Essentials of Nutrition- Exam 1

Ch. 2 Which of the following regulates the pH of the stomach? -Insulin -Secretin -Gastrin -Cholecystokinin

-Gastrin

TE, 1 Which of the following is a feature of the Daily Values found on food labels?: -They assist people in determining whether a food contains a little or a lot of a nutrient -They are expressed on a "per 1000-k calorie intake" basis -They define a food as an excellent source of a nutrient if it contributes at least 50% of the dietary recommended intake -They are updated every two years as mandated by the USDA

-They assist people in determining whether a food contains a little or a lot of a nutrient

Ch. 2 Which of the following is a function of the intestinal micro-villi?: -Secretion of digestive acid -Transport of nutrient molecules -Secretion of bile salts -Transport of pancreatic enzymes

-Transport of nutrient molecules

TE, 1 How many minerals are known to be required in the diet of human beings?

16

Ch. 2 What is re-flux?

Backward flow of chyme

Ch. 2 In what organ does the digestion process begin?

Mouth

TE, 1 What substance protects the stomach lining from damage due to digestive juices?

Mucus

TE, 1 What is the meaning of a double-blind experiment?

Neither subjects nor researchers know which subjects are in the control or experimental group

Ch. 2 What is the function of mucus in the stomach?

Protects stomach cells from gastric juices

Ch. 1 Refined grain products contain only the

endosperm.

Ch. 1 A nutrient needed by the body and that must be supplied by foods is termed a(n)

essential nutrient

TE, 1 Which of the following is an expression of the nutrient density of a food? -110 kcalories per serving -0.01 mg iron per kcalorie -0.5 mg iron per serving -110 kcalories per cup

-0.01 mg iron per kcalorie

TE, 1 Which of the following is a description of chyme? -The semisolid mass of undigested food which passes through the ileocecal valve -The mixture of pancreatic juices containing enzymes for digestion of the macronutrients -A thick, viscous material synthesized by mucosal cells for protection against digestive juices -A semiliquid mass of partially digested food released by the stomach into the small intestine

-A semiliquid mass of partially digested food released by the stomach into the small intestine

Ch. 1 Which of the following is a feature of the food list system?: -Adequate intakes of minerals and vitamins are virtually guaranteed -All foods are grouped according to their content of carbohydrate, protein, and fats -Foods are grouped according to their source -A fat portion provides about twice the energy as a carbohydrate portion

-All foods are grouped according to their content of carbohydrate, protein, and fats

TE, 1 Which of the following is characteristic of an essential nutrient?: -Cannot be degraded by the body -Cannot be found in food -Cannot be used to synthesize other compounds in the body -Cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body

-Cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body

Ch. 2 Which of the following nutrients requires the greatest time for digestion? -Minerals -Water -Carbohydrates -Fats

-Fats

TE, 1 Which of the following products of digestion is not normally released directly into the bloodstream?: -Fats -Minerals -Carbohydrates -Vitamin C

-Fats

TE, 1 Which of the following is not one of the six classes of nutrients?: -Minerals -Protein -Fiber -Vitamins

-Fiber

Ch. 2 Which of the following is a feature of the lymphatic system?: -It carries fats away from the intestines -It contains a fluid with a composition similar to pancreatic fluid -It serves to transport fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins to the vascular system -It circulates via a one-way pump at the junction to the subclavian vein

-It carries fats away from the intestines

TE, 1 Which of the following is not characteristic of the USDA Food Pattern?: -It can be used with great flexibility once its intent is understood -Its nutrients of greatest concern include iron, chromium, and vitamin B12 -It specifies that a certain quantity of food be consumed from each group, based upon energy intake -It places most foods into one of five groups

-Its nutrients of greatest concern include iron, chromium, and vitamin B12

TE, 1 Which of the following body organs does not secrete digestive enzymes?: -Stomach -Liver -Salivary glands -Pancreas

-Liver

TE, 1 In which of the following food groups are legumes found?: -Dairy -Grains -Fruits -Meats

-Meats

TE, 1 Which of the following is the most calcium-dense food?: -Nonfat milk -Cheddar cheese -Whole milk -Low-fat milk

-Nonfat milk

TE, 1 Which of the following most accurately describes the term organic?: -Products sold at health food stores -Products grown without use of pesticides -Substances with carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds -Foods having superior nutrient qualities

-Substances with carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds

Features of a chronic disease include all of the following except -it lasts a long time. -it develops slowly. -it progresses gradually -it produces sharp pains.

