote

Which food in the Okinawan diet helps regulate blood sugar?

bitter melon

A primary function of the digestive system is the ...

breakdown of food into nutrients

Carter wants to lower his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, he should limit his intake of which product.

butter and beef

Which of the following physiological and/or psychological effects often occurs when a person reaches a BAC of 0.20?

cannot walk without assistance, mental confusion, and/or may pass out

This is a condition characterized by the accumulation of scar tissue in the liver leading to irreversible damage

cirrhosis of the liver

Becky's 2-year old son can't walk because he was born with spina bifida, a neural congenital condition. To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with this birth defect or related disorders, Becky should

consume green leafy vegetables, drink orange juice, and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant

When he prepares food, Nick wants to use a product that is a rich source of unsaturated fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should he select?

corn oil

Dehydration can cause which disorder

death

Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information?

dietsnomore4u.com

Which of the following factors typically contribute to undernutrition?

diseases

What transports food from the mouth to the stomach?

esophagus

Which of the following is a macronutrient or energy producing substance?

fats

Corrina is a 25-year-old pregnant woman. Her need for which vitamin/mineral is 50% higher than before she became pregnant?

folate

Globally, which of the following vitamins or minerals is not one of the top four micronutrient deficiencies associated with undernutrition?

folate

This is a state in which individuals are concerned about not having food or not enough money to buy more food

food insecurity

The body needs vitamin K to

form active blood clotting factors

Cholesterol is

found only in animal foods

Most people thought ___ caused pellagra.

germs

The introduction of iodized salt in the 1920s dramatically reduced rates of what disorder in the United States.

goiter

Which of the following food groups includes foods that are among the best sources of riboflavin?

grains

John has three alcoholic drinks per day, he is classified as which type of drinker

heavy drinker

According to the CDC, obesity prevalence in children is 25.6% in what ethnic group?

hispanic

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?

in general, excess of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins

Which of the following is not a health benefit of physical exercise?

increased LDL levels in the blood

Vitamin K can be produced by

intestinal bacteria

Which of the following vitamins or minerals is one of the four leading micronutrient deficiencies worldwide?

iodine

Emma consumes dairy products, but she does not eat meat, fish, eggs or poultry. She eats some vegetables and fruits, but she avoids beans, breads and cereal products. Based on this information, what mineral does her diet lack

iron

Which of the following is an example of a trace mineral?

iron

A non-essential nutrient...

is made by the body

The ___ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme.

large intestine

in general, lifting weights is excellent for all of the following except

losing fat

A major nutrition-related concern of adolescent females is what type of intake?

low iron

The latest dietary guidelines for drinking alcohol include which of the following?

moderate drinking for a male is 24 oz of beer per day

Compared to preschoolers, older children tend to eat

more foods away from home

Which of the following is a key nutrition concept?

most foods are a mixture of nutrients

Megadoses of vitamins are

most often consumed from supplements

Felicity's LDL cholesterol level is too high. To lower her cholesterol level, she took large doses of a certain vitamin supplement, but she experienced severe facial flushing and liver damage as a result. Based on this information, which vitamin did she take?

niacin

Which vitamins are water-soluble?

niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin

Which is a symptom of a vitamin A deficiency?

night blindness

Which of the following statements is true?

older adults generally have fewer active taste buds than children

which of the following foods contains the most water by weight?

peach

For lunch today Becky ate a chicken sandwich on whole wheat bread, a small bag of potato chips, and an orange. She drank a cup of orange juice. Which component of this lunch would be considered a source of empty calories?

potato chips

Which of the following life stage or physical state is characterized by positive nitrogen balance?

pregnancy

Which of the following is a macronutrient or energy producing substance?

protein

Which of the following shelf-stable, nutrient fortified foods has been developed to treat undernutrition among young children in developing countries?

ready-to-use therapeutic foods

Which of the following is not listed as a potential health benefit of the Okinawan diet?

reduce acne

Which of the following is a main function of minerals?

regulation of body processes and energy metabolism

Issac is an 8-year-old child who has African ancestry. He lives in Chicago and does not spend much time outdoors. He does not like to consume dairy foods because he has lactose intolerance. His diet consists primarily of enriched white bread, peanut butter, chicken, pork, apples, bananas, and green vegetables. Based on this information, Issac has a high risk of what disorder?

rickets

Which of the following are signs of an eating disorder

running to the bathroom after meals, regularly skipping meals, dizziness or feeling cold all the time, showing signs of malnourishment

Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent all MyPlate food groups?

salad made with hard-cooked eggs, grapes, leaf lettuce, cooked pasta, and cheddar cheese

Which of the following statements is true?

skin can form vitamin D after being exposed to sunlight

Elizabeth is 90 years of age. Compared to when she was 30 years of age, her

skin is less elastic

Bill is 83 years of age. Which situation is likely to have a negative influence on his nutritional status?

social isolation

For lunch today Quentin ate a turkey sandwich on whole wheat bread, a small bag of pretzels, and an apple. He also drank a 20-fluid ounce orange-flavored sports drink. Which component of his lunch would be considered a source of empty calories?

sports drink

To conserve the vitamin content of foods, one should

stir-fry instead of boil

Which of the following regions of the world has the largest number of undernourished people?

sub-saharan africa

This is a farming method that doesn't deplete natural resources or harm the environment while meeting the demand for food

sustainable agriculture

Pregnant females who have the highest risk of experiencing complications during pregnancy are

teenage girls and women over the age of 35 years old

Which of the following statements is true?

the adult ADMR for carbohydrates is 45-65% of total energy intake

Normal physiological changes associated with aging include a reduction in

thirst sensation

this gland produces the primary hormone that controls the metabolic rate

thyroid

In the human body, water is involved in which function

transporting substances

when eating a fast food meal, it's recommended to keep the calories under 500

true

Today, Sean only ate three sandwiches made with whole-grain bunds, 3 slices of cheese, and 10 ounces of roast beef. He also drank 3 cups of orange juice. According to MyPlate, he ate nothing from the food group that includes...

vegetables

in which food group will cauliflower be placed?

vegetables

Albert has come into hard times after recently losing his job. With little money saved, Albert has had to significantly reduce both the quality and quantity of his diet due to his inability to purchase enough food. What term is used to describe Albert's situation?

very low food security

Childhood blindness is due to a lack of

vitamin A

A person following a poorly planned plant-based diet may consume inadequate levels of

vitamin B12

People who are unable to absorb fat are likely to develop a deficiency of

vitamin D

Which of the following vitamins is most important for bone health?

vitamin D

Which of the following is true about water?

water plays a role in regulation of body temperature

These infants have a higher risk of obesity during childhood

whose mothers are obese