Ethics Final
What are the purposes of the Ethics Code?
- establishing the integrity of a profession - education and professional socialization - public trust - enforceable value
To whom does the Ethics Code apply?
- APA members & student affiliates - adopted by many psychology programs and integrated into state laws, rules, and regulations governing the licensed practice of psychology
To what does the Ethics Code apply?
- All activities, all persons, all settings, and all communication contexts that are conducted, encountered, or used in one's role as a psychologist
Ethical Code documents can take one of three forms
- aspirational code - educational code - enforceable code
Researchers may publish the same original data in how many journals without it being accompanied by proper acknowledgement?
1
When was the first APA Committee on Ethical Standards for Psychologists appointed?
1947
The APA Record Keeping Guidelines recommend that absent specific legal requirements, complete records are maintained at minimum:
7 years
What is the difference between a boundary crossing and a boundary violation?
A boundary crossing is a deviation from classical therapeutic activity that is harmless, non-exploitative, and possibly supportive of the therapy itself. In contrast, a boundary violation is harmful or potentially harmful, to the patient and the therapy. It constitutes exploitation of the patient
Standard 5
Advertising and Other Public Statements
Standard 9
Assessment
Psychologist who use the internet, mobile phones, and other technology in their practice need to obtain __________ competencies related to technology
Basic
Dr. A has just been called to testify in court. She was unaware that her work would be used in a legal setting. Under Standard 2.01f, Dr. A is responsible to
Become reasonably familiar with the rules governing her role in court
Principle A
Beneficence and non-maleficence Means to do good and avoid doing harm
It is ethical for psychologists to include personal information on their professional website, if:
It is directly relevant to professional services
Standard 3.11 requires psychologists who deliver services to or through organizations provide information related to objectives of services, intended recipients, which individuals are clients, and limits of confidentiality. Psychologists are required to provide this information to:
Client and organization
When appropriate mental health services are not available, psychologists with ___________ __________ training or experience may provide services if they make reasonable efforts to obtain competency
Closely related
Psychologists provide services within the boundaries of their _______________.
Competence
Standard 2
Competence
Psychologists who work in environments where individuals may not be qualified to perform their duties should:
Discuss their concerns with those responsible for the assignments
Dr. A and Dr. B, both psychologists are partners in a private practice. Dr. A has on one or two occasions patted the secretary on the shoulder when he praises her work. Dr. B hugs the secretary when she comes in to work and when he passes her will put his hand on her shoulder. Which of these actions could constitute sexual harassment?
Dr. B
All states have a "duty-to-protect" law, which requires all psychologists to warn third parties of the prospect of harm by a client
False
Standard 3.01 requires psychologists offering therapeutic services to accept as clients all individuals who request mental health services
False
Standard 3.03 prohibits psychologists from making critical comments about a students work.
False
Under standard 2.01b, psychologists have related obligations:
Familiarity with professional and scientific knowledge, appropriate skills, knowledge when to refrain and refer
Principle B
Fidelity & Responsibility Faithfulness and avoiding conflicts of interest. Also includes consulting when necessary
When was the final draft of code adopted by APA and when was it published?
Final draft - 1952; published 1953
Psychologists do not knowingly engage in behavior that is _____________ or ______________ to person with whom they interact in their work
Harassing, demeaning
Standard 3
Human Relations
Dr. Black has just been informed by his client that the client intends to harm his neighbor. The client has been angry over the way his neighbor treats him. Dr. Black needs to do all of the following, except: Assess his client's potential for violence Document his decisions about dangerousness Check his state law if he has a duty-to-protect Immediately call the police
Immediately call the police
Principle C
Integrity Honesty, only using deception when necessary
Standard 2.03 requires that psychologists maintain their competency. This is accomplished through all, except:
Just practice
Principle D
Justice Strive for equal treatment. Selecting the right treatment for the individual
If psychologists' ethical responsibilities conflict law, regulations, or other legal authority, psychologists should do all of the following, except:
Must follow the law
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 is required legal information for which psychologists:
School psychologists
Informed consent discussion will be a:
Ongoing process
Standard 1.05 prioritizes the protection of ________________ over the duty to report an ethical violation
Organizations
Standard 4
Privacy and Confidentiality
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Final Rule (2013) requires professionals to:
Protect health information
Standard 6
Record Keeping and Fees
Dr. C is going through a very nasty divorce. She has been attending numerous court dates in order to deal with the ongoing divorce litigation. Through this time, she has been attempting to see her client in her private practice at their regular dates and times. Dr. C is considering whether she should accept new clients at this time. Under 2.06, Dr. C decision should:
Refrain from taking on new clients if there is a substantial likelihood her personal problems will impair her competence
The consistency of test scores when a test is repeated for an individual or for a given population is called __________
Reliability
Dr. Allen's client has just informed him that she had been in an intimate relationship with another psychologist in the clinic, but that the psychologist had broken up with her. The client is very upset and has asked Dr. Allen to take action against the violating psychologist. Dr. Allen should:
Report the violating psychologist
Standard 8
Research and Publication
Standard 1
Resolving Ethical Issues
Principle E
Respect for people's rights and dignity Respect worth of all people. Respect people's rights (informed consent)
Dr. Stevens works in a small health care practice providing psychological services. As it is anticipated the Dr. Stevens will handle personal health information, he will be required to complete all of the following except: Formally trained in HIPAA Sign a confidentiality form Sign a privacy form Ensure that emails and faxes used to communicate such information will be marked confidential
Sign a privacy form
_______________________ embedded within organizations and social institutions are most often the driving force behind human rights violations.