-it produces sharp pains.

Ch. 2 Absorption of nutrients by intestinal cells occurs by all of the following mechanisms except: -transmigration. -diffusion. -active transport. -facilitated diffusion.

-transmigration.

TE, 1 The chief functions of cholecystokinin include all of the following except: -triggering release of gastrin. -slowing GI tract mobility. -triggering release of bile. -triggering release of pancreatic fluid.

-triggering release of gastrin.

TE, 1 The most common causes of death today in the United States include all of the following except: -diabetes. -diseases of the heart and blood vessels. -tuberculosis. -cancer.

-tuberculosis.

TE, 1 A weight reduction regimen calls for a daily intake of 1400 k calories which includes 30 g of fat. Approximately what percentage of the total energy is contributed by fat?

19

Ch. 1 On a food label, the "% Daily Value" table compares key nutrients per serving for a person consuming how many kcalories daily?

2000

TE, 1 Approximately how much water (lbs) would be found in a 120-lb person?

72

Ch. 2 What is the name given to partially digested food in the stomach?

Chyme

Ch. 1 What is the term that defines a measure of the energy a food provides relative to the weight of the food (k calories per gram).

Energy Density

Ch. 2 What structure prevents food from entering the trachea when you swallow?

Epiglottis

Ch. 1 Gram for gram, which of the following provides the most energy?: Proteins Carbohydrates Fats Alcohol

Fats

Ch. 1 Which of the following foods' k calories would be considered as part of one's discretionary k calorie allowance?: Watermelon Jam Raw carrots Brussels sprouts

Jam

TE, 1 When nutrients are transported from intestinal epithelial cells to the vascular system, what organ is first to receive them?

Liver

TE, 1 What is one function of the pyloric sphincter?

Prevents the contents of the small intestine from backing up into the stomach

Ch. 1 Which of the following is a purpose of both the Recommended Dietary Allowance and Adequate Intake?: Setting nutrient goals for individuals Restoring health of malnourished individuals Identifying toxic intakes of nutrients Developing nutrition programs for school children

Setting nutrient goals for individuals

Ch. 1 What is the chief reason people choose the foods they eat?

Taste

TE, 1 A health magazine contacted you for your expert opinion on what measure best describes the amounts of nutrients that should be consumed by the population. Your reply should be:

The Recommended Dietary Allowances because they represent the average daily amount of a nutrient considered adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy people.

Ch. 1 By chemical analysis, what nutrient is present in the highest amounts in most foods?

Water

Ch. 1 The most highly fortified foods on the market are

breakfast cereals.

Ch. 1 All of the following are classified as macro-nutrients except: carbohydrate fat calcium protein

calcium

TE, 1 Food lists were originally developed for people with

diabetes.

TE, 1 The process by which food is broken down into absorb-able components is called

digestion.

TE, 1 The process by which bile acts on fat so enzymes can attack the fat is known as

emulsification.

Ch. 1 An empty-k calorie food is one that contains

excess energy and little or no protein, vitamins, or minerals.

TE, 1 The addition of calcium to some orange juice products by food manufacturers is most properly termed nutrient

fortification.

TE, 1 A person who eats a bowl of oatmeal for breakfast every day would be displaying a food choice most likely based on

habit.

Ch. 1 Before publication in a reputable journal, the findings of a research study must undergo scrutiny by experts in the field according to a process known as

peer review.

Ch. 1 Nutrient dense refers to foods that

provide more nutrients relative to k calories.

Ch. 2 Into what region of the intestinal tract does the stomach empty?

Duodenum