Social inequalities
According to Standard 1.01, if psychologists learn the misuse of their work, they must:
Take reasonable steps to correct the misuse
The first international document establishing the rights of participants in research studies was:
The Nuremberg Code
Reporting of an ethical violation committed by another psychologist should be made if:
The informal resolution has not been successful
Failure to terminate treatment when it becomes clear that continuation would be harmful is a violation of Standard 3.04
True
Standard 10
Therapy
Pope and Vasquez (2007) provided recommendations for psychologists to prepare for unplanned interruptions such as sudden illness or death. Their recommendations included all of the following, except:
To create a personal will
Boundaries are designed to do all of the following, except:
To create a safe place
Dr. J works in a small, rural community in which he is the only psychologist providing mental health services. It is not always possible to avoid multiple relationships. Fried (2015) made all the following recommendations for psychologists in Dr. J's situation to help avoid unethical multiple relationships, except:
To ignore encounters in public
Dr. G has received notice from the state ethics committee that a complaint has been filed against him. He may take all of the following steps, except:
To ignore the notice
Professional and scientific misconduct by psychologists can do all of the following, except:
To instill client trust
Conflicts of interests can extend to financial or other gains that accrue to psychologists directly or indirectly
True
Limits may be placed on the extent to which private information acquired during psychological services can be kept confidential. Some limits include all of the following, except: To report suspected child abuse To protect from imminent self-harm Upon request from an attorney Lawful military investigations
Upon request from an attorney
To the extent to which empirical evidence and psychological theory support the interpretation of test data is called _____________
Validity
Sexual harassment includes all of the following, except:
Verbal conduct nonsexual in nature
Sexual harassment may be ____________ or __________ conduct that is sexual in nature
Verbal, nonverbal
Sexual relationships with individuals with whom psychologists have a current professional relationship are __________ unethical
always
When psychologists are required by law, institutional policy, or extraordinary circumstances to serve in more than one role in judicial or administrative proceedings, they need to:
clarify the role expectation
If a conflict between an ethical responsibility and a law or regulation cannot be resolved, Standard 1.02 permits the psychologist to:
comply with the law if it does not violate human rights
Standard 1.06 requires psychologists to cooperate with ethics committees. This cooperation may be limited by:
confidentiality responsibilities
Dr. James has been interviewing applicants to fill the vacancy for a psychologist on staff at the university. The current applicant had filed a sexual harassment complaint at her previous place of employment. Dr. James may:
deny her the position based on previous work reviews
Under Standard 3.01, psychologists respect the __________ and ________ of all people
dignity and worth
In emergencies psychologists may provide services to individuals for whom other mental health services are not available, but they should:
discontinue as soon as the emergency has ended or appropriate services are available
Dr. F has a client in his private practice who suffers from panic attacks. During one session, Dr. F revealed that he has in the past suffered from panic attacks in order to help the client that he is not alone in experiencing these symptoms. This self-disclosure would be considered:
ethical
Multicultural _______________________________ is just the first step toward multicultural ethical competence
ethical commitment
Dr. M has been hired by the courts to evaluate the actions of a psychologist who appears to have engaged in sexual relationships with a client. Under Standard 1.05, Dr. M is:
exempted from reporting requirements
Dr. S supervises practicum and internship students at a local mental health clinic. During the supervision time, Dr. S requires that the students balance his personal check book, clean his office, and at times collect his clothes from the laundry. Dr. S is engaging in an __________________________.
exploitative relationship
When a psychologist believes that another psychologist has committed an ethical violation, the ethical issue may be addressed in a __________________ or _____________________ manner
formal and informal
Dr. Lane's practice has been limited to adult clients. However, she has been asked to consider taking on younger clients. Dr. Lane should:
gain some relevant education and training in working with younger clients
A psychologist refrains from entering into a multiple relationship if the multiple relationship could reasonably be expected to:
impair psychologist's objectivity and performance
According to Standard 1.01, if psychologists learn of ________ or _____________ of their work, they take reasonable steps to correct
misuse, misrepresentation
When psychological services are court ordered, the psychologist should inform the individual of:
nature of the services, limits of confidentiality
Dr. G is a psychology professor at a southern university. Most of her exams are essay type exams. After the mid-term exams were graded and returned to her students, Dr. G was notified that she is being accused of harassment due to a low grade on one of the exams. Dr. G is in violation of which Standard?
none
Dr. Jones who has a private practice working with children has been asked to provide assessment services for child custody evaluations. Dr. Jones has never performed a custody evaluation before. If he accepts this position, he will be:
practicing outside the boundaries of his competence
The primary purpose of Standard 3.10, informed consent is to:
protect the self-governing and privacy rights of individuals
Dr. Franks was spending an evening out to dinner with his family. Upon reaching the restaurant they notice a crowd had gathered around an individual who was threatening to kill himself. Dr. Franks' work has been entirely in the area of disability assessment. He has no training in suicidality. In the current situation, Dr. Franks may:
provide immediate services to the suicidal individual, but also call for emergency services
What do you do if someone is legally incapable of giving consent?
psychologists nevertheless provide an appropriate explanation, seek the individual's assent, consider such persons' preferences and best interests, and obtain appropriate permission from a legally authorized person, if such substitute consent is permitted or required by law
Psychologists take ____________________ to avoid harming their clients/patients, students, supervisees, and others with whom they work
reasonable steps
If psychologists learn of misuse or misrepresentation of their work, they take:
reasonable steps to correct or minimize the misuse
Dr. Brown has a new client with a psychological disorder that he has never encountered and has no training or experience in treating. He has been unable to find any trainings related to the specific disorder. According to Standard 2.01b, Dr. Brown should:
refer the client
___________________________refers to information generated according to accepted principles of research practice
scientific knowledge
Dr. Moore has just discovered that her secretary has leaving client files on her desk overnight. Rather than putting them back in the locked file cabinet, she leaves those she has been working on on top her desk for the next day. As this could be considered an ethical violation, particularly violation of confidentiality, Dr. Moore needs to recognize that:
she is responsible for her secretary's behavior
An informal resolution to an ethical violation would not be appropriate if:
substantial harm has occurred
When a psychologist becomes aware that their personal problems are interfering with their work, under Standard 2.06b they need to:
take appropriate steps to remedy the problem
When a psychologist becomes aware that their personal problems are interfering with their work, under Standard 2.06b, they need to:
take appropriate steps to remedy the problem
Dr. James has just discovered that his colleague has been diagnosed with a terminal illness. In conversation with his colleague, Dr. James learns that his colleague has decided not to take steps to provide for his clients if he becomes incapacitated. Dr. James should:
talk to his colleague about the ethical violation
Dr. C has been providing therapy to a client for approximately six months. During this time, there has been no significant improvement in the client's symptoms. Dr. C should consider all of the following options, except:
to continue with current treatment plan
Dr. C has been providing therapy to a client for approximately six months. During this time, there has been no significant improvement in the client's symptoms. Dr. C should consider all of the following options, except: To turn to other techniques To seek consultation To continue with current treatment plan To offer an appropriate referral
to continue with current treatment plan
When a psychologist wishes to implement new practices for which there is no generally agreed upon scientific or professional training, they should take reasonable steps:
to ensure competence, safety of their work and protection of their clients
Dr. Stevens was providing assessment services to a university disability center. The center has been sharing the results of the assessments with the students' professors without the students' consent. Dr. Stevens realizes this is a violation of the students' confidentiality. Dr. Stevens needs to do all of the following, except:
to not inform the center of the ways in which this action violates the Ethics Code
A culturally competent psychologist should do all of the following, except:
to treat all clients the same no matter the culture
Appropriate skills for competent practice may be obtained from ______________, _______________, ___________________, or ____________________
training, experience, consultation, or supervision
A core value of the discipline of psychology is the ____________ and ____________ of the individuals and groups with whom psychologists work.
welfare protection
